Comprehensive Guide to Perioperative Nursing: Phases and Anesthesia

The correct answers emphasize proper assessment and intervention to ensure the patient's well-being and recovery post-operatively.

Pneumonia typically presents with respiratory symptoms such as cough, dyspnea, and chest pain along with systemic symptoms like fever and chills. The care implementations involve monitoring vital signs, promoting lung function, ensuring adequate hydration, and managing pain and infection.

Atelectasis primarily presents with respiratory symptoms rather than systemic symptoms. The incorrect answers provide signs and symptoms that are not typically associated with atelectasis, and the implementations suggested are not relevant to caring for atelectasis.

Perioperative nursing encompasses a wide range of responsibilities including preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative care, as well as collaboration with various healthcare professionals in surgical settings.

The post-operative phase includes the entire process from admission to the recovery room to complete recovery and follow-up visits, not just specific points within that timeframe.

General Anesthesia has three distinct phases - Induction, Maintenance, and Emergence. Each phase serves a specific purpose in ensuring the patient remains unconscious and safe during the surgery process.

Regional anesthesia involves injecting anesthetic near a nerve to block signals to the brain. Nerve ablation is the destruction of nerve tissue, which is different from regional anesthesia. General anesthesia affects the entire body, while local anesthesia numbs a specific area.

Conscious sedation is a form of sedation where the patient remains awake and responsive during the procedure, making it ideal for short-term and minimally invasive procedures.

Informed consent goes beyond just a simple agreement for a medical procedure. It involves providing thorough information about the procedure, risks, qualified personnel, patient rights, and expected outcomes. Without these components, the patient may not be fully informed to make a decision.

In medical terms, shock refers to a condition in which there is a loss of circulating fluid, leading to inadequate perfusion of tissues and organs.

Hemorrhage is specifically defined as excessive blood loss that can lead to shock, requiring specific nursing interventions to address the critical condition.

Thrombophlebitis specifically refers to the inflammation of a vein due to the formation of a blood clot, usually caused by venous stasis. The condition is not related to arteries, muscles, or bones.

Atelectasis is a condition where there is incomplete expansion or collapse of alveoli in the lungs, leading to difficulty in breathing. It is different from inflammation of the appendix, excessive fluid in the lungs, and high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs.

Exploratory, cosmetic, and investigational surgeries do not fall under the defined types of surgical procedures mentioned in the correct answer.

General anesthesia involves complete unconsciousness, regional anesthesia targets specific nerves or areas, and conscious sedation allows for minimal sedation during procedures.

The correct answer provides a detailed list of pre-operative nursing care responsibilities including pre-op tests, pre-op checklist, and additional duties. The incorrect answers refer to different phases of care in the nursing process, making them incorrect choices.

Informed consent is a process involving detailed explanation of procedure, risks, and alternatives, ensuring patient understanding and autonomy.

The correct items of nursing care that must be done immediately pre-op are to ensure consent is signed, dress the patient appropriately, and ensure the pre-op checklist is completed for a smooth hand-off to the operating room.

The responsibilities of a nurse during the intraoperative phase include updating family, positioning the patient, draping for sterility, documenting, handing instruments, and verifying patient and operative site before the procedure. Checking IV fluids, administering anesthesia, and preparing the operating room are not typically nurse responsibilities during the intraoperative phase.

Immediate post-op care requires frequent monitoring and assessment of the patient's condition, while on-going post-op care involves less frequent but still consistent monitoring and assessment. Both types of care are essential for ensuring the patient's recovery and well-being post-surgery.

Hemorrhage signs and symptoms involve excessive blood loss leading to shock, while care implementations involve nursing interventions similar to shock treatment. The incorrect answers provided do not accurately reflect the signs, symptoms, and care needed for hemorrhage.

Thrombophlebitis specifically refers to inflammation of a vein, often in the legs. The signs and symptoms mentioned in the correct answer are related to this condition, while the incorrect answers describe symptoms of other unrelated health issues and incorrect care methods.

The pre-operative phase starts with the decision to have surgery and ends when the patient is transferred to the operating room or procedural bed, involving all preparations and assessments before the surgery itself.

The intra-operative phase in healthcare extends from the patient's admission to the surgical department to when they are transferred to the recovery room. It involves procedures during the surgical process and immediate post-operative care.

A pulmonary embolus is a clot or foreign substance that travels to another area, commonly referring to a blood clot that blocks blood flow to the lungs.

Pneumonia is an inflammation of the alveoli in the lungs most commonly caused by infection or inhalation of foreign material.

Risk factors for patients facing surgery are related to their health and lifestyle habits, not arbitrary preferences or unrelated factors.