Hematology Quiz: Anemia & Blood Disorders

1. Which of the following is the most common cause of anemia worldwide?

Iron deficiency anemia

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Hemolytic anemia

Aplastic anemia

2. A patient presents with macrocytic anemia and neurological symptoms. Which vitamin deficiency is most likely responsible?

Vitamin A

Vitamin B12

Vitamin C

Vitamin D

3. A bone marrow biopsy in a patient with aplastic anemia shows hypocellularity. What percentage of cellularity typically defines aplastic anemia?

Less than 10%

Less than 25%

Less than 50%

Less than 75%

4. In hereditary spherocytosis, which of the following laboratory findings is characteristic?

Positive direct Coombs test

Positive osmotic fragility test

Low reticulocyte count

Microcytic red blood cells

5. A 45-year-old woman with chronic kidney disease develops anemia. What is the primary physiological cause?

Decreased erythropoietin production

Increased hemoglobin glycation

Bone marrow fibrosis

Autoimmune hemolysis

6. Which genetic mutation causes sickle cell disease?

Glutamic acid replaced by valine at codon 6 of beta-globin

Glutamic acid replaced by leucine at codon 26 of beta-globin

Valine replaced by glutamic acid at codon 6 of alpha-globin

Leucine replaced by valine at codon 26 of beta-globin

7. True or False: In hereditary elliptocytosis, red blood cells have an elliptical shape due to cytoskeletal protein defects.

True

False

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9. A patient with warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia has a positive indirect Coombs test. What does this indicate?

Free antibodies in the patient's serum

Antibodies bound to red blood cell surface

Complement activation on RBC membrane

Splenomegaly with sequestration

10. Thalassemia major results from severe reduction in which globin chain synthesis?

Alpha-globin

Beta-globin

Delta-globin

Gamma-globin

11. A patient with polycythemia vera has an elevated hemoglobin and hematocrit. Which JAK2 mutation is most commonly associated?

JAK2 V617F

JAK2 R683G

JAK2 E543D

JAK2 L639F

12. True or False: Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria results from acquired somatic mutations in the PIG-A gene affecting complement regulation.

True

False

13. In glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, hemolysis is typically triggered by exposure to oxidative stressors. Which of the following is NOT a common trigger?

Sulfonamides

Fava beans

Aspirin

Vitamin K supplementation

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15. In pernicious anemia, antibodies target which gastric component necessary for B12 absorption?

Parietal cells

Intrinsic factor

Gastrin-secreting cells

Chief cells