Exploring Light: From Speed to Quantum Phenomena

Albert Michelson was not involved in the discovery of penicillin, inventing the telephone, or developing the theory of relativity. His notable work was in the measurement of the speed of light and the Michelson-Morley experiment, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1907.

Michelson's Experiment, specifically the null result obtained, supported the theory that the speed of light is constant and paved the way for Einstein's theory of relativity.

The speed of light in a vacuum is a constant value of approximately 299,792,458 meters per second.

Thomas Young was an English physician and physicist known for his contributions to the wave theory of light and the principle of interference of light.

The correct answer describes the Photoelectric Effect as the process of emitting electrons from metals when light shines on them, leading to the production of photoelectrons.

Albert Einstein proposed that light and all forms of electromagnetic radiation consist of discrete packets of energy called photons, revolutionizing the understanding of light and its behavior.

A photon is a fundamental particle known for carrying energy as a quantum of light or electromagnetic radiation.

Intensity refers to the rate at which energy flows, while frequency is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit of time. Wavelength is the distance between successive crests of a wave, and amplitude is the maximum displacement of a wave from its equilibrium position.

Herschel, Fredick William (1738 - 1822) is primarily known for his groundbreaking work in astronomical spectrophotometry and the discovery of infrared radiation. The incorrect answers provided are not associated with his contributions to science.

The Electromagnetic (EM) Spectrum includes a wide range of electromagnetic radiation beyond just visible light, ranging from radio waves to X rays.

Radio waves are electromagnetic waves used for communication purposes, not related to sound waves, seismic waves, or light waves.

Amplitude Modulation (AM) is specifically the modulation of a wave by varying its amplitude, not frequency modulation or changing the wavelength of a radio wave. It is primarily used for radio broadcasting, not encoding data into a digital signal.

Frequency Modulation refers to the modulation of a radio or other wave by variation of its frequency, especially to carry an audio signal. FM stations typically use frequencies between 88 MHz to 108 MHz.

A television broadcast involves the transmission of visual images and sound through electronic systems, different from analog or digital text communication, or print media distribution.

Microwaves are a type of electromagnetic wave with specific wavelength range and uses as described in the correct answer

Radar is an acronym for Radio Detection and Ranging. It is a system for detecting the presence, direction, distance, and speed of objects by sending out pulses of high-frequency electromagnetic waves.

A radar gun is a specific handheld device used by traffic police to measure the speed of vehicles.

Infrared Radiation falls within a specific range of wavelengths and is emitted by heated objects, unlike harmful radiation or radiation used in cooking food.

The Visible Light Spectrum is a specific range of electromagnetic radiation that is visible to the human eye, with wavelengths between 380 nm to 750 nm. X-rays and radio waves are not part of the visible light spectrum, as they have different wavelengths and are not visible to the naked eye.

Ultraviolet radiation is part of the electromagnetic spectrum but falls outside the range of visible light. It has important biological effects, including the production of vitamin D and the ability to kill bacteria and viruses. It is also responsible for sunburn and skin cancer when exposure is excessive.

X-Rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation used in various fields such as medicine for imaging purposes due to their ability to penetrate materials. They are not related to music genres, photosynthesis, or mammalian species classification.

Gamma Rays have the smallest wavelengths and highest energy level, typically associated with extreme cosmic events and objects in the universe, not everyday household items or visible light.

PET (Positron Emission Tomography) is a medical imaging technique primarily used in the detection and staging of cancer, with a growing application in the diagnosis of certain dementias. The incorrect answers provided do not accurately reflect the primary uses of PET.

Transparent materials have the property of transmitting light, allowing most of the light that strikes them to pass through. This makes them optically clear and enables the visibility of objects on the other side of the material.

Opaque materials do not allow light to pass through them completely like transparent materials nor partially like translucent materials.

An image is a visual representation of an object, not a type of video file, written description, or form of currency.

The correct answer is based on the law of reflection which states that the angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence. This fundamental principle governs how waves, such as light or sound, interact with surfaces.

Diffuse reflection refers to the scattering of light in various directions on the surface, unlike specular reflection which reflects at a specific angle.