Understanding Network Structures: TCP/IP and OSI Models Quiz

Computer Science

Information Technology

Grade 10th

IEEE

ISO/IEC

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Quizzes Created: 7387 | Total Attempts: 9,527,791

| Questions: 22 | Updated: Nov 11, 2025

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1. What is an enterprise network?

A network that is open to the public for anyone to use.

A network designed for personal home use only.

A network created by a group of individuals for socializing purposes.

Is created by one enterprise for the purpose of allowing its employees to communicate.

An enterprise network is specifically created by a company or organization for internal communication and sharing of resources among its employees, not open to the public or for personal or social use.

Explanation

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About This Quiz

Explore the foundational concepts of networking with this focus on TCP\/IP and OSI models. This material covers essential protocols and model layers, enhancing understanding for IT professionals and students alike. Ideal for those preparing for networking certifications or seeking a deeper grasp of internet architecture.

2. What first name or nickname would you like us to use?

You may optionally provide this to label your report, leaderboard, or certificate.

2. What does OSI stand for?

Operation System Interface

Outer Space Initiative

Online System Integration

Open System Interconnection

The OSI model is a conceptual framework used to understand network communications.

Explanation

The OSI model is a conceptual framework used to understand network communications.

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3. What does RFC stand for?.

Revised File Code

Random File Converter

Ruby Framework Creator

Request for Comment

RFC stands for Request for Comment, which is a formal document used by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) to develop and publish Internet standards.

Explanation

RFC stands for Request for Comment, which is a formal document used by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) to develop and publish Internet standards.

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4. What are the 4 layers of the TCP/IP model?

Data layer, Transport layer, Network layer, Physical layer

Application layer Transport layer Internet layer Network Interface layer

Application layer, Data link layer, Transport layer, Internet layer

Application layer, Network layer, Transport layer, Data link layer

The correct layers of the TCP/IP model are Application layer, Transport layer, Internet layer, and Network Interface layer as these are the standard layers in the TCP/IP protocol suite.

Explanation

The correct layers of the TCP/IP model are Application layer, Transport layer, Internet layer, and Network Interface layer as these are the standard layers in the TCP/IP protocol suite.

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5. What is the function of the application layer in networking?

The application layer is used to encrypt all data packets transmitted over the network.

The application layer is responsible for physical transmission of data over the network.

The application layer provides an interface between software running on a computer and the network itself.

The application layer manages the routing of data packets within the network.

The application layer is responsible for providing network services directly to end-users. It is the layer where software applications communicate with the network. This layer does not handle the physical transmission of data, encryption of packets, or routing of data packets within the network.

Explanation

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6. What do HTTP and HTML stand for?

Hyper Text Transfer ProtocolHyper Text Markup Language

High Tech Programming, High Tech Markup

HTTP stands for Hyper Text Transfer Protocol and HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language. The other options provided do not accurately represent the acronyms.

Explanation

HTTP stands for Hyper Text Transfer Protocol and HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language. The other options provided do not accurately represent the acronyms.

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7. What is same layer interaction?

Communication that happens between devices at different layers.

Interference caused by electromagnetic waves between devices.

Data transmission between two devices using physical cables.

Communication that happens between two devices at the same layer through the use of headers.The two computers use a protocol... Communication that happens between two devices at the same layer through the use of headers.The two computers use a protocol to communicate with the same layer on another computer. The protocol de?ned by each layer uses a header that is transmitted between the computers, to communicate what each computer wants to do.

Same layer interaction refers to communication between two devices at the same layer of the OSI model, facilitated by headers and protocols. It is distinct from communication across different layers, physical data transmission, or interference.

Explanation

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8. The TCP/IP transport layer consists of two main protocol options: What are they?

Internet Protocol (IP)

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP).

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

The correct answer includes TCP and UDP as the main protocol options for the transport layer in TCP/IP. Internet Protocol (IP) is a network layer protocol, not a transport layer protocol. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application layer protocol used for web communications. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is also an application layer protocol used for email transmissions, not a transport layer protocol.

Explanation

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9. How does TCP provide error-recovery to the application level?

TCP does not provide error-recovery at the application level.

TCP relies on the physical layer for error-recovery.

TCP uses checksums to handle errors at the application level.

TCP provides an error-recovery feature to the application protocols by using acknowledgments

TCP's acknowledgment mechanism ensures that data packets are successfully received and retransmits any lost packets, providing error-recovery at the application level.

Explanation

TCP's acknowledgment mechanism ensures that data packets are successfully received and retransmits any lost packets, providing error-recovery at the application level.

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10. What is adjacent layer interaction?

A process of communication between two layers in the same networking device.

A term used to describe the relationship between layers in different networking devices.

On a single computer, one layer provides a service to a higher layer. The software or hardware that implements the... On a single computer, one layer provides a service to a higher layer. The software or hardware that implements the higher layer requests that the next lower layer perform the needed function.

The interaction between layers that are not directly next to each other in the OSI model.

Adjacent layer interaction refers to the communication and service provision between neighboring layers within the same networking device, as defined by the OSI model.

Explanation

Adjacent layer interaction refers to the communication and service provision between neighboring layers within the same networking device, as defined by the OSI model.

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11. What is the process by which a TCP/IP host sends data (5 Steps)?

Step 2: The application layer sends data directly to the physical layer for transmission.

Step 3: The network access layer directly communicates with the transport layer while skipping the internet layer.

Step 1: The server directly sends data to the client without any encapsulation process.

Step 1 Create and encapsulate the application data with any required application layer headers. For example, the HTTP OK message... Step 1 Create and encapsulate the application data with any required application layer headers. For example, the HTTP OK message can be returned in an HTTP header, followed by part of the contents of a web page.Step 2 Encapsulate the data supplied by the application layer inside a transport layer header. For end-user applications, a TCP or UDP header is typically used. Step 3 Encapsulate the data supplied by the transport layer inside an internet layer (IP) header. IP is the only protocol available in the TCP/IP network model.Step 4 Encapsulate the data supplied by the internet layer inside a network access layer header and trailer. This is the only layer that uses both a header and a trailer. Step 5 Transmit the bits. The physical layer encodes a signal onto the medium to transmit the frame.

The process of sending data in TCP/IP involves a series of encapsulation steps starting from the application layer all the way down to the physical layer for transmission. Each layer adds its own header information to the data before passing it down to the next lower layer.

Explanation

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12. What is the role of layer 5 in the OSI model?

Transport: The transport layer is responsible for end-to-end communication and error-checking.

Network: The network layer handles routing and forwarding of data packets.

Session: The session layer de?nes how to start, control, and end conversations (called sessions). This includes the control and management... Session: The session layer de?nes how to start, control, and end conversations (called sessions). This includes the control and management of multiple bidirectional messages so that the application can be noti?ed if only some of a series of messages are completed. This allows the presentation layer to have a seamless view of an incoming stream of data.

Physical: The physical layer deals with the actual physical connection between devices.

Layer 5 of the OSI model, the session layer, is responsible for managing sessions, including starting, controlling, and ending conversations. It ensures that the application is notified correctly of message completion and provides a seamless view of data for the presentation layer.

Explanation

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13. Describe the network layer in the OSI model.

Session: The session layer establishes, maintains, and terminates communication sessions between end-user application processes. It ensures smooth communication between devices... Session: The session layer establishes, maintains, and terminates communication sessions between end-user application processes. It ensures smooth communication between devices by handling the setup and teardown of connections.

Data Link: The data link layer is responsible for the transfer of data between adjacent network nodes in a network... Data Link: The data link layer is responsible for the transfer of data between adjacent network nodes in a network segment. It provides logical communication between two devices on the same network.

Network: The network layer de?nes three main features: logical addressing, routing (forwarding), and path determination. The routing concepts de?ne... Network: The network layer de?nes three main features: logical addressing, routing (forwarding), and path determination. The routing concepts de?ne how devices (typically routers) forward packets to their ?nal destination. Logical addressing de?nes how each device can have an address that can be used by the routing process. Path determination refers to the work done by routing protocols by which all possible routes are learned, but the best route is chosen for use.

Transport: The transport layer is responsible for end-to-end communication between devices across the network. It ensures data integrity and reliability... Transport: The transport layer is responsible for end-to-end communication between devices across the network. It ensures data integrity and reliability through error detection, flow control, and data segmentation.

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14. Describe layer 2 of the OSI model

Network: The network layer is responsible for routing packets through different networks and ensuring they reach their intended destination.

Application: The application layer allows software applications to communicate over a network, providing services such as email and web browsing.

Transport: The transport layer is responsible for providing end-to-end communication between two devices, handling issues such as reliability and flow... Transport: The transport layer is responsible for providing end-to-end communication between two devices, handling issues such as reliability and flow control.

Data Link: The data link layer de?nes the rules (protocols) that determine when a device can send data over... Data Link: The data link layer de?nes the rules (protocols) that determine when a device can send data over a particular medium. Data link protocols also de?ne the format of a header and trailer that allows devices attached to the medium to send and receive data successfully. The data link trailer, which follows the encapsulated data, typically de?nes a Frame Check Sequence (FCS) ?eld, which allows the receiving device to detect transmission errors.

Layer 2 of the OSI model, which is the Data Link layer, deals with communication between devices on the same network segment, ensuring data is delivered error-free. The other layers mentioned in the incorrect answers have different responsibilities within the OSI model.

Explanation

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15. Describe layer 1 of the OSI model.

Data Link: This layer is responsible for transferring data between adjacent network nodes in a wide area network or between... Data Link: This layer is responsible for transferring data between adjacent network nodes in a wide area network or between nodes on the same local area network segment.

Session: This layer manages communication sessions between computers in a network.

Network: This layer is responsible for addressing, routing and packaging data packets between computers.

Physical: This layer typically refers to standards from other organizations. These standards deal with the physical characteristics of the... Physical: This layer typically refers to standards from other organizations. These standards deal with the physical characteristics of the transmission medium, including connectors, pins, use of pins, electrical currents, encoding, light modulation, and the rules for how to activate and deactivate the use of the physical medium.

Layer 1 of the OSI model, the Physical layer, deals with the physical characteristics of the transmission medium and how data is transmitted over it. The incorrect answers provided describe other layers of the OSI model which perform different functions.

Explanation

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16. What protocols and devices operate at Layer 1?

TCP/IP, DHCP, Switches

FTP, HTTP, Routers

RJ-45, EIA/TIA-232/ Repeaters and Hubs

DNS, POP3, Firewalls

Layer 1 of the OSI model deals with physical connections and transmitting raw binary data over a physical medium. Protocols and devices at Layer 1 focus on the physical aspects of data transmission.

Explanation

Layer 1 of the OSI model deals with physical connections and transmitting raw binary data over a physical medium. Protocols and devices at Layer 1 focus on the physical aspects of data transmission.

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17. Which protocols and devices operate at Layer 2?

TCP/IP, FTP, HTTP, SMTP

ARP, ICMP, DHCP, DNS

Ethernet (IEEE 802.3), HDLC, Frame Relay, PPP / LAN switch, wireless access point, cable modem, DSL modem

IPSec, SSL, TLS, PPTP

Layer 2 of the OSI model is the Data Link Layer. This layer is responsible for node-to-node communication and control flow. Protocols and devices operating at Layer 2 are involved in framing, error detection, and flow control within a single network segment, such as a LAN.

Explanation

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18. Which protocols and devices operate at Layer 4?

SSH, Telnet / hubs

HTTP, DNS / routers

TCP, UDP / no devices

SMTP, FTP / switches

Layer 4 of the OSI model is the Transport layer, responsible for end-to-end communication. Protocols like TCP and UDP operate at this layer for reliable and connectionless communication, while devices such as routers, switches, and hubs operate at lower layers like Layers 2 and 3.

Explanation

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19. Which network model uses the terms 'frames, packets, and segments' and which model refers to encapsulated data as protocol data units (pdus)?

The TCP/IP model uses "frames, packets, etc., while the OSI references

The UDP model uses 'frames, packets, etc., while the IP references Protocol Data Units (PDUs).

The Ethernet model uses 'frames, packets, etc., while the TCP/IP references Protocol Data Units (PDUs).

The OSI model uses 'frames, packets, etc., while the DNS references Protocol Data Units (PDUs).

The TCP/IP model is based on a four-layer model that includes the Application, Transport, Internet, and Link layers. It is commonly associated with terms like frames, packets, and segments. On the other hand, the OSI model consists of seven layers and defines terms like Protocol Data Units (PDUs) for encapsulated data.

Explanation

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20. What does ISO stand for?

The Internal System Organization

The Institute for Standards and Organization

The International Organization for Standardization

The International Safety Organization

ISO stands for The International Organization for Standardization, which is a global body that develops and publishes standards to ensure the quality, safety, and efficiency of products, services, and systems.

Explanation

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21. What does the term encapsulation refer to?

The term encapsulation refers to the process of putting headers and trailers around some data.

Encapsulation is the process of compressing data to reduce file size.

Encapsulation is the term used for encrypting data to secure it during transmission.

Encapsulation refers to the practice of exposing internal implementation details.

Encapsulation in computer science refers to wrapping data in some form of protocol or structure, such as headers and trailers, to provide additional information and context for the data being transmitted or stored.

Explanation

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22. How is data defined at the various levels: 1. Transport layer 2. Internet layer 3. Network Access layer?

1. Frame (TCP) 2. Datagram (IP) 3. Segment

1. Packet (TCP) 2. Frame (IP) 3. Datagram

1. Segment (TCP)2. Packet (IP)3. Frame

1. Datagram (TCP) 2. Segment (IP) 3. Packet

The data at the transport layer is referred to as a segment, at the internet layer it is called a packet, and at the network access layer it is defined as a frame.

Explanation

The data at the transport layer is referred to as a segment, at the internet layer it is called a packet, and at the network access layer it is defined as a frame.

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