Essential Functions of Trunk Muscles Anatomy Quiz

1. What is the primary function of the diaphragm?

Aids in digestion by producing digestive enzymes

Helps in regulating blood pressure

Assists in regulating body temperature

The diaphragm is primarily responsible for aiding in breathing by serving as the main muscle of inspiration and also plays a role in compressing abdominal organs to assist in defecation, urination, and childbirth.

Explanation

The diaphragm is primarily responsible for aiding in breathing by serving as the main muscle of inspiration and also plays a role in compressing abdominal organs to assist in defecation, urination, and childbirth.

2. What is the primary function of the External Intercostals?

Assist in flexion and extension of the elbow joint

Support the lower back and spine during movement

Aid in digestion by contracting to push food through the digestive system

The External Intercostals primarily function to draw ribs 2-12 upward and outward to expand the thoracic cavity and inflate the lungs. This action helps in the process of breathing.

Explanation

The External Intercostals primarily function to draw ribs 2-12 upward and outward to expand the thoracic cavity and inflate the lungs. This action helps in the process of breathing.

3. What is the main function of Rectus Abdominis muscle?

B: Controls movement of the shoulder joint

A: Helps in breathing efficiently

D: Supports the spine in maintaining posture

C: Assists in bending and straightening the knee

The Rectus Abdominis muscle primarily functions in supporting abdominal viscera, flexing the waist, depressing ribs, stabilizing the pelvis, and increasing intra-abdominal pressure for various bodily functions.

Explanation

The Rectus Abdominis muscle primarily functions in supporting abdominal viscera, flexing the waist, depressing ribs, stabilizing the pelvis, and increasing intra-abdominal pressure for various bodily functions.

4. What is the function of the External Abdominal Oblique muscle?

B: rotates head and neck

F: flexes waist as in sit-ups; flexes and rotates vertebral columnO: ribs 5-12I: xiphoid process, linea alba

A: extends waist and bends sideways

D: adducts the shoulder joint

C: elevates the scapula

The External Abdominal Oblique muscle primarily functions to flex the waist as in sit-ups and to flex and rotate the vertebral column. Its origin is from the ribs 5-12 and inserts at the xiphoid process and linea alba.

Explanation

The External Abdominal Oblique muscle primarily functions to flex the waist as in sit-ups and to flex and rotate the vertebral column. Its origin is from the ribs 5-12 and inserts at the xiphoid process and linea alba.

5. What is the function and attachment points of the Internal Abdominal Oblique muscle?

The Internal Abdominal Oblique muscle is responsible for flexing the waist as in a sit-up, flexing and rotating the vertebral column, and pulling the chest downward to compress the abdominal cavity. Its origin points include the inguinal ligament, iliac crest, and thoracolumbar fascia, while its insertion points are the xiphoid process, linea alba, pubis, and ribs 10-12.

Explanation

The Internal Abdominal Oblique muscle is responsible for flexing the waist as in a sit-up, flexing and rotating the vertebral column, and pulling the chest downward to compress the abdominal cavity. Its origin points include the inguinal ligament, iliac crest, and thoracolumbar fascia, while its insertion points are the xiphoid process, linea alba, pubis, and ribs 10-12.

6. What is the function and attachments of the Transversus Abdominis muscle?

B: Adducts the shoulder, attaches to the pelvis, and inserts on the ribs

C: Flexes the neck, attaches to the sternum, and originates from the humerus

A: Extends the hip, attaches to the scapula, and originates from the femur

The Transversus Abdominis muscle is responsible for specific functions and has unique attachments that distinguish it from the incorrect answers provided.

Explanation

The Transversus Abdominis muscle is responsible for specific functions and has unique attachments that distinguish it from the incorrect answers provided.

7. What is the function of the Erector Spinae - superficial group?

B: Stabilize the pelvis and facilitate hip flexion

A: Flex and internally rotate vertebral column; thoracis and lumborum assist in breathing

C: Extend and rotate the head and neck; cervicis and thoracis assist in maintaining posture

D: Flex and laterally extend vertebral column; lumborum assists in side bending

The erector spinae superficial group is responsible for extending and laterally flexing the vertebral column, with thoracis and lumborum rotating the ribs during forceful inspiration. The other options do not accurately describe the function of this muscle group.

Explanation

The erector spinae superficial group is responsible for extending and laterally flexing the vertebral column, with thoracis and lumborum rotating the ribs during forceful inspiration. The other options do not accurately describe the function of this muscle group.

8. What is the function of the superficial group Longissimus Cervicis and Longissimus Thoracis within the Erector Spinae muscle group?

Control the movement of the shoulder joint

Flex and medially rotate vertebral column

Support the weight of the skull

The Longissimus Cervicis and Longissimus Thoracis muscles within the Erector Spinae group are responsible for extending and laterally flexing the vertebral column, aiding in maintaining correct posture and facilitating movements such as bending and twisting.

Explanation

The Longissimus Cervicis and Longissimus Thoracis muscles within the Erector Spinae group are responsible for extending and laterally flexing the vertebral column, aiding in maintaining correct posture and facilitating movements such as bending and twisting.

9. Erector Spinae - superficial groupSpinalis Cervicis and Spinalis Thoracis.

A: flex vertebral column

C: laterally bend vertebral column

B: rotate vertebral column

The erector spinae muscle group, specifically the Spinalis Cervicis and Spinalis Thoracis, is responsible for extending the vertebral column. Options A, B, and C do not accurately describe the function of this muscle group.

Explanation

The erector spinae muscle group, specifically the Spinalis Cervicis and Spinalis Thoracis, is responsible for extending the vertebral column. Options A, B, and C do not accurately describe the function of this muscle group.