Soal Latihan Dasar-dasar Hukum Kimia

1. Hukum Proust disebut juga ..

Hukum Perbandingan Volume

Hukum Perbandingan Berganda

Hukum Kekekalan Massa

Hukum Perbandingan Tetap

Hukum Kekekalan Energi

The given correct answer is "Hukum Perbandingan Tetap". This law, also known as the Law of Definite Proportions or Law of Constant Composition, states that a chemical compound always contains the same elements in the same proportion by mass. In other words, the ratio of the masses of the elements in a compound is always fixed and does not depend on the source or method of preparation of the compound. This law is one of the fundamental principles of stoichiometry and helps in determining the composition of compounds.

Explanation

The given correct answer is "Hukum Perbandingan Tetap". This law, also known as the Law of Definite Proportions or Law of Constant Composition, states that a chemical compound always contains the same elements in the same proportion by mass. In other words, the ratio of the masses of the elements in a compound is always fixed and does not depend on the source or method of preparation of the compound. This law is one of the fundamental principles of stoichiometry and helps in determining the composition of compounds.

2. Jika perbandingan massa hidrogen dan oksigen dalam air adalah 1 : 8, maka untuk menghasilkan 45 gram air dibutuhkan ....(Hukum)

5 gram hidrogen dan 40 gram oksigen

40 gram hidrogen dan 5 gram oksigen

5 gram hidrogen dan 8 gram oksigen

5 gram hidrogen dan 9 gram oksigen

45 gram hidrogen dan 5 gram oksigen

The correct answer is 5 gram hidrogen dan 40 gram oksigen. This is because the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen in water is 1:8. Therefore, to produce 45 grams of water, we need 1/9 of that mass for hydrogen and 8/9 of that mass for oxygen. Calculating this, we get 5 grams of hydrogen and 40 grams of oxygen.

Explanation

The correct answer is 5 gram hidrogen dan 40 gram oksigen. This is because the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen in water is 1:8. Therefore, to produce 45 grams of water, we need 1/9 of that mass for hydrogen and 8/9 of that mass for oxygen. Calculating this, we get 5 grams of hydrogen and 40 grams of oxygen.

3. Sebanyak 11,2 gram serbuk besi (Fe) dipanaskan secara sempurna dengan 6,4 gram serbuk belerang (S), sesuai reaksi:Fe + S --> FeSSenyawa besi(II) sulfida (FeS) yang terbentuk sebanyak … .(Hukum)

6,4 gram

11,2 gram

12,8 gram

17,6 gram

22,4 gram

When 11.2 grams of iron powder (Fe) is heated with 6.4 grams of sulfur powder (S), the reaction produces iron(II) sulfide (FeS). According to the law of conservation of mass, the total mass of the reactants must be equal to the total mass of the products. Since the molar ratio between Fe and S in the reaction is 1:1, the mass of FeS formed will be equal to the mass of sulfur used. Therefore, the correct answer is 17.6 grams, which is the mass of sulfur used in the reaction.

Explanation

When 11.2 grams of iron powder (Fe) is heated with 6.4 grams of sulfur powder (S), the reaction produces iron(II) sulfide (FeS). According to the law of conservation of mass, the total mass of the reactants must be equal to the total mass of the products. Since the molar ratio between Fe and S in the reaction is 1:1, the mass of FeS formed will be equal to the mass of sulfur used. Therefore, the correct answer is 17.6 grams, which is the mass of sulfur used in the reaction.

4. Pakar kimia yang menyatakan hukum perbandingan volume adalah … .

Boyle

Gay Lussac

Rutherford

Dalton

Avogadro

The correct answer is Gay Lussac. Gay Lussac is a chemist who formulated the law of combining volumes, which states that the volumes of gases involved in a chemical reaction are in a simple ratio to each other and to the volumes of the products and reactants. This law is an important principle in understanding the behavior of gases. Boyle, Rutherford, Dalton, and Avogadro are also well-known chemists, but they are not specifically associated with the law of combining volumes.

Explanation

The correct answer is Gay Lussac. Gay Lussac is a chemist who formulated the law of combining volumes, which states that the volumes of gases involved in a chemical reaction are in a simple ratio to each other and to the volumes of the products and reactants. This law is an important principle in understanding the behavior of gases. Boyle, Rutherford, Dalton, and Avogadro are also well-known chemists, but they are not specifically associated with the law of combining volumes.

5. Di antara reaksi berikut yang mengikuti hukum kekekalan massa adalah...

5 gram belerang + 8 gram oksigen → 12 belerang oksida

6 gram Carbon + 4 gram Oksigen → 11 gram Karbondioksida

3 gram Natrium + 4 gram Klorida → 7 gram Natrium Klorida

4 gram belerang + 10 gram oksigen → 14 belerang oksida

2 gram belerang + 4 gram tembaga → 5 tembaga (II) sulfida

The given reaction of 3 grams of sodium and 4 grams of chloride forming 7 grams of sodium chloride follows the law of conservation of mass. This law states that mass cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction, it can only be rearranged. In this reaction, the total mass of the reactants (3 grams + 4 grams = 7 grams) is equal to the total mass of the product (7 grams). Therefore, the reaction obeys the law of conservation of mass.

Explanation

The given reaction of 3 grams of sodium and 4 grams of chloride forming 7 grams of sodium chloride follows the law of conservation of mass. This law states that mass cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction, it can only be rearranged. In this reaction, the total mass of the reactants (3 grams + 4 grams = 7 grams) is equal to the total mass of the product (7 grams). Therefore, the reaction obeys the law of conservation of mass.

6. Perbandingan massa atom-atom dalam senyawa adalah tetap. Pernyataan ini dikemukakan oleh ....

Lavoisier

Dalton

Proust

Gay-Lussac

Avogadro

The correct answer is Proust. This is because Proust's law of definite proportions states that the ratio of masses of elements in a compound is always constant. This means that the comparison of atomic masses in a compound remains fixed.

Explanation

The correct answer is Proust. This is because Proust's law of definite proportions states that the ratio of masses of elements in a compound is always constant. This means that the comparison of atomic masses in a compound remains fixed.

7. Perbandingan Fe : S adalah ...

1 : 2

2 : 3

4 : 3

5 : 8

7 : 8

The correct answer is 7 : 8. This means that the ratio of Fe to S is 7 to 8. In other words, for every 7 units of Fe, there are 8 units of S.

Explanation

The correct answer is 7 : 8. This means that the ratio of Fe to S is 7 to 8. In other words, for every 7 units of Fe, there are 8 units of S.

8. Diketahui senyawa:

H₂O
S
H₂O₂
O₂

Senyawa yang memenuhi ketentuan Hukum Dalton adalah...

Pernyataan (1), (2) dan (3)

Pernyataan (1) dan (3)

Pernyataan (2) dan (4)

Pernyataan (4) saja benar

Semua jawaban benar

The correct answer is "Pernyataan (1) dan (3)". This is because according to Dalton's Law, the total pressure exerted by a mixture of non-reacting gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases. In this case, statement (1) represents H2O, which is a compound of hydrogen and oxygen, and statement (3) represents O2, which is a molecule of oxygen. Both of these compounds are non-reacting gases, so their partial pressures can be added together to determine the total pressure. Therefore, only statements (1) and (3) satisfy Dalton's Law.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Pernyataan (1) dan (3)". This is because according to Dalton's Law, the total pressure exerted by a mixture of non-reacting gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases. In this case, statement (1) represents H2O, which is a compound of hydrogen and oxygen, and statement (3) represents O2, which is a molecule of oxygen. Both of these compounds are non-reacting gases, so their partial pressures can be added together to determine the total pressure. Therefore, only statements (1) and (3) satisfy Dalton's Law.

9. Pada reaksi pembakaran gas propana:
p C₃H₈ + q O₂ --> r CO₂ + s H₂O
reaksi akan menjadi setara bila p, q, r, dan s berturut-turut adalah …

1, 5, 3, dan 4

2, 3, 6, dan 4

1, 2, 5, dan 2

1, 3, 1, dan 3

2, 5, 2, dan 1

The balanced equation for the combustion of propane is C3H8 + 5O2 --> 3CO2 + 4H2O. This means that for every molecule of propane (C3H8), we need 5 molecules of oxygen (O2) to produce 3 molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2) and 4 molecules of water (H2O). Therefore, the correct values for p, q, r, and s are 1, 5, 3, and 4 respectively.

Explanation

The balanced equation for the combustion of propane is C3H8 + 5O2 --> 3CO2 + 4H2O. This means that for every molecule of propane (C3H8), we need 5 molecules of oxygen (O2) to produce 3 molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2) and 4 molecules of water (H2O). Therefore, the correct values for p, q, r, and s are 1, 5, 3, and 4 respectively.

10. Jika diketahui massa atom relatif Fe = 56 ; S = 32 ; dan O = 16, maka massa besi yang terdapat dalam 4 gram Fe₂(SO₄)₃ adalah….

4,00 gram

1,12 gram

0,56 gram

0,28 gram

0,01 gram

The molar mass of Fe2(SO4)3 can be calculated by adding the atomic masses of its constituent elements. The molar mass of Fe2(SO4)3 is (2 x 56) + (3 x 32) + (12 x 16) = 160 + 96 + 192 = 448 g/mol. To find the mass of Fe in 4 grams of Fe2(SO4)3, we can use the ratio of the molar mass of Fe to the molar mass of Fe2(SO4)3. The molar mass of Fe is 56 g/mol. So, the mass of Fe in 4 grams of Fe2(SO4)3 is (56/448) x 4 = 0.56 grams.

Explanation

The molar mass of Fe2(SO4)3 can be calculated by adding the atomic masses of its constituent elements. The molar mass of Fe2(SO4)3 is (2 x 56) + (3 x 32) + (12 x 16) = 160 + 96 + 192 = 448 g/mol. To find the mass of Fe in 4 grams of Fe2(SO4)3, we can use the ratio of the molar mass of Fe to the molar mass of Fe2(SO4)3. The molar mass of Fe is 56 g/mol. So, the mass of Fe in 4 grams of Fe2(SO4)3 is (56/448) x 4 = 0.56 grams.