Understanding Cartilage: Structure, Types, and Functions Quiz

Cartilage is a type of connective tissue that is resilient, but poorly vascularized, and can be categorized into different types such as hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage.

Elastic cartilage is a type of cartilage with distinctive features such as being found in ear pinna and epiglottis, containing many elastic/collagen fibers, and being able to tolerate repeated bending.

Fibrocartilage is mainly found in intervertebral discs, knee menisci, and pubic symphysis. It is specialized for its ability to resist strong compression and strong tension, making it ideal for areas with high stress and pressure.

Appositional growth refers to the process where chondroblasts in surrounding perichondrium produce new cartilage, leading to growth of bone by addition of bone tissue to its surface.

Bones primarily serve to support the body, protect organs, assist in movement, store minerals, produce blood cells, and participate in energy metabolism. Functions such as aiding in digestion, regulating body temperature, and producing hormones are not directly linked to the functions of bones.

Osteogenic cells are stem cells that have the ability to differentiate into bone-forming cells (osteoblasts) and are involved in bone growth and repair.

Osteoblasts are responsible for actively producing and secreting bone matrix, which eventually forms new bone tissue. They do not break down bone tissue, regulate blood sugar, or produce hormones related to muscle growth.

Osteocytes are responsible for maintaining bone health and structure by receiving nutrients and interacting with the bone matrix, they are not involved in blood clotting, red blood cell production, or muscle movement.

Osteoclasts are responsible for resorption of bones by secreting HCl and lysosomal enzymes to remove bone from the internal surface along the diaphysis. They are bone-degrading cells derived from white blood cells and have many nuclei. Osteoclasts derive from hematopoietic stem cells, not from bone formation, production of red blood cells, or synthesis of collagen.

Long bones are characterized by being longer than they are wide, with a shaft and two distinct ends. They are commonly found in the extremities of the body.

Short bones are typically cube-shaped and can be found in areas like the wrist, ankles, and kneecaps. They provide support and stability to the body.

Flat bones are characterized by their thin and flattened shape, often curved for protection or providing broad surfaces for muscle attachment. Examples include the ribs, sternum, scapula, and certain cranial bones.

Irregular bones have unique shapes and don't fit into the other bone categories like long, short, or flat bones. Examples include vertebrae and hip bones.

Compact bone is known for its dense nature, making up the outer layer of bones. It provides strength and protection to the skeletal system.

Yellow bone marrow is primarily composed of adipose cells, which store fat. These cells are responsible for energy storage and can also serve as a source of nutrients for the body.

The epiphysis refers to the ends of a bone, not a medication or bone formation process. It is not the central part of a bone where marrow is produced, which is the bone marrow.

The epiphyseal line is a visible line that runs between the diaphysis and epiphysis in adults, marking the remnant of the epiphyseal plate which is responsible for longitudinal bone growth during childhood.

Hyaline cartilage is composed of specific characteristics such as being rich in collagen fibers, appearing glassy, and being the most abundant cartilage type. It is not a hybrid of bone and cartilage, does not contain significant levels of adipose tissue, and is not predominantly found in the spinal column. The correct answer details locations and functions of Hyaline Cartilage.

Bones are predominantly composed of bone connective tissue, which provides structural support and protection for the body. Adipose tissue, muscle tissue, and epithelial tissue are not primary components of bones.

Osteo refers to the bone matrix secreted by osteoblasts and crystallized by salts, it is essential for bone formation and structure.

Spongy bone, also known as cancellous or trabecular bone, is an internal 3D network of bone with small needle-like or flat pieces filled with red or yellow bone marrow. It is less complex than compact bone and does not contain osteons or its own blood vessels.

Red bone marrow is a hematopoietic tissue responsible for producing various types of blood cells including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

The perichondrium is a round membrane of fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the external surface of cartilage, providing support and nutrients to the cartilage cells.

Osteocalcin is a hormone produced by bones that has a positive impact on insulin regulation and fat metabolism, leading to increased insulin production and improved insulin sensitivity.

Interstitial growth in cartilage occurs when chondrocytes, specialized cells found in cartilage, divide and secrete new matrix to expand the cartilage tissue. The incorrect answers suggest processes that are not involved in interstitial growth in cartilage.

Chondrocytes in lacunae are specialized cells responsible for maintaining and repairing cartilage tissue by producing new components.

The inside layer of bone, which is also known as the mesenchyme, is derived from the mesoderm during embryonic development.