Examen De Unidad 4: Hongos

Esporangiosporas se desarrollan dentro de un saco en la punta de la hifa.

The correct answer is "Bipartición, gemación y esporulación". These three stages represent different methods of asexual reproduction in fungi. Bipartición refers to the process of a cell dividing into two equal parts. Gemación involves the formation of a small bud or outgrowth that eventually detaches from the parent cell to become a new individual. Esporulación is the production of spores, which are reproductive structures that can develop into new organisms.

The correct answer explains that the growth above the surface of the medium is called aerial mycelium and its function is the reproduction of the fungus. On the other hand, the vegetative mycelium absorbs nutrients and water from the medium and grows below the surface.

The correct answer corresponds to the first option, where "1: Conidióforo" refers to the structure labeled as number 1 in the image, "2: Vesícula" refers to the structure labeled as number 2, "3: Fiálide" refers to the structure labeled as number 3, and "4: Conidiospora" refers to the structure labeled as number 4.

The correct answer states that conidiosporas are produced at the tip or side of a hifa (a filamentous structure in fungi) and they grow from there without being located in a special sac. This means that conidiosporas are formed through a process of fragmentation and growth from a vegetative progenitor cell, rather than being developed within a sac at the tip of the hifa.

Cándida albicans presenta blastoconidias de diferente tamaño, redondeadas, de pared delgada, gemantes, con hifas y/o pseudohifas.

The correct answer states that if the fungus is filamentous, it will form conidiospores and reproduce asexually through budding or binary fission. If the fungus is a yeast, it will also reproduce asexually through budding or binary fission. This explanation matches the information provided in the question and accurately describes the characteristics of the Ascomycota phylum.

The correct answer states that yeast cells vary in size up to 60 microns, have a single nucleus, reproduce mainly by budding, and can be found in the environment. In culture media like Sabouraud, they produce wet and creamy colonies. This answer accurately describes the complete and correct characteristics of yeast.

The correct answer describes the microscopic characteristics of Penicillium sp. It states that the conidiophores are straight, colorless, and have phialides that arise from the hypha or on metulae. The conidia are spherical, colorless, and have thin walls. This description matches the characteristics of Penicillium sp.

The correct answer explains that fungi filaments, called hyphae, can branch out and form a mycelium as they grow. The hyphae can either be cenocytic, meaning that the protoplasm flows through them without any divisions, or they can be septate, which indicates the presence of divisions that prevent the protoplasm from flowing. This explanation accurately describes the characteristics of filamentous fungi.

The correct answer is "Son microorganismos eucariotas, quimiooorganoheterótrofas, la mayoría son aerobios, su pared celular posee peptidoglucano, poseen esporas, se nutren por absorción y se reproducen sexual y asexualmente." This answer is incorrect because it states that the fungal cell wall contains peptidoglycan, which is a characteristic of bacterial cell walls, not fungal cell walls. Fungal cell walls are composed of chitin.

A superficial mycosis can be acquired through direct contact with affected individuals or animals with fungi, affecting the skin, nails, and hair as it has an affinity for the keratin in these regions and can thin the hair.

Aspergillus sp. presenta conidióforos largos, solitarios, sin color, con una cabezuela radiada. Los conidios son globosos. Al conjunto de la vesícula, fiálides y conidios se le denomina cabeza conidial. This means that Aspergillus sp. has long, solitary, colorless conidiophores with a radiated head. The conidia are globular in shape. The combination of the vesicle, phialides, and conidia is called the conidial head.

The correct answer is "En cada hifa se forman las estructuras reproductoras sexuales que forman una estructura que parece un tallo." This answer accurately describes the characteristics of the Basidiomycota fungi. It states that the sexual reproductive structures are formed in each hypha, which then form a structure resembling a stem. This is a defining characteristic of Basidiomycota fungi. The other options either do not mention the sexual reproductive structures or provide incorrect information.