Anatomy & Physiology Semester 1 Final

In anatomical terms, 'superior' refers to a position closer to the head or upper part of the body, while 'inferior' refers to a position closer to the feet or lower part of the body. 'Medial' refers to a position closer to the midline of the body, and 'lateral' refers to a position farther away from the midline.

In anatomical terms, 'inferior' refers to a position or direction away from the head or upper part of a structure.

The term 'anterior (ventral)' refers to the direction toward the front of the body, as opposed to 'posterior (dorsal)' which refers to the direction toward the back of the body. The incorrect answers provided refer to different directions that are not synonymous with 'anterior (ventral).'

Posterior (Dorsal) refers to the direction or the location that is toward the back of the body. This is the opposite of anterior (ventral), which is the direction toward the front of the body.

The term 'medial' is used in anatomical contexts to indicate a position or direction that is closer or closer to the midline of the body.

Lateral refers to a position or direction that is farther away from the midline of the body. In anatomical terms, it describes the sides of the body or body parts that are located away from the center.

In anatomy, 'distal' is used to describe a body part that is farther from the point of attachment or the trunk. This is in contrast to 'proximal' which refers to body parts closer to the point of attachment or the trunk.

When something is described as 'deep' in relation to the body's surface, it means that it is located further away from the surface.

The integumentary system serves as the external body cover, primarily consisting of the skin, which helps protect deeper tissues from injury. This system is not responsible for digestion, regulating body temperature, or aiding in oxygen transportation.

The main functions of the Skeletal System include protecting and supporting the body's organs, storing minerals, and being the site of red blood cell production. The incorrect answers do not align with the primary functions of the Skeletal System.

The primary functions of the muscular system include allowing us to be moveable, maintaining posture, and producing heat. The other options do not accurately describe the main function of the muscular system.

The nervous system is responsible for the fast acting control of the body and responding to both internal and external changes.

The Endocrine System primarily secretes regulatory hormones that control functions such as growth, reproduction, and metabolism.

The cardiovascular system is responsible for transporting materials throughout the body via blood circulation, facilitated by the heart's pumping action. It is not involved in regulating body temperature, digesting food, or controlling breathing rate.

The Lymphatic System does not transport oxygen, regulate body temperature, or produce red blood cells. Its primary functions include returning fluids back to the blood vessels and disposing of debris.

The respiratory system's main function is to exchange gases, ensuring oxygen is supplied to the blood and carbon dioxide is removed.

The Digestive System is responsible for breaking down food into nutrients that can be absorbed by the body to provide energy and essential nutrients. This is essential for overall health and proper bodily functions.

The Urinary System primarily functions to eliminate waste products from the body and maintain the body's acid-base balance. The incorrect answers do not align with the key functions of the Urinary System.

The main function of the reproductive system is to produce offspring through the process of sexual reproduction.

Proteins primarily function as Organic Structural (Fibrous) Proteins, Functional (Globular) Proteins, Transport Proteins, Hormones, and Enzymes to carry out various essential processes in the body.

Nucleic acids are primarily responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information within a cell. They are not involved in regulating metabolism, facilitating cellular respiration, or hormone production.

ATP is an organic compound that serves as the primary energy carrier in cells, providing the necessary energy for various cellular processes. It can be hydrolyzed to ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and inorganic phosphate, releasing energy that can be used by the cell.

Water is known for its unique properties such as high heat capacity, acting as a good solvent, exhibiting chemical reactivity, and providing cushioning. This combination of characteristics makes it essential for various biological and chemical processes.

Salts help in maintaining the pH balance in the body, making them essential for proper bodily functions.

Carbohydrates are primarily classified into monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides based on the number of simple sugar molecules they contain.

Sodium plays a crucial role in transmitting nerve impulses throughout the body. It is involved in maintaining the electrical potential of cell membranes, allowing for proper communication between nerve cells.

Zinc is known to influence the sense of smell and taste due to its connection with the olfactory and gustatory receptors.