Veterinary Dermatology - Cat & Dog

Primary skin lesions are the initial recognizable skin abnormalities. Macule, wheal, vesicle, papule, pustule, nodule, and tumor are examples of primary lesions, each with different characteristics and causes.

A wheal is a specific type of skin lesion characterized by its appearance and composition involving edema.

Vesicle and bulla are both types of skin lesions, with vesicle being smaller and bulla being larger in size. They are distinct in terms of their size, appearance, and content.

A papule is a solid elevation, while a plaque is a larger, flat-top elevation on the skin. It is important to understand the differences in these terms to accurately describe skin conditions.

A pustule specifically refers to a small skin elevation filled with pus, not a flower bouquet, musical instrument, or mathematical equation.

Secondary skin changes refer to modifications in the skin that occur as a result of various conditions or diseases. The correct answer includes examples such as scale, crust, hyperkeratosis, and others, which are commonly observed in dermatological assessments.

Scale refers to the accumulation of loose fragments of stratum corneum, while crust is a dried exudate on the surface of a lesion. It's important to differentiate between the two in a medical context for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Hyperkeratosis is a condition characterized by an increase in the thickness of the horny layer of the skin, which is the outermost layer. It is often associated with conditions such as calluses, corns, and some types of eczema.

Excoriation specifically refers to a skin injury caused by self-induced trauma and is characterized by the superficial removal of the epidermis. This can often lead to secondary infections due to the compromised skin barrier.

Ulcers and erosions are terms used in the medical field to describe different types of skin or mucosal lesions. Understanding the differences between them is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Lichenification is a skin condition characterized by thickening and hardening of the skin due to exaggerated superficial skin markings. It is often hyperpigmented and is commonly a result of persistent scratching or rubbing of the affected area.

A fissure specifically refers to a linear cleavage in the skin due to inelasticity and acute swelling, not to rock formations, ocean trenches, or cloud formations.

A comedo is a specific dermatological term referring to a type of skin lesion, not related to fruit, dance, or blood-feeding insects.

The correct 10-point plan for a dermatology case involves a systematic approach starting from the owner's complaint and covering various aspects including signalment, preliminary examination, medical history, specific skin disorder history, lifestyle, contagion, clinical examination, lab tests, and finally correlating data for diagnosis. It does not involve physical therapy, medication prescription, surgical intervention, or behavioral counseling.

It is important to focus on medical history aspects that can impact dermatological conditions and not on irrelevant factors like hair color, favorite food, or transportation preferences of the patient.

The correct answer explains the different characteristics and behaviors of each class of bacteria found on the skin.

Pyoderma refers to any pyogenic dermatitis, which can be sterile or infected. It is commonly seen in dogs and rarely in cats, usually indicating an underlying infection.

Genetic predisposition, excessive exercise, and pesticide exposure are not commonly recognized as predisposing causes of canine bacterial skin disease.

The correct answer provides a detailed explanation of the recommended topical therapies for canine bacterial skin diseases, emphasizing the importance of various agents and their specific effects. The incorrect answers provided are misleading and do not align with the established treatment guidelines for such conditions.

Immunomodulatory therapy involves a specific process of culturing and deactivating bacteria before injecting it into the affected animal, making it distinct from the other incorrect answers provided.

Skinfold pyodermas, also known as intertrigo or intertriginous dermatitis, occur when two skin surfaces rub together. This leads to specific types of pyodermas in different areas of the body such as lip fold, facial, vulvular, tail fold, and body. It is characterized by lesions that are sharply demarcated, moist, hyperemic, eroded, pruritic to painful, and can have a foul odor. Management includes medical palliative measures and surgical options if necessary.

Bacterial overgrowth syndrome is a specific condition involving overgrowth of S. pseudintermedius leading to classic signs of superficial bacterial infection. It is not related to autoimmune disorders, skin cancer, or genetic conditions related to sweat production.

Bacterial folliculitis is a common skin condition caused by bacterial infection of hair follicles. It is not an autoimmune disorder, viral infection, or cancerous growth.

Short-haired dog folliculitis is a specific skin condition that predominantly impacts breeds like dobermans, great danes, and boxers, manifesting as lesions on certain areas with mild symptoms.