Byu: Dr. Howard's Music 201 Final

Trecento is an Italian word that specifically refers to the 14th century and not any other century. It translates to 300 in English and denotes the time period of the 1300s in Italy.

The School of Athens is a famous fresco painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Raphael. It is located in the Vatican and is placed opposite another famous fresco painting called disputa.

Michelangelo was commissioned to create the unfinished Tomb of Pope Julius II, a project which he worked on for many years but was left incomplete at the time of his death.

Saint Peter's Basilica was not designed solely by Bernini, Raphael, da Vinci, Gaudi, or Goya. The correct answer includes multiple architects who contributed to the design over time.

The Sistine Chapel ceiling painted by Michelangelo is renowned for its intricate biblical scenes and figures, including the iconic 'Creation of Adam' fresco.

Giovanni Boccaccio was an Italian author known for writing Decameron, a collection of novellas set around the time of the Black Death. This work features 10 youths who flee Florence during the plague and tell each other stories during their stay outside the city.

Geoffery Chaucer was an author who died in 1400. His most famous work is 'Canterbury Tales' where 30 travellers recount two stories each, although the work was never finished, leaving us with only 23 stories.

Chiaroscuro is a technique commonly used in painting to create depth and volume by using strong contrasts between light and dark areas.

A fresco is a painting technique where pigment is applied to wet plaster, becoming a permanent part of the wall.

Oil paint is a type of paint that uses pigments suspended in drying oils as a binder. It allows for rich layers of color and has been a popular choice for artists for centuries, particularly in places like Venice.

Judith and Holofernes by Artemisia Gentileschi is a notable artwork inspired by an Old Testament story and exhibits the artist's masterful use of light and dark shading similar to Caravaggio's technique. This painting stands out as one of Gentileschi's most renowned works.

Donatello is actually known as an Early Renaissance sculptor with significant works in art history.

While all the artists mentioned are renowned figures in art history, only Bernini is known for the specific works mentioned in the question.

Rembrandt was a famous Baroque painter known for his use of Reformist religious motifs with an intimate, human feel. Some of his notable works include The Night Watch and Jacob Blessing the Sons of Joseph.

Botticelli is specifically known for his contributions to Renaissance art in Florence, Italy, during the 15th century. His works often featured mythological themes and religious subjects with a distinct style that captured the essence of the era.

Jan Vermeer was a Baroque artist known for his use of muted blues and yellows in his notable works like 'Woman Reading a Letter'. The Baroque art movement was characterized by dramatic lighting, rich colors, and intense emotion.

Niccolò Machiavelli is the author of 'The Prince', a political treatise in which he discusses the need for a leader to distance himself from religion and morals.

'In Praise of Folly' was written by Erasmus and is known for its bitter opposition of corruption in the Church.

Pico della Mirandola was an Italian Renaissance philosopher who is best known for his work 'Oration on the Dignity of Man'. He explored various religions and believed in the existence of universal truths that could be found in all human learning. While he was a prolific thinker and writer, he is primarily remembered for his philosophical works rather than being a painter, scientist, or other profession.

Bramante was a famous architect known for his work during the Florentine Renaissance period, particularly for designing St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City.

Pico della Mirandola, in his introduction to his 900 theses, praised the capacity of human achievement, and justified the human quest for knowledge.

The International Gothic Style refers to an artistic movement that incorporated influences from multiple countries, leading to more uniformity in artistic style. Significant examples of this style include The Wilton Dyptich and the Duke of Burgundy at Dijon as a major center of learning.

Mannerism in art refers to the over-exaggeration of Renaissance styles, where figures are overly posed and less realistic, departing from the naturalism of the earlier period.

Parmigianino was an Italian Mannerist artist known for his unique style and works like Madonna of the Long Neck, which showcases his talent for creating strangely beautiful and intriguing art pieces.

The Medici family was known for their influence in Florence and their support of the arts and humanities during the Italian Renaissance.

While Raphael did paint 'The Courtier', the author of the book is Castiglione. The work is known for prescribing behavior for nobles and promoting key ideas such as uomo universale and Sprezzatura.

Erasmus was a humanist author who was critical of the Church's practices during the Renaissance. He engaged in debates with Martin Luther on theological matters. His notable works include 'In Praise of Folly' where he criticized societal norms and 'On Free Will' where he discussed the concept of free will.

Guillaume de Machaut is known as a composer in the field of music. His most famous piece is 'Messe de Notre Dame,' which is a five-part piece consisting of Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus & Benedictus, and Agnus Dei.

Claudio Monteverdi was an influential Italian composer known for his work in opera, particularly landmark pieces such as L'Orfeo and Poppea.