Science Chapter 5-8

1. Define electric potential difference.

Electric potential difference: total charge in an electric circuit.

Electric potential difference: resistance in an electric circuit.

Electric potential difference: work done per unitcharge to move a positive test charge between A and B. Joule / coulomb = Volt

Electric potential difference: flow of electric current between two points.

The correct definition of electric potential difference is the work done per unit charge to move a positive test charge between two points. It is measured in Joules per Coulomb, which is the unit Volt (V).

Explanation

The correct definition of electric potential difference is the work done per unit charge to move a positive test charge between two points. It is measured in Joules per Coulomb, which is the unit Volt (V).

2. 5.1.2 Determine the change in potential energy when a charge moves between two points at different potentials.

The change in potential energy is equal to the charge squared divided by the distance between the two points.

The change in the electrical potential energy = the work doneMoving from point A (low EP) to point B (high EP)makes charge q gain electricalpotential energy ?potential energy = F * d= E * q * d

The change in potential energy is not related to the work done or the charge of the particle.

The change in potential energy is equal to the charge times the voltage difference between the two points.

When a charge moves between two points at different potentials, the change in potential energy is equal to the work done. This is because the potential energy gained by the charge is equal to the force multiplied by the distance moved.

Explanation

When a charge moves between two points at different potentials, the change in potential energy is equal to the work done. This is because the potential energy gained by the charge is equal to the force multiplied by the distance moved.

3. 5.1.5 Define electric current.

The resistance in a circuit.

The stored energy in a circuit.

The flow of charged particles through a material when a potentialdifference is applied across it.Rate of flow of chargeUnit: Ampere (A) I=Q/t

The amount of voltage in a circuit.

Electric current is specifically defined as the flow of charged particles when a potential difference is applied, not the amount of voltage, resistance, or stored energy in a circuit.

Explanation

Electric current is specifically defined as the flow of charged particles when a potential difference is applied, not the amount of voltage, resistance, or stored energy in a circuit.

4. 5.1.6 Define resistance.

The ability of a material to conduct electricity

A measure of how difficult a charge can flow in a materialUnit: Ohms (?)R=V/I

The amount of charge stored in a material

The speed at which charge flows in a circuit

5. Compare ohmic and non-ohmic behavior.

In ohmic behavior, V and I are proportional to each other. In non-ohmic behavior, V and I are inversely proportional to each other.

In ohmic behavior, V and I are not proportional to each other. In non-ohmic behavior, V and I are proportional to each other.

In ohmic behavior, V and I are not proportional to each other.In non-ohmic behavior, V and I are not proportional to each other.

In ohmic behavior, V and I are inversely proportional to each other. In non-ohmic behavior, V and I are not proportional to each other.

In ohmic behavior, the relationship between voltage (V) and current (I) is linear, hence proportional to each other. This is not the case in non-ohmic behavior where the V and I relationship is not linear and they are not proportional to each other.

Explanation

In ohmic behavior, the relationship between voltage (V) and current (I) is linear, hence proportional to each other. This is not the case in non-ohmic behavior where the V and I relationship is not linear and they are not proportional to each other.

6. Derive and apply expressions for electrical power dissipation in resistors.

P = VI

P = I/V

P = R/I

Electrical power is the rate that an electrical device uses energy. P = ,E-t. =I2R = ,,V-2.-R

The correct formula for power dissipation in resistors involves using Ohm's Law and the relationship between power, current, voltage, and resistance.

Explanation

The correct formula for power dissipation in resistors involves using Ohm's Law and the relationship between power, current, voltage, and resistance.

7. Define electromotive force (emf).

The resistance encountered by current in a circuit.

The amount of energy per unit charge supplied to a circuit by a powersource.

The force that moves electrons within a circuit.

The rate at which current flows through a circuit.

Electromotive force (emf) is not a physical force but is a potential difference that drives the flow of current in a circuit.

Explanation

Electromotive force (emf) is not a physical force but is a potential difference that drives the flow of current in a circuit.

8. Describe the concept of internal resistance.

When a battery supplies a current to an external circuit it gets warm. Thisis due to the battery having a small internal resistance.

Internal resistance has no impact on a battery's performance.

Internal resistance refers to the resistance within an external electrical circuit.

Internal resistance is directly proportional to the voltage output of a battery.

Internal resistance is the resistance within a battery or cell itself, not in an external circuit. It does have a significant impact on a battery's performance as it can affect the battery's voltage output and temperature. Internal resistance is not directly proportional to the battery's voltage output.

Explanation

Internal resistance is the resistance within a battery or cell itself, not in an external circuit. It does have a significant impact on a battery's performance as it can affect the battery's voltage output and temperature. Internal resistance is not directly proportional to the battery's voltage output.

9. Describe a potential divider.

Changing the ratio of resistancewill vary the potential difference

A potential divider is a type of electronic connector used in circuit boards.

A potential divider is used to store electrical energy.

Potential divider is a device used to amplify audio signals.

10. Explain the use of sensors in potential divider circuits.

Temperature decreases, Voltage drop

LDR absorbs light, Current flow decreases

Light stops shining on LDRResistance increasePotential difference increaseLight on! refer to image

Resistance decreases, Light off! refer to image

In potential divider circuits, sensors such as Light Dependent Resistors (LDRs) are used to detect external stimuli, such as light. When light stops shining on the LDR, its resistance increases, causing a potential difference increase in the circuit. This change in resistance affects the output voltage of the circuit, allowing for detection of changes in the environment.

Explanation

In potential divider circuits, sensors such as Light Dependent Resistors (LDRs) are used to detect external stimuli, such as light. When light stops shining on the LDR, its resistance increases, causing a potential difference increase in the circuit. This change in resistance affects the output voltage of the circuit, allowing for detection of changes in the environment.

11. Define gravitational field strength.

Thegravitational field strength at a point is the force exerted per unit mass on aparticle of small mass placed at that point

Gravitational field strength is the amount of energy a black hole emits in space.

The gravitational field strength is the distance between two celestial bodies in space.

Gravitational field strength is the measurement of the force of gravity on an object's weight.

12. Derive an expression for gravitational field strength at the surface of a planet, assuming that all its mass is concentrated at its centre.

3.2

4.5

7.8

Refer to image

The correct answer to this question involves using the formula for gravitational field strength, taking into account the mass and radius of the planet. It is important to understand how the distribution of mass affects the gravitational field strength at the surface of a planet.

Explanation

The correct answer to this question involves using the formula for gravitational field strength, taking into account the mass and radius of the planet. It is important to understand how the distribution of mass affects the gravitational field strength at the surface of a planet.

13. State and apply the law of conservation of charge.

The amount of charge in a system varies depending on its surroundings.

Charge can be created or destroyed in any system.

The law of conservation of charge only applies to open systems.

Ina closed system, the amount of charge is constant

14. Draw the electric field patterns for different charge configurations.

Refer to image

Sketch the electric field lines for a point charge

Construct the electric field pattern for a uniformly charged insulator

Illustrate the electric field distribution for a dipole moment

Electric field patterns vary based on different charge configurations and understanding how to draw them accurately is crucial in physics.

Explanation

Electric field patterns vary based on different charge configurations and understanding how to draw them accurately is crucial in physics.

15. State that moving charges give rise to magnetic fields.

Moving charges give rise to gravitational fields.

Moving charges give rise to temperature fields.

Moving charges give rise to electrical fields.

Themagnetic field produced by the conducting wire produces a circular magneticfield. refer to image

16. Define the magnitude and direction of a magnetic field.

B. Determine the texture and weight of the magnetic field.

Refer to image

A. Measure the color and temperature of the magnetic field.

C. Assess the taste and smell of the magnetic field.

The correct answer to the question asks for the definition of the magnitude and direction of a magnetic field. This involves understanding the strength and orientation of the field, not characteristics like color, temperature, texture, weight, taste, or smell.

Explanation

The correct answer to the question asks for the definition of the magnitude and direction of a magnetic field. This involves understanding the strength and orientation of the field, not characteristics like color, temperature, texture, weight, taste, or smell.

17. 7.1.3: Outline one limitation of the simple model of the nuclear atom.

The model fails to explain the behavior of subatomic particles within the nucleus.

The model incorrectly suggests that electrons are stationary within the atom.

The model does not account for the existence of electron clouds.

Limitationsinclude: the model does not take into consideration isotopes and differentatomic weights, and the model does not show how the atom would be stable.Electrons would lose energy with radiation.

The simple model of the nuclear atom has limitations that prevent it from fully explaining the complexity of atomic structure.

Explanation

The simple model of the nuclear atom has limitations that prevent it from fully explaining the complexity of atomic structure.

18. Explain the terms nuclide, isotope, and nucleon.

A. Nuclide: The central part of an atom where protons and electrons are found.

B. Isotope: A particle with a negative charge found in the nucleus of an atom.

C. Nucleon: A type of atomic radiation released during nuclear reactions.

Nuclide:A particular type (species) of nucleus with a certain number of protons andneutrons. Isotope:Nuclei with the same number of protons (Z) but different number of neutrons (N)e.g. C-12 and C-14. Nucleon:A proton or neutron (not necessarily a particles within nucleus).

The nuclide, isotope, and nucleon are terms related to nuclear physics and the structure of atoms. Understanding these definitions helps in distinguishing between different aspects of atomic composition and behavior.

Explanation

The nuclide, isotope, and nucleon are terms related to nuclear physics and the structure of atoms. Understanding these definitions helps in distinguishing between different aspects of atomic composition and behavior.

19. Define nucleon number A, proton number Z, and neutron number N.

Total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. Symbol is P+N

NucleonNumber: Number of nucleons (Protons + Neutrons) in the nucleus. Also known asmass number. Symbol is A. ProtonNumber: Number of protons in the nucleus . Also known as atomic number. Symbolis Z. NeutronNumber: Number of neutrons in the nucleus. Symbol is N. N=A-Z

Number of electrons in the outermost shell of the nucleus. Symbol is O.

Total number of electrons in the nucleus. Symbol is E.

The correct answers provided for nucleon number A, proton number Z, and neutron number N are valid descriptions of these terms. The incorrect answers do not accurately define these terms, making them incorrect choices for the multiple-choice question.

Explanation

The correct answers provided for nucleon number A, proton number Z, and neutron number N are valid descriptions of these terms. The incorrect answers do not accurately define these terms, making them incorrect choices for the multiple-choice question.