Howe's Taxonomy

1. Whose taxonomy is Howe's based on and what are the names of the 4 quadrants?

Freud and Jung

Durkheim and Weber

Marx and Engels

Burrell and Morgan.

Seeker after meaning - The interpretivist

Radical humanist - The raiser of consciousness

Functionalist - The fixer

Radical structuralist - The revolutionary

Howe's taxonomy is based on the work of Burrell and Morgan, not the other mentioned pairs of sociologists/psychologists.

Explanation

Howe's taxonomy is based on the work of Burrell and Morgan, not the other mentioned pairs of sociologists/psychologists.

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2. What are the characteristics of theories that would be assigned to 'The seeker after meaning' quadrant?

* Emphasize societal structures and institutions* Focus on objective facts and data* Prioritize collective experiences over individual perspectives

* Assume a sociology of regulation
* Task is to interpret indivudal's actions and utterances from their perspective
* Emphasis placed on subjective experience with little interest in society's structural arrangements
* E.g. = client centred approaches

The 'The seeker after meaning' quadrant focuses on understanding individuals from their own perspective, rather than societal structures or objective data.

Explanation

The 'The seeker after meaning' quadrant focuses on understanding individuals from their own perspective, rather than societal structures or objective data.

3. What are the characteristics of theories that would be assigned to 'Thefixer' quadrant?

* People are viewed like any other organism, determined by their biology and environment? * ?Subjective realm is irrelevant, interested in how behaviours arise, persist and can be modified ?* ?The aim of practice based on this position is to fix the malfunctioning person or social system so that the individual can continue on as a useful and productive member of society. ?*?Often seen as similar to the medical model

The goal is to maintain the status quo and avoid any form of intervention

Individual's free will and personal choices are the primary focus

The theories emphasize the importance of exploring one's subjective experiences and inner thoughts

4. What are the characteristics of theories that would be assigned to 'The revolutionary' quadrant?

Methods used in this quadrant involve enforcing strict social norms, suppressing dissent, and discouraging collective action.

The holders of this position aim to conform to the system and avoid any form of societal change.

?Underlying assumptions: ? * Problems, from such a perspective, are the result of the way that the social structures treat people.
* The aim of the holders of this position is to work towards changing the system itself
* Methods employed from this position include working alongside people to ensure their rights are met, refusing to act as agents of social control and in fact to promote the expression of discontent with present arrangements, and to collectivise action

Theories in this quadrant focus on maintaining the status quo and upholding existing social structures.

5. What are the characteristics of theories that would be assigned to 'The raiser of consciousness' quadrant?

The core idea of this position is that social institutions are the main source of societal issues. Problems are systemic in nature. The aim of the work is to dismantle oppressive structures and create a more equitable society.

The core idea of this position is that the social world is inherently just and fair. Problems are seen as individual failings. The aim of the work is to promote personal success and achievement.

The core idea of this position is that individuals determine their own reality free from societal influence. Problems are personal in nature. The aim of the work is self-improvement and introspection.

?Underlying assumptions: ?* The core idea of this position is … while people create their own meaning from the social world, the social world is characterised by inequality, oppression and the creation of disadvantage ?* Problems are political in nature ?* Aim of work is therefore to help people to become more politically aware of the source of the problems

The 'The raiser of consciousness' quadrant focuses on the idea that while individuals create their own meaning from the social world, the social world itself is characterized by inequality and oppression. The aim of theories in this quadrant is to raise awareness of political issues and help individuals understand the systemic sources of problems.

Explanation

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