ASTB Mechanical Comprehension Test: Essential Physics Formulas Quiz

Potential energy is calculated by multiplying the mass of an object by the acceleration due to gravity and the height at which the object is located. This formula is represented as mgh, where m is the mass, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the height.

Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by an object due to its motion. The correct formula for kinetic energy is 1/2 x mass x (velocity of the body)^2, which is represented by 1/2 mv^2.

Newton's 1st Law of Motion, also known as the law of inertia, states that an object will remain at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by an external force. This means that an object's velocity remains constant unless a force changes its state of motion.

Newton's 2nd Law of Motion states that the force acting on an object is equal to the mass of the object multiplied by its acceleration. This relationship helps to understand how objects move when forces are applied to them.

Newton's 3rd Law of Motion describes the relationship between the forces that two interacting objects exert on each other.

Newton's Law of Gravitation states that the force between two masses is directly proportional to the product of the masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. The correct formula is F = GMm/r^2, where G is the gravitational constant and has a value of 6.674 x 10^-11 Nm^2/kg^2.

The correct acceleration due to gravity on Earth is 9.8 m/s2. This value is a standard approximation used in physics for calculating gravitational forces.

Pressure is not related to temperature, volume, or density. It specifically refers to the force applied over an area, affecting the fluid or gas with which it is in contact.

In hydraulic pressure transmission, the principle is that the input pressure is equal to the output pressure, determined by the force applied over the area in both cases.

A lever consists of three main components - the input arm where force is applied, the fulcrum or pivot point around which the lever rotates, and the output arm where the resistance is overcome.

The mechanical advantage of an inclined plane is determined by the ratio of its length to its height, which reflects how much easier it is to move an object along an inclined plane compared to lifting it vertically.

The correct formula to calculate Mechanical Advantage (MA) of a screw is given by 2πR/P where R represents the moment arm and P represents the pitch. This formula takes into account the relationship between the moment arm and pitch to determine the mechanical advantage of the screw.

The correct sequence of the four stages in a 4 stroke cycle are intake, compression, ignition, and exhaust. During the intake stroke, the air-fuel mixture is drawn into the cylinder. In the compression stroke, the mixture is compressed. Ignition marks the point at which the spark plug ignites the compressed mixture, leading to the power stroke. Finally, the exhaust stroke pushes the burned gases out of the cylinder.

Intake is the process in an internal combustion engine where the downward movement of the piston creates a vacuum that draws in a fresh mixture of vaporized air and fuel for the combustion process.

Compression in an internal combustion engine refers to the upward movement of the piston which squeezes or compresses the fuel and air mixture in the combustion chamber before it is ignited. This compression increases the efficiency of the combustion process.

During the ignition process in an engine, power is generated when a spark plug ignites the compressed fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber. This ignition causes a controlled explosion, driving the piston downward and creating the rotational force needed to power the vehicle.

During the exhaust phase, the exhaust valve opens allowing the combustion gases to exit the cylinder, preparing for the next cycle of intake. This is a crucial step in the four-stroke engine cycle.

Torque is a measure of the rotational force applied to an object. It is calculated by multiplying the force applied to an object by the perpendicular distance from the pivot point.

The correct equations for static friction (Fs) and kinetic friction (Fk) involve multiplying the coefficient of friction (u) by the normal force. The incorrect answers provided involve addition, subtraction, and division, none of which are the correct mathematical operations for calculating friction forces.

Work done is calculated by multiplying the force applied in the direction of the displacement by the distance over which the force is applied. This is represented by the formula Force x displacement ft lbf, Joule, Nm.

Power is defined as the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred. It is calculated as work done divided by the time taken. The unit of power is Watt (Joules/second) and other common units include horsepower and foot-pound per second.

Horsepower is a unit of power equal to 550 foot-pounds per second, which is equivalent to 746 watts.

Hydraulic Mechanical Advantage is calculated by dividing the area of the output piston by the area of the input piston. This ratio helps determine how much force can be exerted by the output piston compared to the input piston in a hydraulic system.

Mechanical Advantage is calculated by dividing the Output Force by the Input Force. The formula for Mechanical Advantage is derived from this ratio and represents the amplification of force achieved in a mechanical system.

The mechanical advantage of a wedge is calculated by dividing the length of the wedge by the thickness across the wedge. This formula indicates how much force can be applied using the wedge to split or lift objects.

The mechanical advantage of a pulley is calculated by dividing the input force by the output force. This ratio indicates how much the force is amplified or reduced by the pulley system.

MA in a block and tackle system refers to the Mechanical Advantage, which is the ratio of the load lifted by the system to the force applied. It determines the effectiveness of the system in making lifting heavy loads easier.

The mechanical advantage (MA) of a wheel and axle is calculated by dividing the radius of the wheel by the radius of the axle. This ratio determines how much the force applied to the wheel is amplified or reduced when compared to the force applied to the axle.

The mechanical advantage of a gear is calculated as the reciprocal of the mechanical advantage of a wheel and axle system due to the relationship between the two in transferring motion and force.