Immunologic Drug Quiz: Vaccines & Immune Agents

1. Which type of vaccine contains weakened live pathogens that replicate but do not cause disease?

Inactivated vaccine

Live attenuated vaccine

Subunit vaccine

Toxoid vaccine

2. Monoclonal antibodies used therapeutically are produced using which technology?

Polyclonal serum collection

Hybridoma cell fusion

Bacterial fermentation

Viral vector expression

3. TNF-alpha inhibitors like infliximab are used to treat autoimmune diseases by blocking which cytokine?

Interleukin-2

Interferon-gamma

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha

Interleukin-10

4. What is the primary mechanism of action of mRNA vaccines such as those for COVID-19?

Direct pathogen inactivation

Protein synthesis within host cells to generate antigen

Antibody neutralization of viral particles

Natural killer cell activation

5. Which immunosuppressive agent works by inhibiting calcineurin and blocking T-cell activation?

Azathioprine

Methotrexate

Cyclosporine

Mycophenolate

6. Humanized monoclonal antibodies reduce immunogenicity compared to murine antibodies because they contain what percentage of human sequences?

50%

65%

80-90%

100%

7. Which vaccine adjuvant enhances immune response by activating pattern recognition receptors on antigen-presenting cells?

Aluminum salts

Oil-in-water emulsion

Lipopolysaccharide analogs

All of the above

8. Interferon-alpha and interferon-beta are used clinically to treat viral infections and certain cancers by enhancing which immune mechanism?

Antibody production

T-cell proliferation

Antiviral state and natural killer cell activity

Mast cell degranulation

9. CTLA-4 inhibitors like ipilimumab are checkpoint inhibitors used in cancer therapy that function by removing inhibition of which cells?

B lymphocytes

T lymphocytes

Macrophages

Dendritic cells

10. A patient receives a booster dose of tetanus toxoid vaccine. This response is primarily mediated by which immune mechanism?

Primary immune response

Secondary immune response

Innate immune activation

Complement cascade

11. Which interleukin is a key growth factor for T cells and is produced by activated T cells themselves?

IL-1

IL-2

IL-6

IL-12

12. Basiliximab is a monoclonal antibody used to prevent organ rejection by blocking which receptor?

IL-2 receptor

TNF receptor

HLA receptor

CD4 receptor

13. The conjugate vaccine for Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) works by linking polysaccharide antigen to a protein carrier to stimulate which response?

Innate immunity only

T-cell independent B-cell response

T-cell dependent B-cell response

Natural killer cell response

14. Tocilizumab blocks the IL-6 receptor and is used to treat inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis by reducing production of which molecules?

Antibodies and complement

Acute phase reactants and cytokines

T-cell receptors

Immunoglobulin E

15. Mycophenolate mofetil is an immunosuppressive agent that selectively inhibits which enzyme essential for lymphocyte proliferation?

Thymidylate synthase

Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase

Dihydrofolate reductase

Ribonucleotide reductase