Language Disorders Chapter 1

1. What is the 'Normative' Perspective on DLDs?

A disorder that is not influenced by environmental factors.

The belief that DLDs are always caused by physical trauma.

The characterization of an impairment based on the average of deviations in levels of ability across a group of similar people.

A diagnostic approach solely based on genetic markers.

The 'normative' perspective on DLDs involves looking at deviations in abilities across a group to characterize the impairment, rather than focusing on environmental, genetic, or physical trauma factors.

Explanation

The 'normative' perspective on DLDs involves looking at deviations in abilities across a group to characterize the impairment, rather than focusing on environmental, genetic, or physical trauma factors.

2. What is the 'Naturalist' Perspective on DLDs?

Viewing DLDs as a purely biological issue unrelated to societal influence.

Believing that DLDs are caused solely by environmental factors such as upbringing or education.

Ignoring the impact of language impairments on an individual's social interactions and daily functioning.

The measuring of the impact of a language impairment on a person's ability to function in everyday society, taking into account societal values and expectations of individual behaviour.

The 'Naturalist' Perspective takes into consideration both the biological aspect of language impairments as well as the influence of societal values and expectations on an individual's ability to function.

Explanation

The 'Naturalist' Perspective takes into consideration both the biological aspect of language impairments as well as the influence of societal values and expectations on an individual's ability to function.

3. What are examples of normative criteria used in DLD diagnoses?

Chronological age expectations, overall level of cognitive ability

Favorite food, shoe size

Blood type, number of siblings

Eye color, height

Normative criteria used in DLD diagnoses typically focus on developmental milestones and cognitive abilities rather than physical characteristics or personal preferences.

Explanation

Normative criteria used in DLD diagnoses typically focus on developmental milestones and cognitive abilities rather than physical characteristics or personal preferences.

4. What are examples of naturalist criterion used in DLD diagnoses?

Social media usage, technology proficiency, financial literacy

Assessing difficulties in societal relationships, academic achievement, employment

Physical appearance, musical talent, athletic abilities

Knowledge of current events, fluency in multiple languages, artistic skills

Naturalist criterion in DLD diagnoses focuses on areas related to functioning in natural, everyday settings such as societal relationships, academic achievement, and employment. The incorrect answers do not align with the criteria used for DLD diagnoses.

Explanation

Naturalist criterion in DLD diagnoses focuses on areas related to functioning in natural, everyday settings such as societal relationships, academic achievement, and employment. The incorrect answers do not align with the criteria used for DLD diagnoses.

5. Why are both naturalist perspectives and normative perspectives considered necessary for diagnosis?

Naturalist perspectives focus solely on individual pragmatic factors without considering societal and contextual aspects.

Naturalist perspectives alone are sufficient to determine the level of language impairment and intervention needed.

Normative perspectives alone are enough to identify language behaviours across different modalities.

Naturalist perspectives can show a broad range of language behaviours across different modalities but it does not show what level intervention is needed at or decide what constitutes a language impairment. Normative perspectives take contextual, societal and individual pragmatic factors into account.

Both naturalist perspectives and normative perspectives complement each other in providing a comprehensive understanding of language behaviours and determining appropriate interventions for language impairments.

Explanation

Both naturalist perspectives and normative perspectives complement each other in providing a comprehensive understanding of language behaviours and determining appropriate interventions for language impairments.

6. What is language?

A form of communication limited to spoken words.

A tool used for writing novels and poems.

A type of computer programming code.

A shared set of rules on expression shared across a group of people.

Language is not solely verbal and includes various forms of expression beyond spoken words. It goes beyond just being a tool for writing and is not exclusive to computer programming code.

Explanation

Language is not solely verbal and includes various forms of expression beyond spoken words. It goes beyond just being a tool for writing and is not exclusive to computer programming code.

7. What is speech?

The spoken form of language.

Written language.

Physical gestures.

Musical notes.

Speech refers to the spoken form of language, involving the articulation of sounds to convey meaning.

Explanation

Speech refers to the spoken form of language, involving the articulation of sounds to convey meaning.

8. What is communication?

Sending text messages

Driving a car

Transferring information from a giver to a recipient.

Playing video games

Communication involves the process of transferring information from one party to another, not necessarily tied to specific actions such as sending text messages, playing video games, or driving a car.

Explanation

Communication involves the process of transferring information from one party to another, not necessarily tied to specific actions such as sending text messages, playing video games, or driving a car.

9. What are the domains of language?

A. Form - Phonetics, Semantics, Discourse. Content - Syntax. Use - Pragmatics.

Form - Morphology, Syntax and PhonologyContent - Semantics Use - Pragmatics

C. Form - Morphology, Syntax, Phonology. Content - Pragmatics. Use - Semantics.

B. Form - Syntax, Semantics, Pragmatics. Content - Phonology. Use - Morphology.

The correct breakdown of the domains of language includes Form (Morphology, Syntax, Phonology), Content (Semantics), and Use (Pragmatics). Options A and B mix up the domains and do not align with the standard breakdown. Option C has the correct domains but they are not allocated correctly within those domains.

Explanation

The correct breakdown of the domains of language includes Form (Morphology, Syntax, Phonology), Content (Semantics), and Use (Pragmatics). Options A and B mix up the domains and do not align with the standard breakdown. Option C has the correct domains but they are not allocated correctly within those domains.

10. What are some common errors in language content?

Incorrect grammar usage, extensive vocabulary, fluency in multiple languages

Delayed acquisition of first words and phrases, restricted vocabulary, mislabeling.

Limited speech development, advanced vocabulary, correct identification

Early acquisition of words and phrases, diverse vocabulary, accurate labeling

Common errors in language content include delayed acquisition of first words and phrases, restricted vocabulary, and mislabeling. Incorrect options lack the key aspects of typical language development errors.

Explanation

Common errors in language content include delayed acquisition of first words and phrases, restricted vocabulary, and mislabeling. Incorrect options lack the key aspects of typical language development errors.

11. What are some common errors in communication?

Difficulties in conveying narratives, inappropriate timing, poor topic maintenance.

Using excessive jargon, lack of eye contact, interrupting the speaker

Common errors in communication can include difficulties in conveying narratives, inappropriate timing, and poor topic maintenance. Using excessive jargon, lack of eye contact, and interrupting the speaker are also common errors that can hinder effective communication.

Explanation

Common errors in communication can include difficulties in conveying narratives, inappropriate timing, and poor topic maintenance. Using excessive jargon, lack of eye contact, and interrupting the speaker are also common errors that can hinder effective communication.