Physics Topic 11: Wave Phenomena

Standing waves are specifically the result of the propagation of a wave against a boundary or wall followed by its reflected wave, leading to the formation of a stationary pattern with unique properties as described in the correct answer.

The modes of vibration in strings and air vary based on whether the pipes are open or closed, leading to different resonance patterns.

Standing waves and travelling waves have distinct characteristics that differentiate them in terms of motion and propagation. The correct answer should be considered in relation to these differences.

The Doppler effect is specifically related to frequency changes, not wavelength. It is not limited to light waves, and it does rely on the motion of either the observer or emitter.

The Doppler effect is the change in frequency or wavelength of a wave in relation to an observer who is moving relative to the wave source. In this specific scenario, the source is moving towards observer B and away from observer A, leading to a difference in the time intervals of wavecrests reaching each observer.

The Doppler effect equations for sound involve calculating the shift in frequency of sound waves due to the relative motion between the source and the observer. This is different from calculating angular speed, electrical resistance, or gravitational potential energy.

The Doppler effect is commonly used to measure speed by observing changes in frequency or wavelength of a wave as a source moves relative to an observer. This change can provide information on the speed at which the source is moving, such as in the case of measuring the speed of a moving vehicle using radar.

The variation with angle of diffraction of the relative intensity of light diffracted at a single slit typically forms a distinct pattern shown in the image, rather than being a straight line, parabolic curve, or a series of random spikes.

The correct answer explains that the formula relates to the position of the first minimum in the diffraction pattern through a single slit. It is important to understand the concept of angular widths in diffraction patterns to arrive at the correct answer.

The question asks for a sketch of the intensity variation with angle of diffraction, not a mathematical formula, description in words, or reference to a specific experiment.

Polarized light refers to light where vibrations are restricted to only one direction, unlike regular light which has vibrations in every direction.

Polarization by reflection involves partially polarized light, not fully polarized light. Additionally, reflected light is usually partially polarized, not always unpolarized. Polarization by reflection is a general phenomenon and not limited to specific materials only.

Polarization in the determination of concentration is based on the angle of rotation of the plane of vibration, not changes in color, viscosity, or density.

Liquid-crystal displays (LCDs) work by using liquid crystals to modulate the passage of light through the display, unlike plasma displays. Additionally, LCDs do not emit light from individual pixels but instead rely on external light sources. Lastly, LCD displays do not use mechanical gears to adjust pixel brightness, but rather rely on electric fields applied to liquid crystals.