Microbial Infections and Diseases Quiz

Q Fever is a disease caused by the bacteria Coxiella burnetii that typically presents with symptoms of pneumonia and hepatitis.

Sulphur Granules are caused by Actinomyces israelii, which is a filamentous, gram-positive anaerobe commonly found in the oral cavity.

Chlamydia pneumoniae is a type of bacteria that commonly causes atypical pneumonia as well as upper and lower respiratory infections. The incorrect answers, such as common cold, strep throat, and influenza, are caused by different pathogens and have distinct symptoms and treatment protocols.

Trachoma is actually caused by the bacteria Clamydia trachomatis, primarily affecting areas in Africa. It is not caused by viral or parasitic infections.

Reiter's Syndrome is actually caused by an autoimmune response where antibodies against C. trachomatis attack the urethra, joints, and uveal tract.

Rickettsia tutsugamushi causes scrub typhus, presenting with vasculitis at the site of the lesion, rash, edema, hemorrhage, and bacteremia. The disease is transmitted by mites or chiggers through their bites. The incorrect answers provided describe other diseases caused by different pathogens and transmitted through various vectors, each with distinct clinical features and transmission modes.

Ehrlichiosis primarily presents with symptoms such as fever, headache, myalgia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and liver dysfunction. It is caused by the bacterium Ehrlichia chaffensis transmitted by the Lone Star tick and infects monocytes. Options 1 and 3 describe symptoms of other conditions, while option 2 describes symptoms of a different tick-borne illness known as Rocky Mountain spotted fever.

The correct answer is Leptospirosis as the picture likely shows symptoms associated with this bacterial infection, such as jaundice, fever, and muscle pain. Influenza, Malaria, and Dengue are not typically associated with these symptoms.

The correct answer is Leishmaniasis, which is a parasitic disease caused by the Leishmania parasite transmitted through the bites of infected sandflies. The picture might show the characteristic skin lesions or other symptoms associated with Leishmaniasis.

The correct answer describes the specific organism (Entamoeba hystolytica) and its behavior, supported by the image showing a cyst with 4 nuclei. The incorrect answers provide alternative scenarios that do not align with the characteristics presented in the attached picture.

Entamoeba hystolytica has a distinctive life cycle involving cyst ingestion and trophozoite colonization of the colon and ascending intestine.

Metronidazole is an antibiotic used to treat infections caused by certain types of bacteria and other organisms, including Entamoeba hystolytica and Giardia lamblia. It is not used to treat conditions such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, or migraine headaches.

Trichomonas vaginalis is a sexually transmitted parasite that causes trichomoniasis. It is characterized by its distinct jerky motion on wet-mount slides. Giardia lamblia is a common cause of gastrointestinal illness, Entamoeba histolytica causes amoebiasis, and Plasmodium falciparum causes malaria. While these parasites may have trophozoites present, they do not exhibit the jerky motion seen in Trichomonas vaginalis.

Toxoplama gondi has a complex life cycle involving intermediate hosts such as humans and mammals, with cysts being ingested in undercooked meat or cat feces. The incorrect answers provided do not accurately describe the life cycle of Toxoplama gondi.

Hemaglobinurea specifically refers to the presence of black urine, which is typically a sign of acute renal failure. Blood in the urine may present as red or pink, not black. Yellow or green urine may indicate other conditions but not hemaglobinurea.

The Duffy Antigen, specifically the FyFy lack, prevents infection with P. vivax. P. ovale generally takes over in individuals lacking this antigen.

The correct treatment for P. falciporum infection is a combination of doxycycline/quinine or atovaquone/proquanil. Mefloquine, Chloroquine, and Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) are not the recommended treatment options for P. falciporum.

These incorrect answers provide inaccurate information about the life cycle of malaria, including the entry point of the parasite, the organs affected, and the mode of transmission. The correct answer outlines the sequential steps involved in the development of malaria parasites within the host and the role of different body parts in the lifecycle.

Chagas Disease is a parasitic infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. The early signs include facial edema, nodule at the bite site, lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly. The incorrect answers describe symptoms that are typically not associated with Chagas Disease.

Myocarditis, megacolon, cardiac arrythmia, and megaesophagus are all symptoms commonly associated with Chronic Chagas, which is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Acute Gastritis caused by H. pylori may present with different symptoms. Rheumatic fever caused by Streptococcus pyogenes primarily affects the heart and joints. Lyme Disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi manifests with symptoms such as erythema migrans, arthritis, and neurological issues.

Trypanosoma cruzi has a complex life cycle involving different stages within the Reduviid bug vector and mammalian host.

The correct way to diagnose Chagas disease is by finding trypomastigotes in blood, as they are the parasites responsible for the infection.

African Sleeping Sickness is caused by the protozoan parasites Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of Chagas disease, Plasmodium falciparum causes malaria, and Leishmania donovani causes visceral leishmaniasis.

The Tsetse Fly is known to transmit African Sleeping Sickness caused by the parasites T. gambiense or T. rhodesiense.

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is caused by parasites of the Leishmania genus, specifically Leishmania tropica or Leishmania mexicana.

Leishmania braziliensis is the species responsible for Mucocutaneous Leishmania. While Leishmania donovani causes Visceral Leishmaniasis, Leishmania major causes Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, and Leishmania mexicana causes Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis.

Visceral leishmaniasis is caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani, which is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected sandflies.