Anatomy and Mechanics of the Knee Joint

The articulation between the femur and tibia is specifically referred to as the knee joint, allowing for movement and stability in the lower limb.

The knee joint is classified as a hinge-type synovial joint due to its ability to flex and extend like a hinge, allowing movement in only one plane.

The knee joint primarily moves in flexion (bending) and extension (straightening) motions. The incorrect answers refer to movements that do not mainly occur in the knee joint.

The knee joint primarily allows for flexion and extension, and to a lesser extent, rotation. Abduction is a movement away from the midline of the body and does not typically occur in the knee joint.

The tibia is flattened superiorly, meaning it is wider from top to bottom than it is from front to back. This shape helps provide structural support for weight-bearing in the leg.

The correct answer refers to the superior articular surfaces or tibia plateaus being flattened. The incorrect answers provide variations that do not accurately describe the anatomical structures mentioned in the question.

The tibial plateaus are separate by the intercondylar eminence, which is a bony projection found between the two plateaus in the knee joint.

The roughened areas below the tibial plateaus correspond to the medial and lateral condyles of the tibia, which are important structures in the knee joint anatomy.

The correct answer is Tibial tuberosity as it is where the patellar tendon attaches to the tibia, allowing for proper movement of the knee joint.

The tibia descends distally to form the medial malleolus of the ankle, providing stability to the ankle joint.

The femoral condyles are located posteriorly on the distal end of the femur bone.

The Anterior Cruciate ligament (ACL) and Posterior Cruciate ligament (PCL) are attached to the intercondylar eminence of the femur, not the patella, tibia, or fibula.

The attachment site for the medial and lateral meniscus is located on the tibial plateaus, which are the top surfaces of the tibia where the meniscus is firmly anchored.

The articular surface of the femoral condyles are indeed larger than the articular surface of the tibial plateaus, as they form the knee joint where the femur meets the tibia. The incorrect answers were chosen to highlight other anatomical structures that are not directly involved in this specific comparison.

When some 'sliding' occurs in the joint, it can lead to the femoral condyles rolling off the tibial plateaus, which can cause instability and potential issues in the joint.

The fibula is a slender bone in the leg that is non-weight bearing and has a shaft. Its distal end forms the lateral malleolus of the ankle. The tibia is the larger weight-bearing bone in the leg. The patella is the kneecap, not part of the leg. The femur is the thigh bone, not located in the leg.

The question describes the anatomical features related to the head of the fibula, making it the correct answer. The lateral condyle of the tibia articulates with the head of the fibula, the common peroneal nerve lies on it, and the biceps femoris muscle inserts on it.

The correct answer is the patella, which is a sesamoid bone located in the knee joint.

The undersurface of the patella is covered with a thick layer of articular cartilage, specifically hyaline cartilage, which helps in reducing friction during knee movement.

The patella, also known as the kneecap, is the correct answer as it glides superiorly on the femoral intercondylar groove during quadriceps contraction. The femur, tibia, and fibula are incorrect answers as they are bones of the leg and not directly involved in this specific movement.

The patellar ligament, also known as the patellar tendon, attaches the quadriceps muscles to the tibial tuberosity. The correct answer is 'Patella' because the patellar ligament connects the patella (kneecap) to the tibia.

The rectus femoris tendon is also known as the Quadriceps femoris tendon because it is one of the quadriceps muscles located in the anterior thigh. The other options do not refer to the same tendon.

The aponeurotic expansion is a large structure that emerges inferior to the quadriceps muscle and supports the anterior knee along with the rectus femoris tendon. The other options do not fit the description given in the question.

The correct answer states that the strong fibrous capsule of the knee is reinforced for five intrinsic ligaments, not two extrinsic ligaments, three intrinsic ligaments, or four stabilizing ligaments.

The correct answer lists the four intrinsic ligaments of the knee, which are the patellar ligament, oblique popliteal, arcuate popliteal, MCL, and LCL. The incorrect answers provided include other important structures in the knee but do not specifically refer to the intrinsic ligaments requested in the question.

The oblique popliteal ligament is an expansion of the semimembranosus tendon, providing support to the knee joint.

The LCL of the knee is known to have a strand-like appearance and can be easily palpated, making it a distinct feature for identification.

Intra capsular ligaments are ligaments located inside a joint capsule, and they play a crucial role in stabilizing the joint. The correct answer includes the ACL and PCL, which are located within the knee joint. The incorrect answers provided are ligaments from other joints or incorrect types of ligaments for the given question.

The correct answer is ACL (anterior cruciate ligament), which runs from the tibia to the femur. The PCL (posterior cruciate ligament) runs in the opposite direction, from the femur to the tibia. The MCL (medial collateral ligament) is on the inner side of the knee, while the LCL (lateral collateral ligament) is on the outer side.