Adult Ii - Respiratory Care Modalities

Room air consists mostly of nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%), with trace amounts of other gases. Therefore, the correct answer is 21% for the concentration of oxygen in Room Air.

The normal respiratory rate for adults is typically between 12 to 20 breaths per minute. Anything outside of this range may indicate abnormal respiratory function.

Arterial Blood Gasses (ABGs) obtained through a lab test is considered the gold standard for measuring oxygenation levels in the blood. Pulse oximetry measures oxygen saturation in the blood, capnography measures carbon dioxide levels, and spirometry assesses lung function but are not as accurate as ABGs for measuring oxygenation.

Oxygen masks come in various types to meet different patient needs, including precise oxygen delivery, air preservation, and exhalation collection.

High levels of oxygen can lead to overproduction of free radicals, causing damage to cells. This can be visualized as alveolar infiltrates on x-ray imaging.

In a patient with hypoxemia, the level of PaO2 decreases due to the decreased oxygen content in the blood.

Incentive spirometers are most effective when used in a semi-Fowlers position, as lying flat can restrict airflow. The patient should aim to use the incentive spirometer 10 times (breaths) each hour to promote optimal lung function and prevent complications such as pneumonia.

Sitting in an upright position helps maximize airflow to the upper lobes of the lungs, making it easier to clear them during Chest Physiotherapy.

The correct answer, 'Smell in the roses - blow out the candles', uses visual imagery to help patients understand the breathing process. The incorrect answers also provide visual cues and guidance for proper breathing techniques, but do not represent the specific saying mentioned in the correct answer.

Postural drainage of the lower lobes, anterior basal segment is best achieved by positioning the patient on their side, flat, with the foot of the bed raised. This position helps facilitate effective drainage and clearance of secretions from the target area.

Postural drainage for upper lobes, anterior segments involves positioning the patient in a specific way to promote drainage of secretions from the target area. The correct answer involves lying flat on the bed with pillows under hips, knees bent, and feet flat on the bed to optimize drainage. The incorrect options A, B, and C do not provide the optimal position for postural drainage in this scenario.

Postural drainage for the lower lobes, lateral basal segments involves positioning the patient on their side with the foot of the bed raised and pillows under the hip to help drain mucus effectively.

Postural drainage of the upper lobes, apical segments is best achieved in the Semi-Fowlers position as it allows for optimal drainage and ventilation in these areas.

The correct answer helps in promoting drainage and ventilation in the upper lobes and posterior segments of the lungs.

Humidification is recommended for flow rates of 4 liters or more to prevent mucous membrane dryness and irritation in the airways during oxygen therapy.