11.3 Air Movement

Jet streams are fast flowing narrow air currents found in the atmosphere. Trade winds are persistent easterly winds, Coriolis currents are not a recognized meteorological term, and Hadley cells are atmospheric circulation patterns in the tropics.

The correct answer is flying from Boston to Seattle takes about 30 minutes longer due to the jet stream. This current in the atmosphere can help or hinder aircraft, affecting travel times between these two cities.

Global winds play a crucial role in distributing heat and moisture around the planet, influencing weather patterns on a large scale.

Land breezes and sea breezes are caused by the temperature differences between land and water, resulting in distinct wind patterns near large bodies of water. Trade winds and monsoons are large-scale wind patterns affecting regions farther away. Hurricanes and tornadoes are violent weather phenomena not specific to living near large bodies of water. Mountain breezes and valley breezes are caused by temperature differences in mountainous regions.

A land breeze is formed when the land heats up faster than the sea during the day, causing the air over the land to rise and the cooler air over the sea to move towards the land. This creates a breeze blowing from the sea towards the land.

A sea breeze is created at night when air over water is warmer than air over land, causing cooler air from the water to move inland.

Wind moves from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure due to the difference in air pressure.

The picture depicts a sea breeze, where cool air from the sea moves in and pushes the warmer air out of the way. The other incorrect answers describe different types of breezes that are not represented in the picture.

The curvature of the Earth causes sunlight to hit different areas at varying angles, resulting in differences in the amount of radiation received.

Warm air is less dense than cool air because warm air molecules are more spread out and have a lower density compared to cooler air molecules. This difference in density causes warm air to rise above cooler air, creating convection currents in the atmosphere.

The equator receives the most direct amount of radiation from the sun because it is closest to the sun and receives sunlight straight at a perpendicular angle throughout the year. The North Pole and South Pole receive less direct sunlight due to the tilt of the Earth's axis, while the Tropic of Cancer receives direct sunlight but not as consistently as the equator.

Cold air is more dense than warm air, hence it exerts higher pressure.

The Coriolis Effect is the deflection of moving objects to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere due to Earth's rotation. The Ferrel Effect does not exist. Hadley Cell is a tropical atmospheric circulation cell. Arctic Oscillation is a climate pattern in the Arctic region.

The doldrums are known for having little to no wind and rainy afternoons due to the area of low pressure, heat, and humidity.

The doldrums are regions near the equator where warm air rises, cools, and forms clouds. This process leads to frequent rainfall in the area.

The prevailing westerlies are the dominant west-to-east winds that occur near 30 degrees north and south latitude. The trade winds are located closer to the equator, the polar easterlies are nearer to the poles, and the doldrums are regions of calm or light variable winds near the equator.

The westerlies are prevailing winds that blow from west to east in the middle latitudes. They play a crucial role in moving weather systems across the United States, affecting temperature, precipitation, and storm patterns.

Early sailors relied on the consistent and predictable nature of the trade winds to navigate their trade routes across the oceans.

The prevailing westerlies are wind patterns located between 30 - 60 degrees latitude in both the northern and southern hemispheres. These winds generally flow from the west toward the east.

Polar easterly winds are found near the poles as they blow from the east towards the equator. These winds originate from the poles and move towards the lower latitudes.