A Brief Description Of Trunk Muscles Anatomy Quiz

1. What is the primary function of the diaphragm?

Aids in digestion by producing digestive enzymes

F: prime move of inspiration; compresses abdominal viscera to aide in defecation, urination, and childbirth
O: xiphoid process, ribs 10-12, costal cartilages 5-9, lumbar vertebrae
I: central tendon

Helps in regulating blood pressure

Assists in regulating body temperature

The diaphragm is primarily responsible for aiding in breathing by serving as the main muscle of inspiration and also plays a role in compressing abdominal organs to assist in defecation, urination, and childbirth.

Explanation

The diaphragm is primarily responsible for aiding in breathing by serving as the main muscle of inspiration and also plays a role in compressing abdominal organs to assist in defecation, urination, and childbirth.

2. What is the primary function of the External Intercostals?

Assist in flexion and extension of the elbow joint

Support the lower back and spine during movement

F: draw ribs 2-12 upward and outward to expand thoracic cavity and inflate lungs
O: inferior margins of ribs 1-11
I: superior margins of ribs 2-12

Aid in digestion by contracting to push food through the digestive system

The External Intercostals primarily function to draw ribs 2-12 upward and outward to expand the thoracic cavity and inflate the lungs. This action helps in the process of breathing.

Explanation

The External Intercostals primarily function to draw ribs 2-12 upward and outward to expand the thoracic cavity and inflate the lungs. This action helps in the process of breathing.

3. What is the main function of Rectus Abdominis muscle?

B: Controls movement of the shoulder joint

A: Helps in breathing efficiently

F: Supports abdominal viscera; flexes waist as in sit-ups; depressses ribs; stabilizes pelvis during walking; increases intra-abdominal pressure to aid in urination, defecation, and childbirth
O: pubis symphysis
I: xiphoid process, costal cartilages 5-7

D: Supports the spine in maintaining posture

C: Assists in bending and straightening the knee

The Rectus Abdominis muscle primarily functions in supporting abdominal viscera, flexing the waist, depressing ribs, stabilizing the pelvis, and increasing intra-abdominal pressure for various bodily functions.

Explanation

The Rectus Abdominis muscle primarily functions in supporting abdominal viscera, flexing the waist, depressing ribs, stabilizing the pelvis, and increasing intra-abdominal pressure for various bodily functions.

4. What is the function of the External Abdominal Oblique muscle?

B: rotates head and neck

F: flexes waist as in sit-ups; flexes and rotates vertebral column
O: ribs 5-12
I: xiphoid process, linea alba

A: extends waist and bends sideways

D: adducts the shoulder joint

C: elevates the scapula

The External Abdominal Oblique muscle primarily functions to flex the waist as in sit-ups and to flex and rotate the vertebral column. Its origin is from the ribs 5-12 and inserts at the xiphoid process and linea alba.

Explanation

The External Abdominal Oblique muscle primarily functions to flex the waist as in sit-ups and to flex and rotate the vertebral column. Its origin is from the ribs 5-12 and inserts at the xiphoid process and linea alba.

5. What is the function and attachment points of the Internal Abdominal Oblique muscle?

F: laterally flexes waist and stabilizes vertebral column; pulls the chest upward and decompresses the abdominal cavityO: costal cartilage, humerus, sacrumI: mandible, clavicle, pelvis, ribs 8-10.

F: rotates waist and extends vertebral column; expands the chest outward and compresses the abdominal cavityO: pubic bone, patella, scapulaI: temporal bone, scapula, fibula, ribs 1-4.

F: extends waist and rotates vertebral column; pushes the chest outward and expands the abdominal cavityO: iliac crest, femur, lumbar vertebraeI: sternum, intercostal muscles, ribs 5-7.

F: flexes waist as in sit-up; flexes and rotates vertebral column; pull the chest downward and compress the abdominal cavity
O: inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia
I: xiphoid prcess, linea alba, pubis, ribs 10-12

The Internal Abdominal Oblique muscle is responsible for flexing the waist as in a sit-up, flexing and rotating the vertebral column, and pulling the chest downward to compress the abdominal cavity. Its origin points include the inguinal ligament, iliac crest, and thoracolumbar fascia, while its insertion points are the xiphoid process, linea alba, pubis, and ribs 10-12.

Explanation

The Internal Abdominal Oblique muscle is responsible for flexing the waist as in a sit-up, flexing and rotating the vertebral column, and pulling the chest downward to compress the abdominal cavity. Its origin points include the inguinal ligament, iliac crest, and thoracolumbar fascia, while its insertion points are the xiphoid process, linea alba, pubis, and ribs 10-12.

6. What is the function and attachments of the Transversus Abdominis muscle?

B: Adducts the shoulder, attaches to the pelvis, and inserts on the ribs

F: compresses abdomen, increases intra-abdominal pressure, flexes vertebral column
O: inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, costal cartilages 7-12
I: xiphoid process, linea alba, pubis, inguinal ligament

C: Flexes the neck, attaches to the sternum, and originates from the humerus

A: Extends the hip, attaches to the scapula, and originates from the femur

The Transversus Abdominis muscle is responsible for specific functions and has unique attachments that distinguish it from the incorrect answers provided.

Explanation

The Transversus Abdominis muscle is responsible for specific functions and has unique attachments that distinguish it from the incorrect answers provided.

7. What is the function of the Erector Spinae - superficial group?

B: Stabilize the pelvis and facilitate hip flexion

A: Flex and internally rotate vertebral column; thoracis and lumborum assist in breathing

C: Extend and rotate the head and neck; cervicis and thoracis assist in maintaining posture

F: Extend and laterallly flex vertebral column; thoracis and lumborum rotate ribs during forceful inspiration
O: angles of ribs, sacrum, iliac crest
I: cervicis - vertebrae c4-c6; thoracis - vertebrae c7, angles of ribs 1-6; lumborum - angles of ribs 7-12

D: Flex and laterally extend vertebral column; lumborum assists in side bending

The erector spinae superficial group is responsible for extending and laterally flexing the vertebral column, with thoracis and lumborum rotating the ribs during forceful inspiration. The other options do not accurately describe the function of this muscle group.

Explanation

The erector spinae superficial group is responsible for extending and laterally flexing the vertebral column, with thoracis and lumborum rotating the ribs during forceful inspiration. The other options do not accurately describe the function of this muscle group.

8. What is the function of the superficial group Longissimus Cervicis and Longissimus Thoracis within the Erector Spinae muscle group?

Control the movement of the shoulder joint

Flex and medially rotate vertebral column

Support the weight of the skull

F: extend and laterally flex vertebral column
O: cervicis - vertebrae T1-T4 or T5; thoracis - sacrum, iliac crest, vertebrae T1-L5
I: cervicis - vertebrae C2-C6; thoracis - vertebrae T1-T12, ribs 3 or 4-12

The Longissimus Cervicis and Longissimus Thoracis muscles within the Erector Spinae group are responsible for extending and laterally flexing the vertebral column, aiding in maintaining correct posture and facilitating movements such as bending and twisting.

Explanation

The Longissimus Cervicis and Longissimus Thoracis muscles within the Erector Spinae group are responsible for extending and laterally flexing the vertebral column, aiding in maintaining correct posture and facilitating movements such as bending and twisting.

9. Erector Spinae - superficial groupSpinalis Cervicis and Spinalis Thoracis.

A: flex vertebral column

C: laterally bend vertebral column

B: rotate vertebral column

F: extend vertebral column
O: Cervicis - nuchal ligament, spinous process of vertebra C7; Thoracis - spinous processes of T11-L2
I: Cervicis - spinous process of axis; thoracis- spinous processes of upper thoracic vertebrae

The erector spinae muscle group, specifically the Spinalis Cervicis and Spinalis Thoracis, is responsible for extending the vertebral column. Options A, B, and C do not accurately describe the function of this muscle group.

Explanation

The erector spinae muscle group, specifically the Spinalis Cervicis and Spinalis Thoracis, is responsible for extending the vertebral column. Options A, B, and C do not accurately describe the function of this muscle group.