Revisión De Antropología Era

The correct answer is "Es una teoría." This is because the Big Bang theory is a scientific explanation for the origin of the universe. It is based on extensive evidence and has been widely accepted by the scientific community. It proposes that the universe began from a singularity and has been expanding ever since.

Los científicos explican que las variaciones que hacen que los seres vivos sean diferentes se ubican en el ADN.

The correct answer is 20.000 millones de años. This answer states that the Big Bang occurred approximately 20,000 million years ago. The Big Bang is the scientific theory that explains the origin of the universe, and it is believed to have occurred around 13.8 billion years ago. Therefore, 20,000 million years is a reasonable approximation of the age of the Big Bang.

Darwin y Wallace sostienen que las especies pueden cambiar a lo largo del tiempo debido a la selección natural. La selección natural es el proceso por el cual las características favorables para la supervivencia y reproducción de una especie se transmiten a las siguientes generaciones, mientras que las características desfavorables tienden a desaparecer. Esto implica que las especies no son inmutables y pueden experimentar transformaciones a través de la selección natural.

The correct answer is a. Darwin is the author of the Theory of Evolution. This is because Charles Darwin is widely recognized as the scientist who proposed the theory of evolution through natural selection, which explains how species change over time. His work, particularly his book "On the Origin of Species," revolutionized the understanding of biology and had a profound impact on the scientific community.

The correct answer is "Efecto Doppler". The explanation for this is that the Doppler effect refers to the change in frequency or wavelength of a wave as observed by an observer moving relative to the source of the wave. In the context of light, when a source of light moves towards an observer, the frequency of the light waves increases, causing a shift towards the blue end of the spectrum (known as blue shift). Conversely, when a source of light moves away from an observer, the frequency of the light waves decreases, causing a shift towards the red end of the spectrum (known as red shift).

The correct answer is "Teoría del estado estacionario." This theory, proposed by Fred Hoyle, suggests that the universe has no beginning or end and has always existed in a steady state. It argues against the Big Bang theory, which proposes that the universe originated from a singularity. The theory of the steady state suggests that new matter is continuously being created to maintain a constant density in the expanding universe.

The correct answer is a. La ausencia de ozono en la atmosfera primitiva permitía mayor llegada de rayos UV. This explanation suggests that in the early atmosphere, there was no ozone layer to absorb and block ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun. As a result, more UV rays would have reached the Earth's surface, potentially affecting the development of life and the environment.

The correct answer is to link and compare structures and organs of different species in an attempt to find a relationship. Comparative anatomy involves studying the similarities and differences in the anatomical structures of different species to understand their evolutionary relationships and common ancestry. By comparing the structures and organs of different species, scientists can identify similarities that suggest a shared evolutionary history and determine how species are related to each other. This helps in understanding the process of evolution and the diversity of life on Earth.

The correct answer is "Teoría del Big Crunch." This theory suggests that the universe would eventually start to contract, causing its temperature to rise and galaxies to come together. The Big Crunch theory is a proposed scenario for the ultimate fate of the universe, in which it collapses back in on itself. This is in contrast to the Big Bang theory, which proposes that the universe began with a massive explosion and has been expanding ever since. The other options, "Teoría de la generación espontánea" and "Teoría cuántica," are unrelated to the question and are not relevant explanations for the scenario described.

The idea that "It is possible to prove the falsity of some theories but never their definitive truth" aligns with the philosophy of Karl Popper. Popper argued that scientific theories can only be tested and falsified through empirical evidence, but they can never be proven definitively true. This concept is known as falsificationism, and it distinguishes Popper's philosophy of science from other theories proposed by Kuhn, Copernicus, and Galileo.

The correct answer is "La paleontología". El neo-darwinismo se basa en los aportes de la sistemática y la genética para explicar la evolución de las especies. La paleontología también es fundamental en esta teoría, ya que estudia los fósiles y proporciona evidencia de organismos extintos que han evolucionado a lo largo del tiempo. La economía, la arqueología y la geología no están directamente relacionadas con los aportes del neo-darwinismo.

The correct answer is "El fijismo". The question asks for the opposite trend of transformism, which emerged between the 18th and 19th centuries. Fijismo, or fixism, is the belief that species are unchanging and have remained the same since their creation. This is in contrast to transformism, which proposes that species can change and evolve over time.

The correct answer is "La paleontología, la sistemática y la genética." The neodarwinism emerged from the contributions of these three fields. Paleontology provides evidence of the existence of extinct species and their transitional forms, which support the theory of evolution. Systematics helps classify and organize species based on their evolutionary relationships. Genetics provides the mechanism of inheritance and variation, explaining how traits are passed down from one generation to another. Together, these three disciplines contribute to the understanding of evolution and the development of the neodarwinism theory.

The correct answer is "descenso de la laringe" which translates to "descent of the larynx". This modification in the modern human allows for the articulation of language. As the larynx descends, it creates a longer vocal tract, which enables the production of a wider range of sounds necessary for speech. This anatomical change is crucial for the development and use of language in humans.

The correct answer is "que es isótopo del Hidrogeno". The explanation is that deuterium is an isotope of hydrogen. Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei. Deuterium has one proton and one neutron in its nucleus, while regular hydrogen (also known as protium) has just one proton. Deuterium is often used in nuclear reactions and as a tracer in scientific studies.

Pasteur's experiments demonstrated that non-living matter can become contaminated with microorganisms. This was a significant discovery because it disproved the theory of spontaneous generation, which suggested that living organisms could arise spontaneously from non-living matter. Pasteur's experiments showed that microorganisms were responsible for the spoilage of food and beverages, and that sterilizing the environment could prevent their growth. This paved the way for the development of pasteurization, a process that kills harmful bacteria in food and drink by heating them to a specific temperature.

The given classifications are all related to the evolution of Homo sapiens, except for "Coníferas." Vertebrados refers to organisms with a backbone, which includes humans. Placentarios refers to mammals that give birth to live young, which includes humans. Mamíferos refers to mammals, which includes humans. However, Coníferas refers to a group of plants that includes pine trees, which is not related to the evolution of Homo sapiens.

The correct answer is "Intervalos mayores llamados Eras y sus Periodos que son intervalos menores." This answer explains that geochronology measures and divides time into larger intervals called Eras and smaller intervals called Periods.

The purpose of the Beagle expedition was to complete a cartographic study. This means that the main objective of the expedition was to map and chart different areas of the world. The other options, such as Darwin's academic formation and finding different species, may have been secondary goals or outcomes of the expedition, but the primary purpose was to carry out a cartographic study.

The correct answer is Africanus. The given options are all different species of the Australopithecus genus. Among these options, Africanus is the correct answer because it is the only species that originated in Africa. The other options, Anamensis, Bonsei, and Ramidus, are also species of Australopithecus, but they originated in different regions of Africa.

Charles Darwin sostenía que hombres y simios tienen un origen común. Esta idea se basa en su teoría de la evolución, en la cual postula que todas las especies comparten un ancestro común y que las diferencias entre ellas han surgido a lo largo del tiempo debido a la selección natural y la adaptación al entorno. Esta teoría revolucionaria desafió la creencia tradicional de que los seres humanos eran una creación única y separada de otras especies. En lugar de eso, Darwin propuso que compartimos un linaje evolutivo con los simios, lo cual ha sido respaldado por numerosas evidencias científicas desde entonces.

According to Lamarck's Theory of Biological Evolution, any changes acquired by an organism during its lifetime, whether it be acquiring or losing certain traits, will be passed on to future generations. This is known as the principle of inheritance of acquired characteristics. Lamarck believed that the environment plays a crucial role in shaping an organism's traits and that these acquired traits can be inherited by offspring. Therefore, the correct answer is "Lo que la naturaleza hizo adquirir o perder se conservara en generaciones posteriores" which translates to "What nature made acquire or lose will be preserved in future generations."

Aristóteles fue considerado el padre de la Zoología porque realizó importantes estudios y clasificaciones de los animales, sentando las bases para el estudio científico de la vida animal. Sus obras, como "Historia de los animales" y "Partes de los animales", fueron fundamentales para el desarrollo de la zoología como disciplina. Además, Aristóteles fue el primero en utilizar el método científico para estudiar y analizar los animales, observando sus características y comportamientos. Por lo tanto, se le atribuye el título de padre de la zoología.

Aristotle considered three degrees of souls: vegetative, sensitive, and intellectual. These degrees represent different levels of consciousness and abilities. The vegetative soul is associated with plants and encompasses functions such as growth, nutrition, and reproduction. The sensitive soul is found in animals and includes the ability to perceive and respond to stimuli. The intellectual soul is unique to humans and involves higher cognitive functions such as reasoning and understanding. Therefore, the correct answer is "Vegetativa, sensitiva e intelectiva."

Darwin se asombró al llegar al Río de la Plata por las especies que encontró, las características del río y la población que habitaba en la zona.

The characteristic that does not correspond to primates is "Muchas crías por parto" (Many offspring per birth). Primates typically have a low reproductive rate, with most species giving birth to only one offspring at a time. This is in contrast to other animals, such as rodents or rabbits, which tend to have large litters.

Homo habilis is credited with the manufacture of choppers. This early human species, which lived around 2.3 to 1.4 million years ago, is known for its tool-making abilities. Choppers are simple stone tools that were used for cutting and chopping tasks. Homo habilis is considered one of the first hominids to have used tools, making them an important species in the development of human technology and culture.

The correct answer is that the first Eve was African. This is supported by scientific evidence that suggests that modern humans originated in Africa and migrated to other parts of the world. The term "Eve" is used metaphorically to refer to the most recent common ancestor of all living humans, and based on genetic studies, this ancestor is believed to have lived in Africa. Therefore, it can be concluded that the first Eve was African.

The correct answer is Sierra de Atapuerca (Burgos). This is the location where the anthropologist Emiliano Aguirre made his fossil discoveries.

The correct answer is c. La datación es una técnica que utiliza la desintegración radiactiva y permite fechar acontecimientos. This answer explains that datación is a technique that uses radioactive decay to determine the age of events. It suggests that this technique can be used to determine the age of the Earth.

Genetics and molecular biology allow the study of DNA to establish molecular phylogenies. This means that through these fields, scientists can analyze the DNA of different organisms to determine their evolutionary relationships and trace their ancestry. This process involves comparing DNA sequences and identifying similarities and differences, which can provide valuable insights into the evolutionary history of species.

The correct answer is "Dedo gordo del pie oponible" because the opposable big toe is actually a characteristic of hominids. It allows them to grasp and manipulate objects with their feet, which is a trait that distinguishes them from other primates. The other options listed are adaptations that are typical of hominids, such as the vertical insertion of the femur in the pelvis, the larger and rounder skull, and the development of the heel and arch of the foot.

La Venus de Willendorf es una estatuilla prehistórica que representa el cuerpo femenino con características exageradas de fertilidad, como senos grandes, vientre abultado y caderas anchas. Esta figura ha sido interpretada como un símbolo de fertilidad debido a su énfasis en las características asociadas con la capacidad reproductiva de las mujeres. Por lo tanto, la respuesta correcta es fertilidad.

The correct answer is "El proceso de constitución de los seres humanos modernos". This is because the term "hominización" refers to the process by which modern humans evolved from their primate ancestors. It encompasses the various biological, cultural, and behavioral changes that occurred over millions of years, leading to the development of Homo sapiens as we know them today. The other options mentioned in the question are not directly related to the concept of hominization.

A. afarensis is considered the oldest hominid because it lived around 3.9 to 2.9 million years ago. This species is known for its bipedal locomotion and is believed to be a direct ancestor of modern humans. A. robustus, A. africanus, and Homo habilis are all hominid species that lived after A. afarensis and are not as old.

The correct answer is "Afectan la organización del cuerpo y sus partes." This means that the direct action of the environment affects the organization of the body and its parts. This suggests that the conditions imposed by the environment can have a direct impact on the physical structure and organization of an organism's body.

The exclusive characteristic of Homo erectus is the utilization of fire. This behavior sets Homo erectus apart from other species as they were the first known hominin to control and use fire for various purposes such as cooking, protection, and warmth. The ability to control fire provided Homo erectus with a significant advantage in terms of survival and adaptation to different environments.

The correct answer is "Sub especie del Homo sapiens." This means that currently, the Neanderthal Man is classified as a subspecies of Homo sapiens. This suggests that Neanderthals were closely related to modern humans and may have interbred with them. This classification is based on genetic evidence that shows similarities between Neanderthals and modern humans.

The correct answer is Equinodermos. "Estrellas de mar" is the Spanish term for starfish, which are a type of echinoderm. Echinoderms are a group of marine animals that also include sea urchins, sea cucumbers, and sea lilies. They are characterized by their radial symmetry and spiny skin. Almejas y pulpos (clams and octopuses), esponjas y corales (sponges and corals), and anfibios (amphibians) are not classified as echinoderms.

The correct answer is d. Lepra. Lepra, also known as leprosy, was the most feared infectious disease among the Israelites. This disease is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae and primarily affects the skin, nerves, and mucous membranes. It is a chronic condition that can cause disfiguration and disabilities if left untreated. In ancient times, leprosy was highly stigmatized and those affected were often isolated from society. Therefore, it was a disease that instilled fear and dread among the Israelites.

Carl von Linneo believed that Homo sapiens was a product of divine creation.

Eugene Dubois discovered the so-called "Hombre de Java" or "Java Man".

The correct answer is c. Reproducción. The other options, terrestrialidad (terrestriality), bipedestación (bipedalism), and encefalización (encephalization), all refer to key evolutionary traits that mark the transition towards modern humans. Terrestriality refers to the adaptation to living on land, bipedalism is the ability to walk on two feet, and encephalization refers to the increase in brain size and complexity. Reproduction, on the other hand, is a fundamental biological process that is not unique to humans and does not specifically contribute to the development of modern human characteristics.

According to the anthropologist Francisco Ayala, what differentiates humans from anthropoids are their abilities in art, language, and culture. These three aspects are unique to humans and are not found in anthropoids.

Rebeca Cann is the correct answer because she was one of the researchers who proposed the Mitochondrial Eve hypothesis. This hypothesis suggests that all humans alive today can trace their maternal ancestry back to a single woman who lived in Africa around 200,000 years ago. Cann, along with her colleagues Allan Wilson and Mark Stoneking, conducted genetic research on mitochondrial DNA to support this hypothesis. Their study found that mitochondrial DNA is passed down exclusively from mothers to their offspring, providing evidence for a common maternal ancestor.

The correct answer is "estrecho de Bering y por mar desde Australia." This means that the population towards America could have occurred through the Bering Strait and by sea from Australia. This suggests that there were two possible routes for human migration to the Americas: one through the Bering Strait, which connects northeastern Asia with northwestern North America, and another by sea from Australia.

The correct answer is "Efecto Hubble". The estimation of the age of the Universe is correlated with a mathematical correlation between the distance between galaxies and their relative velocity. The increase in velocity with distance is known as the Hubble effect, named after Edwin Hubble, who discovered this correlation. This effect suggests that the Universe is expanding, leading to the estimation of its age.

The correct answer is a. The explanation for this answer is that photosynthesis is a process by which plants and other organisms convert carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates and release oxygen as a byproduct. This process occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells and is essential for the production of oxygen in the atmosphere.

The correct answer is "reloj molecular". This is because the question is asking for the name of the dating method used by molecular biologists for fossils. The term "reloj molecular" translates to "molecular clock" in English, which refers to the use of genetic data to estimate the time of divergence between different species. This method relies on the assumption that DNA sequences accumulate mutations at a relatively constant rate over time, allowing scientists to estimate how long ago two species shared a common ancestor.