Define The Following Physcratic Terms Quiz

1. What is an ABAB design?

Type of single-subject experiment that alternates between presenting and removing the independent variable manipulation to see its effect on the single participant; also called a reversal design.

A statistical method used to analyze the relationship between two variables in a correlational study.

A research design focusing on qualitative data collection methods.

Type of group study that involves random assignment of participants into experimental and control groups.

2. What was the term Alienists used for during the 18th and 19th centuries?

Astronomers

Bakers

Carpenters

Early term for psychiatrists, used during the 18th and 19th centuries.

The term 'Alienists' was used as an early term for psychiatrists during the 18th and 19th centuries to describe professionals who studied and treated mental illnesses.

Explanation

The term 'Alienists' was used as an early term for psychiatrists during the 18th and 19th centuries to describe professionals who studied and treated mental illnesses.

3. What were asylums historically used for?

Hospitals for physical ailments.

Institutional housing for abnormal people that spread throughout Europe during the Renaissance.

Schools for gifted children.

Prisons for political dissidents.

During the Renaissance, asylums were designed to house individuals with mental health disorders or cognitive disabilities, rather than being used for political prisoners, education, or physical medical treatment.

Explanation

During the Renaissance, asylums were designed to house individuals with mental health disorders or cognitive disabilities, rather than being used for political prisoners, education, or physical medical treatment.

4. What is behavior that disturbs others?

Behavior that is in line with personal values and beliefs.

Behavior that is considered normal by society.

Behavior that is unique and individualistic.

A criterion for abnormality that identifies as abnormal those whose behavior upsets others; is influenced a great deal by social norms and values.

Behavior that disturbs others is a criterion for abnormality in the context of psychological assessments. It is heavily influenced by social norms and values, making it a key factor in determining abnormal behavior.

Explanation

Behavior that disturbs others is a criterion for abnormality in the context of psychological assessments. It is heavily influenced by social norms and values, making it a key factor in determining abnormal behavior.

5. What is bibliotherapy?

Therapy in which people learn and change through completing reading assignments.

Therapy that involves reading books to plants to promote growth.

A form of therapy involving talking to books as a way to express emotions.

A type of physical therapy using books as weights.

Bibliotherapy is a form of therapy where individuals read specific books or materials to aid in their personal growth and development. It is not related to physical therapy, talking to books, or reading to plants.

Explanation

Bibliotherapy is a form of therapy where individuals read specific books or materials to aid in their personal growth and development. It is not related to physical therapy, talking to books, or reading to plants.

6. What perspective sees abnormality as caused by medical illnesses and views mental illnesses as diseases that afflict people?

View abnormality as caused by medical illnesses; they see mental illnesses as diseases that afflict people.

Psychodynamic perspectives

Humanistic perspectives

Cognitive perspectives

Biological perspectives focus on the physical causes of mental illnesses, while psychodynamic perspectives look at unconscious conflicts, cognitive perspectives focus on thoughts and beliefs, and humanistic perspectives emphasize personal growth and self-actualization.

Explanation

Biological perspectives focus on the physical causes of mental illnesses, while psychodynamic perspectives look at unconscious conflicts, cognitive perspectives focus on thoughts and beliefs, and humanistic perspectives emphasize personal growth and self-actualization.

7. What are bodily humors?

Four biological substances identified by the ancient Greeks and long considered important in understanding abnormal behavior; the four humors were black bile, yellow bile, phlegm, and blood.

The four stages of grief according to the Kubler-Ross model.

The four primary taste sensations of sweet, sour, salty, and bitter.

The four main components of the human digestion system.

Bodily humors refer to the four fluids or substances that were believed by ancient Greek physicians to determine a person's health and temperament. These are not related to taste sensations, components of digestion, or stages of grief.

Explanation

Bodily humors refer to the four fluids or substances that were believed by ancient Greek physicians to determine a person's health and temperament. These are not related to taste sensations, components of digestion, or stages of grief.

8. What is a case study?

Type of qualitative design in which a specific instance of something is examined in depth, often using a theoretical perspective to organize the data and to generalize to other instances; its focus can be on a person, a small group, an organization, a partnership, a community, a relationship, a decision, or a project.

A form of survey research that gathers opinions from a large population through questionnaires.

A research method that involves conducting experiments in a controlled setting to collect data.

A statistical analysis technique used to determine the relationship between variables.

A case study is a qualitative research design that focuses on a specific instance analyzed in depth with the use of theory to generalize findings.

Explanation

A case study is a qualitative research design that focuses on a specific instance analyzed in depth with the use of theory to generalize findings.

9. What is categorizing in grounded theory data analysis?

Grounded theory data analysis method in which the researcher examines codes and looks for links among them, eventually sorting them into categories that seem to best fit.

A qualitative research method that focuses on creating new categories based on preconceived theories.

A data analysis approach that ignores codes and focuses solely on visual representation of data.

A quantitative analysis technique involving statistical categorization of data into predetermined groups.

Categorizing in grounded theory data analysis involves examining codes and identifying connections to form categories that best represent the data gathered during the research process.

Explanation

Categorizing in grounded theory data analysis involves examining codes and identifying connections to form categories that best represent the data gathered during the research process.

10. What is the role of clinical psychologists?

Applied psychologists trained in the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of abnormality; compared to counseling psychologists, they often work with clients experiencing more severe presenting problems.

Psychologists specializing in educational interventions and support for students with learning disabilities.

Licensed professionals who provide nutritional advice and guidance to clients.

Individuals who focus on designing and implementing exercise programs for clients.

Clinical psychologists are specialized in assessing, diagnosing, and treating mental health issues, particularly more severe cases, as opposed to the incorrect options which represent different roles in the field of psychology.

Explanation

Clinical psychologists are specialized in assessing, diagnosing, and treating mental health issues, particularly more severe cases, as opposed to the incorrect options which represent different roles in the field of psychology.

11. What is coding in the context of grounded theory data analysis?

Grounded theory data analysis method in which the researcher goes through the data line by line, jotting down relevant phrases and codes; the goal is to distill key ideas.

A process of categorizing survey responses without analyzing the content.

A method of encrypting data for secure transmission.

A way of organizing computer programming languages.

Coding in grounded theory data analysis refers to the process of systematically categorizing and interpreting data to identify key concepts and patterns. It involves breaking down the data into manageable pieces for analysis and interpretation.

Explanation

Coding in grounded theory data analysis refers to the process of systematically categorizing and interpreting data to identify key concepts and patterns. It involves breaking down the data into manageable pieces for analysis and interpretation.

12. What is a confounding variable in an experiment?

Any variable in an experiment that interferes with the independent variable manipulation.

A variable that has no impact on the experiment outcomes.

A variable that is not related to the experiment in any way.

A variable that directly influences the dependent variable.

Confounding variables are factors that can impact the results of an experiment by adding an extra layer of complexity to the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.

Explanation

Confounding variables are factors that can impact the results of an experiment by adding an extra layer of complexity to the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.

13. What is a control group?

A group of researchers who oversee the experiment.

A group of individuals outside the study who provide feedback on the experiment.

A group that receives the experimental treatment.

A group of experimental participants who do not receive the treatment; gives us something to compare the treatment group to.

A control group is essential in experiments to provide a baseline for comparison with the group receiving the treatment.

Explanation

A control group is essential in experiments to provide a baseline for comparison with the group receiving the treatment.

14. What is correlation?

A type of statistical distribution.

When two variables are related; changes in one are systematically associated with changes in the other; correlations can be positive or negative.

A measure of central tendency in statistics.

A statistical measure that indicates the extent to which two or more variables fluctuate together.

Correlation refers to the relationship between two variables and how they change together. It can be positive, indicating they move in the same direction, or negative, indicating they move in opposite directions. It is not specifically a measure of central tendency or a type of distribution.

Explanation

Correlation refers to the relationship between two variables and how they change together. It can be positive, indicating they move in the same direction, or negative, indicating they move in opposite directions. It is not specifically a measure of central tendency or a type of distribution.

15. What is the purpose of correlational research?

Looks at the relationship between two variables to see whether changes in one are systematically tied to changes in the other.

Examines the result of a single variable.

Focuses on proving a hypothesis.

Determines causation between variables.

Correlational research specifically focuses on relationships between variables and does not establish causation. It is different from experiments that aim to prove hypotheses or solely focus on individual variables.

Explanation

Correlational research specifically focuses on relationships between variables and does not establish causation. It is different from experiments that aim to prove hypotheses or solely focus on individual variables.

16. What is the role of counseling psychologists?

Applied psychologists trained to emphasize the emotional strengths and positive aspects of client functioning; compared to clinical psychologists, they often work with clients experiencing less severe presenting problems.

Psychologists focused on criminal behavior and forensic psychology.

Psychologists conducting research on animal behavior and cognitive processes.

Psychologists specializing in pharmaceutical treatments for mental health disorders.

Counseling psychologists are distinct from other types of psychologists in their focus on emotional strengths and working with less severe presenting problems.

Explanation

Counseling psychologists are distinct from other types of psychologists in their focus on emotional strengths and working with less severe presenting problems.

17. What is deinstitutionalization?

Transitioning patients from mental hospitals to long-term care facilities

Wide-scale releasing of patients from mental hospitals; widespread in the latter 20th century at mental institutions across North America and Europe.

Psychiatric treatment within mental hospitals

Confinement of patients within mental hospitals without any treatment

Deinstitutionalization refers to the process of releasing patients from mental hospitals on a wide scale, which was common in the latter 20th century across North America and Europe. This movement aimed to provide community-based care and support for individuals with mental health needs, rather than confining them to institutions.

Explanation

Deinstitutionalization refers to the process of releasing patients from mental hospitals on a wide scale, which was common in the latter 20th century across North America and Europe. This movement aimed to provide community-based care and support for individuals with mental health needs, rather than confining them to institutions.

18. What is the perspective that views abnormal behavior as due to possession by evil spirits?

Psychodynamic perspective

Behavioral perspective

Views abnormal behavior as due to possession by evil spirits; also called the supernatural perspective.

Cognitive perspective

The demonological perspective attributes abnormal behavior to possession by evil spirits, while the other perspectives mentioned focus on different psychological theories and explanations.

Explanation

The demonological perspective attributes abnormal behavior to possession by evil spirits, while the other perspectives mentioned focus on different psychological theories and explanations.

19. What is the dependent variable in an experiment?

The variable that depends on the manipulation of the independent variable; the observed result in an experiment.

The variable that remains constant throughout the experiment.

The variable that is not relevant to the experiment.

The variable that is manipulated in an experiment.

The dependent variable is the one that is observed and measured; it is the outcome or result of the experiment based on the manipulation of the independent variable.

Explanation

The dependent variable is the one that is observed and measured; it is the outcome or result of the experiment based on the manipulation of the independent variable.

20. What is phenomenological research?

A quantitative research method that focuses on numerical data analysis.

An experimental research method that involves manipulating variables to observe outcomes.

Phenomenological research method in which the researcher obtains descriptions of what is being studied from participants.

A case study research method that delves deep into a specific individual or group.

Phenomenological research focuses on understanding the lived experiences of participants and obtaining rich, descriptive data.

Explanation

Phenomenological research focuses on understanding the lived experiences of participants and obtaining rich, descriptive data.

21. What is deviance?

Behavior that only violates legal norms, not social norms.

Behavior that violates social norms and values. Deviant people behave in socially unacceptable ways, but may or may not be viewed as suffering from mental disorders.

Behavior that is commonly accepted by society.

Behavior that adheres strictly to social norms and values.

Deviance refers to behavior that goes against accepted social norms and values, and can vary based on cultural context. It is not necessarily indicative of mental disorders, though some deviant behavior may be recognized as such.

Explanation

Deviance refers to behavior that goes against accepted social norms and values, and can vary based on cultural context. It is not necessarily indicative of mental disorders, though some deviant behavior may be recognized as such.

22. What does DSM stand for?

Disease Screening Mechanism

Data System Management

Diagnostic manual of the American Psychiatric Association.

Doctorate of Science in Medicine

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is a diagnostic manual published by the American Psychiatric Association.

Explanation

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is a diagnostic manual published by the American Psychiatric Association.