Part #1 System

1. What is the main function of the mouth in the digestion process?

Where the food is broken down into smaller molecules through chemical reactions.

Where the absorption of nutrients takes place.

Where waste products are eliminated from the body.

Where the digestion begins with the teeth tearing up the food (mechanical digestion).

The mouth is where the digestion process begins with the mechanical digestion of food by the teeth tearing it up into smaller pieces.

Explanation

The mouth is where the digestion process begins with the mechanical digestion of food by the teeth tearing it up into smaller pieces.

2. What are teeth?

Connective tissues that hold the teeth in place.

A type of bone found in the human body.

Instruments in the mouth used to tear and grind the food in order to digest.

Sensory organs responsible for tasting food.

Teeth are hard, calcified structures used for breaking down food during the process of digestion. They are not bones, connective tissues, or sensory organs.

Explanation

Teeth are hard, calcified structures used for breaking down food during the process of digestion. They are not bones, connective tissues, or sensory organs.

3. What is saliva?

Liquid in the mouth that helps digestion

A type of hand gesture.

A type of dance move.

A type of fruit juice.

Saliva is a clear liquid made by the glands in your mouth that helps to soften, break down, and digest food.

Explanation

Saliva is a clear liquid made by the glands in your mouth that helps to soften, break down, and digest food.

4. What is a bolus?

Ball of lubricated food

A type of medication

A type of exercise

A small mammal

A bolus refers to a ball of lubricated food that is formed in the mouth during the process of digestion.

Explanation

A bolus refers to a ball of lubricated food that is formed in the mouth during the process of digestion.

5. What is the medical term for the throat?

Throat

Trachea

Esophagus

Larynx

The pharynx is the correct answer as it refers to the space in the back of the oral and nasal cavities. The esophagus is the tube that connects the throat to the stomach. The trachea is the windpipe located in front of the esophagus. The larynx is commonly known as the voice box.

Explanation

The pharynx is the correct answer as it refers to the space in the back of the oral and nasal cavities. The esophagus is the tube that connects the throat to the stomach. The trachea is the windpipe located in front of the esophagus. The larynx is commonly known as the voice box.

6. What is the function of the epiglottis?

It is a gland that produces saliva.

It is a muscle that helps in digestion.

Flap of tissue which covers the trachea (windpipe) in order for food to go down the

It is a bone in the throat responsible for breathing.

The epiglottis is a crucial part of the respiratory system that prevents food from entering the airway during swallowing. It is not a muscle, bone, or gland.

Explanation

The epiglottis is a crucial part of the respiratory system that prevents food from entering the airway during swallowing. It is not a muscle, bone, or gland.

7. What is another term for the trachea?

Larynx

Bronchi

Windpipe

Esophagus

The trachea is commonly known as the windpipe due to its role in facilitating air flow to and from the lungs. The esophagus is the tube that connects the throat to the stomach, the bronchi are the two main branches of the trachea that lead into the lungs, and the larynx is commonly known as the voice box.

Explanation

The trachea is commonly known as the windpipe due to its role in facilitating air flow to and from the lungs. The esophagus is the tube that connects the throat to the stomach, the bronchi are the two main branches of the trachea that lead into the lungs, and the larynx is commonly known as the voice box.

8. What is the function of the esophagus?

Produces digestive enzymes

Tube for passage of food from pharynx to stomach

Helps with breathing

Stores bile

The esophagus is a tube that connects the throat (pharynx) with the stomach. Its main function is to carry food and liquids from the mouth to the stomach for digestion.

Explanation

The esophagus is a tube that connects the throat (pharynx) with the stomach. Its main function is to carry food and liquids from the mouth to the stomach for digestion.

9. What is peristalsis?

A bone found in the human skull

A type of plant cell photosynthesis process

The wavelike movement in which food is moved through the esophagus

A computer programming language used for web development

Peristalsis is the wavelike movement in which muscles contract and relax to push food through the digestive system, not related to plant cells, human bones, or computer programming languages.

Explanation

Peristalsis is the wavelike movement in which muscles contract and relax to push food through the digestive system, not related to plant cells, human bones, or computer programming languages.

10. What is the function of the stomach?

J shaped organ that stores and breaks down food, produces gastric juice.

Flat, triangular organ that filters blood and detoxifies chemicals.

Long tube-like organ responsible for absorbing nutrients from food.

Balloon-shaped organ that stores bile produced by the liver.

The stomach is a J shaped organ that plays a crucial role in the digestion process by storing and breaking down food, as well as producing gastric juice to aid in digestion.

Explanation

The stomach is a J shaped organ that plays a crucial role in the digestion process by storing and breaking down food, as well as producing gastric juice to aid in digestion.

11. What are rugae?

Layers of skin on the hands and feet.

Small bone fragments found in the ear.

Nerve cells in the brain responsible for memory storage.

Flaps of tissues in the stomach that move when the stomach moves

Rugae are actually folds of tissues in the stomach that allow for expansion and contraction of the stomach lining during digestion.

Explanation

Rugae are actually folds of tissues in the stomach that allow for expansion and contraction of the stomach lining during digestion.

12. What is chyme?

Thick liquid form of food that leaves the stomach

A type of bacteria found in yogurt.

A type of muscle found in the human body.

A type of grain used in baking.

Chyme is the result of food mixing with gastric juices in the stomach and is an important part of the digestion process.

Explanation

Chyme is the result of food mixing with gastric juices in the stomach and is an important part of the digestion process.

13. What are gastric juices composed of?

Saliva, bile, & pancreatic enzymes

Juices that stomach produces: mucus, pepsin, & hydrochloric acid

Lemon juice, vinegar, & soy sauce

Water, sugar, & salt

Gastric juices are specifically produced by the stomach and contain mucus to protect the stomach lining, pepsin to break down proteins, and hydrochloric acid to help with digestion.

Explanation

Gastric juices are specifically produced by the stomach and contain mucus to protect the stomach lining, pepsin to break down proteins, and hydrochloric acid to help with digestion.

14. What is the function of pepsin in the digestive system?

Vitamin that boosts immune system

Enzyme that begins the digestion of proteins

Mineral that aids in bone growth

Hormone that regulates appetite

Pepsin is an enzyme produced in the stomach that helps break down proteins into smaller peptides for easier absorption and digestion.

Explanation

Pepsin is an enzyme produced in the stomach that helps break down proteins into smaller peptides for easier absorption and digestion.

15. What is the primary function of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?

To regulate blood sugar levels.

To stimulate the production of bile.

To neutralize stomach acids.

Strong acid, needed to make the stomach acidic

Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid needed to create an acidic environment in the stomach, which is essential for digesting food and killing harmful bacteria.

Explanation

Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid needed to create an acidic environment in the stomach, which is essential for digesting food and killing harmful bacteria.