Praticando Um Pouco Mais- 2º Ano – 3° Etapa 2014

1. As alternativas a seguir descrevem características de personagens da estrutura agrária brasileira. Assinale a única que está correta.

Posseiro= pessoa que se apropria de terras ilegalmente e apresenta título falsificado de propriedade.

Latifundiário= proprietário de pequenas extensões de terra geralmente improdutivas voltadas à especulação imobiliária..

Parceiros= trabalham em terras de outras pessoas em troca da produção obtida.

Meeiro= trabalha em terra alheia e com o tempo torna-se dono.

The correct answer describes the character of a "meeiro" in the Brazilian agrarian structure. A "meeiro" is a worker who works on someone else's land in exchange for a share of the production obtained. When this share reaches 50%, the worker is called a "meeiro."

Explanation

The correct answer describes the character of a "meeiro" in the Brazilian agrarian structure. A "meeiro" is a worker who works on someone else's land in exchange for a share of the production obtained. When this share reaches 50%, the worker is called a "meeiro."

2. (UFPI) Sobre a estrutura fundiária e as relações de trabalho no campo brasileiro, assinale a alternativa correta:

a estrutura fundiária apresenta acentuada concentração da propriedade decorrente das formas de apropriação das terras, desde o período colonial.

a partir de 1850, com a Lei de Terras, todos os trabalhadores rurais passaram a ter acesso à terra.

a modernização do campo proporcionou a extinção dos contratos de parceria em todas as regiões brasileiras.

nas áreas de fronteiras agrícolas, todos os trabalhadores rurais possuem títulos de propriedade da terra.

os bóias-frias são assalariados que trabalham nas propriedades de forma permanente e co vínculo empregatício.

The correct answer states that the land ownership in Brazil has a high concentration due to the historical forms of land appropriation since the colonial period. This means that a small number of individuals or entities own a large portion of the land, leading to social and economic inequality in the rural areas. This explanation highlights the historical context and the impact it has had on the current structure of land ownership in Brazil.

Explanation

The correct answer states that the land ownership in Brazil has a high concentration due to the historical forms of land appropriation since the colonial period. This means that a small number of individuals or entities own a large portion of the land, leading to social and economic inequality in the rural areas. This explanation highlights the historical context and the impact it has had on the current structure of land ownership in Brazil.

3. A agropecuária no Brasil apresenta duas faces diferentes. Uma é a da modernidade a da elevada produtividade, que a coloca entre as mais competitivas do mundo, apesar das barreiras encontradas pelos produtos agrícolas brasileiros nos principais mercados internacionais. Outra se caracteriza pela miséria dos trabalhadores rurais, que perdem seus empregos e suas terras e tornam-se incapazes de prover a própria subsistência. (Geografia Geral e do Brasil. São Paulo: Saraiva, 2003, p. 133.)De acordo com o texto acima julgue as proposições abaixo marcando (V)verdadeiro ou (F) Falso.( )Parte da exploração agrícola está entre as mais modernas do mundo, competindo em produtividade e preço com a produção dos países centrais, além de constituir um dos maiores setores de exportação do país.( )A constituição de cadeias produtivas que integram vários setores da economia, como fornecedores de insumos, produção, processamento, transformação e distribuição de produtos agrícolas, são denominados agronegócio.( )O avanço dos cultivos comerciais, principalmente da soja, do algodão e da pecuária bovina em áreas de agricultura tradicional, tem como conseqüência a expropriação do pequeno agricultor e a degradação ambiental, entre outros fatores.( )No espaço rural brasileiro são percebidas duas realidades que se contrapõem. De um lado, o meio científico-informacional e, de outro, o tradicional.MARQUE A ALTERNATIVA CORRETA.

F, F, F, V

V, F, F, F.

V, F, V, F.

V, V, V, V.

F, V, F, F.

The correct answer is V, V, V, V. The first proposition is true because the agricultural exploitation in Brazil is among the most modern in the world and competes in productivity and price with the production of central countries, also constituting one of the largest export sectors of the country. The second proposition is true because the constitution of productive chains that integrate various sectors of the economy, such as input suppliers, production, processing, transformation, and distribution of agricultural products, is called agribusiness. The third proposition is true because the expansion of commercial crops, especially soybeans, cotton, and cattle farming in traditional agricultural areas, leads to the expropriation of small farmers and environmental degradation, among other factors. The fourth proposition is true because there are two contrasting realities in the Brazilian rural space: the scientific-informational environment and the traditional environment.

Explanation

The correct answer is V, V, V, V. The first proposition is true because the agricultural exploitation in Brazil is among the most modern in the world and competes in productivity and price with the production of central countries, also constituting one of the largest export sectors of the country. The second proposition is true because the constitution of productive chains that integrate various sectors of the economy, such as input suppliers, production, processing, transformation, and distribution of agricultural products, is called agribusiness. The third proposition is true because the expansion of commercial crops, especially soybeans, cotton, and cattle farming in traditional agricultural areas, leads to the expropriation of small farmers and environmental degradation, among other factors. The fourth proposition is true because there are two contrasting realities in the Brazilian rural space: the scientific-informational environment and the traditional environment.

4. A revolução verde caracteriza-se, principalmente, pela industrialização e modernização tecnológica das atividades agropecuárias. Esse fenômeno possui como características:I. Uso de técnicas agrícolas avançadas;II. Emprego de agrotóxicos;III. Predomínio de latifúndios monocultores;IV. Alteração genética de grãos e plantas;V. Utilização de mão de obra abundante;São corretas as afirmativas:

I, e II

III e IV

II, IV e V

I, III e V

I, II, III e IV

The correct answer is I, II, III, and IV. The Green Revolution is characterized by the industrialization and technological modernization of agricultural activities. This includes the use of advanced agricultural techniques, the employment of agrochemicals (such as pesticides), the predominance of large monoculture farms, and the genetic modification of crops and plants. The use of abundant labor is not a characteristic of the Green Revolution.

Explanation

The correct answer is I, II, III, and IV. The Green Revolution is characterized by the industrialization and technological modernization of agricultural activities. This includes the use of advanced agricultural techniques, the employment of agrochemicals (such as pesticides), the predominance of large monoculture farms, and the genetic modification of crops and plants. The use of abundant labor is not a characteristic of the Green Revolution.

5. O processo de concentração fundiária caminha junto à industrialização da agropecuária com predomínio de capitais. Logo:I - O discurso de modernidade das elites tem contribuído para que a terra esteja concentrada nas mãos da grande maioria dos agricultores brasileiros.II - Os pequenos agricultores não conseguem competir e são forçados a abandonar suas lavouras de subsistência e vender suas terras.III - A intensa mecanização leva à redução do trabalho humano e à mudança nas relações de trabalho, com a especialização de funções e oaumento do trabalho assalariado e de diaristas.IV - As modificações na estrutura fundiária provocam desemprego no campo, intenso êxodo rural, além de aumentar o contingente de trabalhadores sem direito à terra e sua exclusão social.Estão corretas:

Apenas as proposições I e IV

Apenas as proposições I II e III

Apenas as proposições II, III e IV

Apenas as proposições II e III

Todas as proposições

The correct answer is "Apenas as proposições II, III e IV". The statement I is incorrect because it states that the discourse of modernity from the elites has contributed to the concentration of land in the hands of the majority of Brazilian farmers, while in reality, it has contributed to the concentration of land in the hands of a small number of large-scale farmers. Statements II, III, and IV are correct as they discuss the negative effects of land concentration, such as small farmers being forced to abandon their subsistence crops and sell their land, mechanization leading to a reduction in human labor and changes in work relationships, and the impact on employment, rural exodus, and social exclusion.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Apenas as proposições II, III e IV". The statement I is incorrect because it states that the discourse of modernity from the elites has contributed to the concentration of land in the hands of the majority of Brazilian farmers, while in reality, it has contributed to the concentration of land in the hands of a small number of large-scale farmers. Statements II, III, and IV are correct as they discuss the negative effects of land concentration, such as small farmers being forced to abandon their subsistence crops and sell their land, mechanization leading to a reduction in human labor and changes in work relationships, and the impact on employment, rural exodus, and social exclusion.

6. O crescimento da economia brasileira desenvolveu-se sob o signo dos grandes ______ e da concentração de renda. A _______ da agricultura e a concentração ______ produziram o ________acelerado, que se manifesta na formação das _______ urbanas. No campo, os novos padrões de ______ impostos pelos complexos ______ continuam a provocar a ruína dos pequenos produtores,configurando um quadro de verdadeira tragédia social.Assinale a alternativa que preenche corretamente as lacunas do texto.

agroindustriais – produtividade – das periferias – consumo – favelas – monopólios – rurais.

monopólios – crise – de terras – crescimento – franjas – consumo – urbanos.

agronegócios – produtividade – de renda – consumo – massas – investimentos – industriais.

monopólios – modernização – fundiária – êxodo rural – periferias– produtividade – agroindustriais.

capitalistas – proletarização – fundiária – enriquecimento –favelas – modernização – agroindustriais.

The correct answer is "monopólios – modernização – fundiária – êxodo rural – periferias– produtividade – agroindustriais." This answer accurately fills in the blanks in the passage. It suggests that the growth of the Brazilian economy has been influenced by the dominance of monopolies, the modernization of land ownership, the rural exodus, the development of peripheral areas, the increase in productivity, and the expansion of agro-industrial activities. This explanation aligns with the context and themes presented in the passage.

Explanation

The correct answer is "monopólios – modernização – fundiária – êxodo rural – periferias– produtividade – agroindustriais." This answer accurately fills in the blanks in the passage. It suggests that the growth of the Brazilian economy has been influenced by the dominance of monopolies, the modernization of land ownership, the rural exodus, the development of peripheral areas, the increase in productivity, and the expansion of agro-industrial activities. This explanation aligns with the context and themes presented in the passage.

7. (UFF/03) A polêmica sobre o uso da soja transgênica no Brasil revela a importância que a engenharia genética adquiriu na agricultura atual. A aplicação da engenharia genética na agricultura tem por base:

A reorganização administrativa das empresas rurais que as aproxima das empresas urbanas, reestruturadas mediante a reengenharia de insumos.

The correct answer is the reorganization of the genetic code through the technique of recombinant DNA, which creates new matrices and new environmental conditions for plants. This explanation suggests that the controversy surrounding the use of genetically modified soybeans in Brazil highlights the importance of genetic engineering in modern agriculture. By reorganizing the genetic code of plants through recombinant DNA technology, new genetic traits can be introduced, leading to improved productivity and environmental adaptation. This answer aligns with the topic of genetic engineering in agriculture and its impact on plant characteristics and environmental relationships.

Explanation

The correct answer is the reorganization of the genetic code through the technique of recombinant DNA, which creates new matrices and new environmental conditions for plants. This explanation suggests that the controversy surrounding the use of genetically modified soybeans in Brazil highlights the importance of genetic engineering in modern agriculture. By reorganizing the genetic code of plants through recombinant DNA technology, new genetic traits can be introduced, leading to improved productivity and environmental adaptation. This answer aligns with the topic of genetic engineering in agriculture and its impact on plant characteristics and environmental relationships.

8. . (PUC-MG/99) Em relação à questão agrária no Brasil:I – As fronteiras agrícolas que se expandiram em direção à Amazônia contribuíram para agravar os problemas de estrutura agrária do país, por corresponderem em sua maior parte, a grandes propriedades rurais. II – Os problemas ligados à estrutura fundiária do Brasil evidenciam a necessidade de mudanças e de reformas no campo, visando a corrigir distorções ligadas à concentração, à situação dos posseiros e à produção de gêneros de exportação. III – Posseiros são pessoas que, com suas famílias, ocupam terras já cultivadas por lavradores que ainda não possuem títulos de propriedade e as registram em seus nomes. Assinale:

se todas as afirmativas estiverem corretas.

se apenas as afirmativas I e II estiverem corretas.

se apenas as afirmativas I e III estiverem corretas.

se apenas as afirmativas II e III estiverem corretas.

se nenhuma afirmativa estiver correta.

The correct answer is "se todas as afirmativas estiverem corretas" because all three statements are true. Statement I states that the expansion of agricultural frontiers towards the Amazon contributed to worsening the agrarian structure problems in Brazil, as it corresponds mostly to large rural properties. Statement II acknowledges the need for changes and reforms in the Brazilian countryside to address distortions related to land concentration, the situation of squatters, and the production of export goods. Statement III defines squatters as people who occupy already cultivated lands without property titles and register them in their names. Therefore, all three statements are correct.

Explanation

The correct answer is "se todas as afirmativas estiverem corretas" because all three statements are true. Statement I states that the expansion of agricultural frontiers towards the Amazon contributed to worsening the agrarian structure problems in Brazil, as it corresponds mostly to large rural properties. Statement II acknowledges the need for changes and reforms in the Brazilian countryside to address distortions related to land concentration, the situation of squatters, and the production of export goods. Statement III defines squatters as people who occupy already cultivated lands without property titles and register them in their names. Therefore, all three statements are correct.

9. (UFMG/00) A análise da agricultura e da indústria brasileira, nas últimas décadas, permite identificar processos comuns a essas duas atividades. Todas as alternativas apresentam fatores que vêm interferindo tanto na agricultura quanto na indústria brasileira, exceto:

dispensa de percentuais variáveis da mão-de-obra anteriormente ocupada nessas atividades, provocada pela redução do trabalho empregado por quantidade produzida.

The correct answer states that the increasing participation of agriculture and industry in the generation of national income does not mean that they are more important than other sectors of the economy in terms of the composition of the export agenda. In other words, while these activities contribute significantly to the overall income of the country, they may not have a dominant role in the export sector compared to other sectors. This suggests that there are other sectors of the economy that have a greater impact on the country's export earnings.

Explanation

The correct answer states that the increasing participation of agriculture and industry in the generation of national income does not mean that they are more important than other sectors of the economy in terms of the composition of the export agenda. In other words, while these activities contribute significantly to the overall income of the country, they may not have a dominant role in the export sector compared to other sectors. This suggests that there are other sectors of the economy that have a greater impact on the country's export earnings.

10. (FUVEST/01) A propósito da agricultura brasileira, pode-se afirmar que:

a escravidão por dívida consiste numa situação de servidão do trabalhador, característica da parceria.

o Estatuto do Trabalhador Rural dos anos setenta substituiu a antiga legislação dos trabalhadores rurais.

a empresa agropecuária capitalista caracteriza-se pela presença do trabalhador agregado.

a denominação “bóia-fria” é dada ao trabalhador temporário que vive nos latifúndios.

a unidade familiar de subsistência tanto pode contratar força de trabalho quanto vender trabalho familiar.

The correct answer states that a subsistence family unit in Brazilian agriculture can both hire labor and sell family labor. This means that a family unit engaged in subsistence farming can either hire additional labor when needed or offer their own labor to other farmers. This highlights the flexibility and adaptability of subsistence farming practices in Brazil, where families can make decisions based on their specific needs and circumstances.

Explanation

The correct answer states that a subsistence family unit in Brazilian agriculture can both hire labor and sell family labor. This means that a family unit engaged in subsistence farming can either hire additional labor when needed or offer their own labor to other farmers. This highlights the flexibility and adaptability of subsistence farming practices in Brazil, where families can make decisions based on their specific needs and circumstances.