Orofacial Anatomy Lect, Exam 2

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1. What is the main difference between an artery and a vein?

Explanation

Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, while veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Arteries are larger and more numerous than veins, facilitating the distribution of oxygenated blood throughout the body.

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Orofacial Anatomy Lect, Exam 2 - Quiz

32 questions?MC, matching, T& F (5), last few-fill-in-blank (4)

2. Which artery is the primary blood supply for the muscles of mastication?

Explanation

The maxillary artery, specifically its 2nd branch, is the primary artery that supplies blood to the muscles of mastication. The inferior alveolar artery, facial artery, and superior thyroid artery are not the main blood supply for these muscles.

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3. What is the vein that drains the Infratemporal fossa?

Explanation

The Pterygoid plexus of veins is responsible for draining the Infratemporal fossa. This intricate network of veins eventually merges into the internal jugular vein allowing for effective drainage of the area.

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4. What are the parts of the Maxillary Artery?

Explanation

The Maxillary Artery is the largest terminal branch of the External Carotid artery and has three main parts: Mandibular, Pterygoid, and Pterygopalatine parts. This artery plays a significant role in supplying blood to the areas of the face, jaw, and oral cavity.

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5. What is the function of the Pterygoid Plexus of veins? Why would you not want to inject into it?

Explanation

The pterygoid plexus of veins has a specific function related to protecting the maxillary artery and is not involved in the provided incorrect answers.

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6. Which arteries branch from the Facial artery?

Explanation

The Facial artery branches into several arteries that supply specific areas of the face, while the incorrect options mentioned are arteries that supply blood to other parts of the body.

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7. Which muscle divides the three parts of the Maxillary Artery?

Explanation

The lateral pterygoid muscle divides the three parts of the Maxillary Artery into multiple branches, allowing for proper blood supply to various structures in the head and neck region.

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8. What primary structures are located within the Carotid sheath?

Explanation

The carotid sheath contains the internal & common carotid arteries, internal jugular vein, and Vagus nerve. The options provided in the incorrect answers do not correspond to structures typically found within the carotid sheath.

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9. Which branch of the external carotid artery supplies the teeth?

Explanation

The correct answer is the Maxillary artery, as it is the main blood supply for the teeth in the oral cavity. The other arteries listed may have various functions but do not specifically supply blood to the teeth.

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10. What does the Pterygoid plexus of veins drain directly into and what is the major vein it drains into?
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11. Where do the Incisive & Lingual nerves merge?

Explanation

The Incisive & Lingual nerves merge just posterior to the mental foramen, as they both come from the Trigeminal nerve, V3.

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12. Which muscles are involved in mastication?

Explanation

The muscles involved in mastication are primarily the Masseter, Temporalis, Medial Pterygoid, and Lateral Pterygoid muscles, innervated by specific nerves. The incorrect answers provided are not directly related to the muscles involved in chewing food.

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13. Which nerves innervate the soft palate?

Explanation

The soft palate is innervated by the Vagus (X), glossopharyngeal (IX), and accessory (XII) nerves, which are responsible for various motor and sensory functions related to the soft palate.

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14. What major nerve comes out of the Pterygopalatine Fossa?

Explanation

The correct answer is the Trigeminal nerve (V?2 maxillary nerve) which originates from the Pterygopalatine Fossa. The Facial nerve (VII), Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), and Vagus nerve (X) do not originate from the Pterygopalatine Fossa.

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15. What is the definition of Trigeminal ganglion, Ganglion, Synapse, Neuron?

Explanation

The incorrect answers provided do not accurately define the terms Trigeminal ganglion, Ganglion, Synapse, and Neuron. Each incorrect answer misrepresents the actual definitions of these terms, leading to confusion for the individual answering the question.

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16. What process involves the release of neurotransmitters across the synapse and binding to receptors on the membrane of another cell?

Explanation

Action Potential/Resting Potential refers to the process of neurotransmitters being released across the synapse and binding to receptors on the membrane of another cell. The other options do not accurately describe this specific process.

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17. What are the names and functions of the 12 cranial nerves?

Explanation

The 12 cranial nerves each have unique names and functions that involve various aspects of sensation and motor control in the head and neck region.

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18. Which cranial nerve(s) innervates the tongue for taste sensation?

Explanation

Multiple cranial nerves are involved in innervating different parts of the tongue for taste sensation.

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19. What is the primary function of the spinal cord in the central nervous system?

Explanation

The spinal cord is responsible for coordinating autonomic reflexes without the brain's involvement, acting as a link between the brain and the body's functions.

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20. What does the Sympathetic NS control?

Explanation

The Sympathetic NS primarily controls voluntary muscle movements and is responsible for the fight or flight response, shutting down salivary gland secretion, raising heart rate, constricting blood vessels, and raising blood pressure.

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21. What is the definition of a two-neuron chain?

Explanation

A two-neuron chain involves two sets of neurons where the cell body of the 1st neuron is in the CNS and its axon synapses with the 2nd motor neuron outside the CNS in an autonomic ganglion.

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22. Which cranial nerve innervates facial muscles, lacrimal gland, and salivary glands?

Explanation

The facial nerve (CN VII) is responsible for innervating the muscles of facial expression, lacrimal gland, and submandibular & sublingual salivary glands. It also carries taste and sensory information. It exits the skull through the stylomastoid foramen and travels through the parotid salivary gland.

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23. Which of the following is innervated by the Posterior Superior Alveolar nerve (PSA) afferent?

Explanation

The Posterior Superior Alveolar nerve (PSA) afferent innervates specific areas outlined in the correct answer, including the Maxillary molars, mucous membranes of the maxillary sinus, and buccal periodontium/gingiva of molars, except where the MSA is present.

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24. What is the innervation of the Anterior Superior Alveolar nerve (ASA) in dentistry?

Explanation

The Anterior Superior Alveolar nerve (ASA) primarily innervates the Maxillary anteriors and labial periodontium/gingiva of anteriors to the midline. Therefore, the correct answer is that it innervates Maxillary anteriors and their associated structures.

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25. What is the main function of the Parasympathetic Nervous System (rest-and-digest)?

Explanation

The Parasympathetic Nervous System is responsible for calming the body down after a stressful situation, promoting rest-and-digest activities such as salivary flow to aid in digestion, slowing heart rate, increasing intestinal activity, and relaxing muscles.

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26. What is the Sympathetic Stimulation Effect of salivary gland secretion?

Explanation

The sympathetic stimulation effect of salivary gland secretion is an example of the body's response to activation of the sympathetic nervous system, leading to increased saliva production.

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27. What is the purpose of a PSA nerve block?

Explanation

A PSA nerve block specifically targets the PSA nerve to provide numbness to the upper molars and surrounding areas for dental procedures.

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28. Aortic trunk, Brachiocephalic trunk, Common carotid, External/right/left common arterywhat muscles do they branch off into?

Explanation

This question is related to the branches of the aorta and its main arteries that supply blood to different parts of the body. The correct answer 'i' refers to the muscles these arteries branch off into, while the incorrect answers do not accurately represent the correct branching patterns.

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29. Which vein drains facial areas related to facial expressions?

Explanation

The facial vein drains into the internal jugular vein after collecting blood from the facial areas involved in facial expressions.

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30. What structures does the Maxillary artery innervate?

Explanation

The Maxillary artery is a branch of the external carotid artery and primarily supplies blood to structures of the face, not the lower limbs, spinal cord, or small intestine.

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What is the main difference between an artery and a vein?
Which artery is the primary blood supply for the muscles of...
What is the vein that drains the Infratemporal fossa?
What are the parts of the Maxillary Artery?
What is the function of the Pterygoid Plexus of veins? Why would you...
Which arteries branch from the Facial artery?
Which muscle divides the three parts of the Maxillary Artery?
What primary structures are located within the Carotid sheath?
Which branch of the external carotid artery supplies the teeth?
What does the Pterygoid plexus of veins drain directly into and what...
Where do the Incisive & Lingual nerves merge?
Which muscles are involved in mastication?
Which nerves innervate the soft palate?
What major nerve comes out of the Pterygopalatine Fossa?
What is the definition of Trigeminal ganglion, Ganglion, Synapse,...
What process involves the release of neurotransmitters across the...
What are the names and functions of the 12 cranial nerves?
Which cranial nerve(s) innervates the tongue for taste sensation?
What is the primary function of the spinal cord in the central nervous...
What does the Sympathetic NS control?
What is the definition of a two-neuron chain?
Which cranial nerve innervates facial muscles, lacrimal gland, and...
Which of the following is innervated by the Posterior Superior...
What is the innervation of the Anterior Superior Alveolar nerve (ASA)...
What is the main function of the Parasympathetic Nervous System...
What is the Sympathetic Stimulation Effect of salivary gland...
What is the purpose of a PSA nerve block?
Aortic trunk, Brachiocephalic trunk, Common carotid,...
Which vein drains facial areas related to facial expressions?
What structures does the Maxillary artery innervate?
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