Psch. 101 Chapter 3

1. What is a dendrite?

A small, fast-moving insect found in tropical regions.

Like a tree. Also, each branch is a telephone wire that carries incoming messages to you

A type of cloud formation seen in the sky.

A type of rock formation found in caves.

Dendrites are neural extensions that receive signals from other neurons in the brain, much like how branches of a tree receive messages and distribute them.

Explanation

Dendrites are neural extensions that receive signals from other neurons in the brain, much like how branches of a tree receive messages and distribute them.

2. What is myelin?

A type of vitamin essential for brain function.

Like the insulation that covers electrical wires

A protein found in muscle tissue.

A hormone responsible for regulating metabolism.

Myelin is a fatty substance that forms a sheath around nerve fibers, much like the insulation around electrical wires, to help speed up the transmission of nerve impulses.

Explanation

Myelin is a fatty substance that forms a sheath around nerve fibers, much like the insulation around electrical wires, to help speed up the transmission of nerve impulses.

3. What is a neuron?

Like a silicon chip in a computer that receives and transmits information between input and output devices as well as between other chips

A type of protein found in plants.

A breed of domesticated cats known for their large size and friendly demeanor.

A measurement unit for electric current.

A neuron is a specialized cell in the nervous system that processes and transmits information through electrical and chemical signals. It is often compared to a silicon chip in a computer due to its role in information processing and transmission.

Explanation

A neuron is a specialized cell in the nervous system that processes and transmits information through electrical and chemical signals. It is often compared to a silicon chip in a computer due to its role in information processing and transmission.

4. What is an axon?

Like an electrical cable that carries information

A type of plant

A type of food

A bone in the human body

An axon is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell that conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body to other cells. It is often compared to an electrical cable that carries information.

Explanation

An axon is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell that conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body to other cells. It is often compared to an electrical cable that carries information.

5. What is the role of glia in the brain?

Glia are responsible for conducting electrical impulses in the brain.

Like the maintenance personnel who keep things clean and in working order so the operations of the enterprise can proceed.

Glia regulate the release of neurotransmitters in the brain.

Glia are involved in memory formation and retrieval.

Glia provide support and protection for neurons, rather than directly conducting electrical impulses, forming memories, or regulating neurotransmitter release.

Explanation

Glia provide support and protection for neurons, rather than directly conducting electrical impulses, forming memories, or regulating neurotransmitter release.

6. What is a terminal button?

A button that launches a missile.

A button used to shut down a computer system.

A button at the end of a vehicle's gear shifter.

Like the nozzle at the end of a hose, from which water is squirted

A terminal button is analogous to the nozzle at the end of a hose, both serve as endpoints where something is released or initiated.

Explanation

A terminal button is analogous to the nozzle at the end of a hose, both serve as endpoints where something is released or initiated.

7. What is a synapse?

Like a railroad junction, where two trains may meet.

A type of rock formation found in mountain ranges.

A type of tropical fruit commonly found in Southeast Asia.

A form of ancient writing system used by Egyptians.

A synapse is a structure that permits a neuron (or nerve cell) to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron.

Explanation

A synapse is a structure that permits a neuron (or nerve cell) to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron.

8. What is the role of Serotonin?

A transmitter involved in the regulation of sleep, eating, and aggression

An enzyme responsible for breaking down proteins.

A hormone that regulates blood sugar levels.

A vitamin essential for bone health.

Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in regulating various functions in the body such as sleep, eating, and aggression. It is not an enzyme, hormone, or vitamin.

Explanation

Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in regulating various functions in the body such as sleep, eating, and aggression. It is not an enzyme, hormone, or vitamin.

9. Which two monoamines have been linked to depression?

(Endorphins and cortisol) two substances that are not monoamines commonly associated with depression.

(GABA and glutamate) two neurotransmitters not classified as monoamines.

(Dopamine and acetylcholine) two monoamines not linked to depression.

(and serotonin) the two monoamines that have been linked to depression.

Norepinephrine and serotonin are the two monoamines commonly linked to depression due to their role in regulating mood and emotions.

Explanation

Norepinephrine and serotonin are the two monoamines commonly linked to depression due to their role in regulating mood and emotions.

10. What are endorphins?

Hormones responsible for regulating blood sugar levels.

Chemicals that resemble opiate drugs in structure and that are involved in pain relief

Enzymes that aid in digestion.

Neurotransmitters that help with memory formation.

Endorphins are indeed chemicals that act as the body's natural painkillers, resembling opiate drugs in structure and function.

Explanation

Endorphins are indeed chemicals that act as the body's natural painkillers, resembling opiate drugs in structure and function.

11. Which neurotransmitter's abnormal levels have been implicated in schizophrenia?

Serotonin (5-HT)

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)

A neurotransmitter for which abnormal levels have been implicated in schizophrenia

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Abnormal levels of dopamine have been strongly linked to symptoms of schizophrenia, while serotonin, GABA, and acetylcholine are neurotransmitters that play different roles in the brain.

Explanation

Abnormal levels of dopamine have been strongly linked to symptoms of schizophrenia, while serotonin, GABA, and acetylcholine are neurotransmitters that play different roles in the brain.

12. What is the role of acetylcholine (ACh) in the nervous system?

A hormone that regulates blood glucose levels.

A type of cell found in the peripheral nervous system.

The only neurotransmitter between motor neurons and voluntary muscles.

A neurotransmitter responsible for sensory perception.

Acetylcholine (ACh) is specifically the neurotransmitter responsible for transmitting signals between motor neurons and voluntary muscles, enabling muscle movement.

Explanation

Acetylcholine (ACh) is specifically the neurotransmitter responsible for transmitting signals between motor neurons and voluntary muscles, enabling muscle movement.

13. What is GABA?

An enzyme that breaks down proteins

An amino acid that produces only inhibitory postpsynaptic potentials. GABA receptors may be present at 40% of all synapses. Involved in the regulation of anxiety and types of anxiety disorders.

A hormone that regulates blood sugar levels

An excitatory neurotransmitter that enhances synaptic transmission

GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in regulating anxiety and anxiety disorders.

Explanation

GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in regulating anxiety and anxiety disorders.

14. What is Glutamate?

A type of lipid that forms the structure of cell membranes.

Amino acid that always has excitatory effects. Is best known for contributing to learning and memory.

A neurotransmitter that inhibits brain function.

A peptide hormone that regulates blood sugar levels.

Glutamate is an amino acid with excitatory effects and plays a role in learning and memory functions.

Explanation

Glutamate is an amino acid with excitatory effects and plays a role in learning and memory functions.

15. What role do monoamines play in regulating behavior?

Monoamines are only found in non-neuronal cells.

Monoamines have no effect on behavior.

Neurons using these transmitters regulate many aspects of everyday behavior.

Monoamines are only released during sleep.

Monoamines are a type of neurotransmitter that play a crucial role in regulating various behaviors in the brain and body.

Explanation

Monoamines are a type of neurotransmitter that play a crucial role in regulating various behaviors in the brain and body.