Dirty 230 Ch 2

Sigmund Freud is considered the founder of Psychoanalytic Theory due to his pioneering work in the field of psychology, particularly in understanding personality formation and psychosexual development. While Albert Einstein, Marie Curie, and Charles Darwin are renowned for their significant contributions to their respective fields, they are not associated with the development of Psychoanalytic Theory.

According to personality motivation theory, human behavior is driven by instincts and fundamental drives. Libido, the drive for life and pleasure, and thanatos, the drive for destruction and aggression, are considered the two most powerful drives affecting human behavior.

Libido refers to sexual motivation and is considered to be a fundamental aspect of human behavior, according to Freudian psychology. It is seen as a powerful drive that shapes behavior and relationships.

Thanatos, in psychoanalytic theory by Sigmund Freud, represents the death drive or aggressive instincts in individuals. It is considered to be in contrast with Eros, which represents the life instinct or sexual motivations.

In Freudian psychology, the Id is the primitive and instinctive part of the mind that operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification without concern for consequences. It is the source of our sexual and aggressive drives and acts on unconscious desires.

The ego's development is crucial in balancing the demands of reality, conscience, and instinctual needs for the individual's overall personality formation.

The superego is part of Freud's structural model of personality, along with the id and ego. It includes societal and parental values and acts as the conscience of an individual. It develops early in life, by the age of 5, and plays a significant role in regulating behavior through guilt.

The correct answer provides a clear illustration of how the ID, Ego, and Superego function in a specific scenario, showcasing the conflicting desires and moral values at play in a person's decision-making process.

Freud's theory of psychosexual development emphasizes the crucial role of early childhood experiences in shaping one's personality, contrary to the incorrect answers provided which do not align with Freud's beliefs.

The Oral Stage according to Freud's Psychosexual Development theory lasts through the first 18 months of life, and problems in this stage can result in oral fixation behaviors such as cigarette smoking, overeating, fingernail chewing, and alcohol abuse.

Freud believed that the Phallic stage is a critical period in a child's psychosexual development, marked by the Oedipus complex in boys and the Electra complex in girls.

The latency stage occurs before puberty where sexual interest is subdued and children segregate themselves in same-sex groups.

Penis envy, a term coined by Sigmund Freud, refers to the supposed feelings of resentment and longing that women experience towards men due to the anatomical difference. It is based on Freud's theory that girls develop a desire for a penis during the phallic stage of development and resentment towards their lack of one, leading to various psychological effects.

The Oedipal complex, as described by Freud, specifically refers to boys developing a sexual desire for their mother and then transferring that desire onto an acceptable target, typically their father, as a resolution to the conflict.

During the genital stage, sexuality becomes less internally directed and more directed at outside erotic objects.

Behavioral Theory emphasizes the importance of observing and measuring behavior as the key to understanding it, focusing on overt behavior that can be studied objectively.

Operant conditioning, as defined by Skinner, focuses on the impact of rewards and punishments on shaping our behaviors. It is distinct from classical conditioning, which involves associating stimuli with responses.

Behavior modification therapy is based on operant and/or classical conditioning techniques to change behaviors, not medication, psychodynamic therapy, or exposure therapy.

Social learning theory suggests that children learn about their sexuality through imitation and identification with same-sex parent or peers. This theory emphasizes the role of observation, modeling, and reinforcement in shaping sexual behavior and preferences.

Cognitive theory emphasizes the importance of our thoughts in shaping our behavior, rather than solely relying on genetics, external factors, or randomness.

Evolutionary theorists study animal sexual patterns and look for evolutionary trends to understand sexual behavior, incorporating both evolution and sociology to understand sexuality as designed to maximize chances of passing on genes.

Sociological theory emphasizes the impact of society and culture on our sexual behavior, highlighting the variations in sexual norms across different cultural contexts.

Societal influences can shape individual behavior and beliefs, impacting various aspects of life.

Alfred Kinsey was a significant figure in the field of sex research, not in the culinary, astronomical, or political realm. His contributions to understanding human sexuality have had a lasting impact despite facing controversy and stigma.

Masters & Johnson were actually groundbreaking researchers who were the first to measure and observe sexual acts within a laboratory setting, focusing on the anatomy and physiology of sex.

Masters & Johnson's research focused on understanding human sexual response and their findings were critical in shaping our understanding of sexuality.

Informed consent is a crucial ethical consideration in sex research to ensure that participants are fully aware of the research and voluntarily agree to participate. Minors participating in sex research raises additional ethical concerns that must be carefully addressed.

Volunteer bias in sex research can skew the results towards those who are more sexually liberal, making it difficult to generalize findings across different populations.