Стилистични тропи и фигури

The correct answer is "гнездо." In this context, "гнездо" is used as a metaphor for home. A nest is a safe and comfortable place where birds build their homes and raise their young. Similarly, a home is a place where people feel secure, protected, and comfortable. The use of "гнездо" as a metaphor emphasizes the idea of a home as a place of warmth, safety, and belonging.

The correct answer is "Сиротна песен" because it is the only option that includes an artistic description. The other titles do not contain any artistic or poetic language, making them less likely to be a "художествено определение" (artistic definition).

The correct answer is "оксиморон" because it refers to the combining of contradictory or opposite terms in a single expression. An example of an oxymoron is "jumbo shrimp" where the words "jumbo" and "shrimp" have opposite meanings. In this question, the term "обединяването на логически взаимоизключващи се понятия в един израз" (the combining of logically contradictory concepts into one expression) aligns with the definition of an oxymoron.

The expression "за тъжний роден звук" (for a sad native sound) implies a gradation of qualities as it describes a sound that is both sad and native. Gradation is a literary device that involves arranging words or phrases in a series in order of increasing or decreasing importance, intensity, or quality. In this case, the gradation is used to convey the emotional and cultural significance of the sound being described.

The adjectives "грешна" (wrong) and "хубава" (beautiful) create a contrast in the description of the heroine. The narrator acknowledges that she was flawed, but also acknowledges her physical beauty. This contrast highlights the complexity of her character and adds depth to her portrayal.

A metaphorical epithet is a descriptive phrase that uses metaphor to convey a certain quality or characteristic. In this case, the phrase "тъмна неизвестност" (dark unknown) uses metaphor to describe a state of uncertainty or lack of knowledge. The adjective "тъмна" (dark) suggests that the unknown is mysterious, obscure, or potentially dangerous. This metaphorical epithet adds depth and imagery to the description, evoking a sense of anticipation or fear associated with the unknown.

The given correct answer is "разгърнато сравнение" (expanded comparison). This is because the last two lines of the quote are likely to present a comparison between two things, where one is described in more detail or expanded upon. This can be inferred from the word "разгърнато," which means expanded or unfolded, suggesting that the comparison is elaborated upon.

In this excerpt from the poem "Прорицател" by T. Trayanov, the word "неземен" (unearthly) is used as a metaphorical epithet. The speaker describes themselves as carrying an unearthly gift, burning skies, the sorrow of a dark north, the ray of a bright south, and the resounding steel of unwavering hymns. The use of "неземен" adds a sense of otherworldliness and transcendence to the speaker's description, emphasizing the extraordinary nature of their abilities and emotions.

The correct answer is "този скъп дар" и "стар пожълтял малък портрет" because these phrases present a contrast between something valuable ("този скъп дар") and something old and faded ("стар пожълтял малък портрет"). The use of contrasting adjectives emphasizes the difference between the two objects.

The expression "тихо подплиснуваше" does not contain a verb metaphor. It simply describes someone or something quietly splashing. The other expressions in the list all contain verb metaphors, such as "потъна в мрака" (sank into darkness) and "земята отвори" (the earth opened).

The phrase "оставен от сръчната и майсторска ръка" (left by the skillful and masterful hand) uses metonymy, a figure of speech where one word or phrase is substituted for another that is closely related or associated with it. In this case, the phrase is using the hand as a metonymy for the person or artist who created or crafted something skillfully.

The correct answer is "родно огнище" and "мало и голямо". These phrases use synecdoche, a figure of speech where a part is used to represent the whole or vice versa. In this case, "родно огнище" represents one's homeland or place of origin, while "мало и голямо" represents everything or everyone, regardless of size or importance. These phrases highlight the use of specific words to convey a broader meaning.

The correct answer is "антитеза" because the last line of the quote presents a contrasting idea or opposition between two concepts.

The expression "сълзи спотаени" is an example of an epithet. An epithet is a descriptive term or phrase that is used to characterize a person, thing, or quality. In this case, the phrase "сълзи спотаени" describes tears that are shed in a specific way, suggesting that they are abundant or flowing freely. This epithet adds vividness and emotion to the description, enhancing the overall imagery of the expression.

The correct answer is "метафора" because the phrase "часовникът люлее свойто слънце от метал" compares the movement of the clock's pendulum to the movement of the sun. This comparison suggests that the pendulum represents the sun, using metaphorical language to create a vivid image.

The correct answer is the parallelism between the phrases "светъл път към неизвестност тъмна" and "примамливите двери/ на тъмна неизвестност". This parallelism is evident in the contrast between the words "светъл" (bright) and "тъмна" (dark), highlighting the idea of a contrasting path towards the unknown. The use of parallel structure in these phrases creates a balance and symmetry, emphasizing the contrasting nature of the path towards the unknown.

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The correct answer is "разгърната метафора" because the fragment "звънтящата стомана/ на химни непреклонни" uses the comparison between the sound of steel and unwavering hymns to create a vivid and imaginative description. This comparison goes beyond a simple metaphor and extends it by providing further details and imagery.

The words "Честит" and "клет" are permanent epithets because they are used to describe the king and the slave respectively in a consistent and recurring manner throughout the poem. They serve as fixed attributes to these characters, emphasizing their roles and identities.

The passage uses the phrase "грубите черни ръце" (rough black hands) to refer to the labor or work done by those hands. This is an example of metonymy, where a part of something is used to represent the whole. In this case, the hands represent the physical labor or work being done.

The correct answer is "закърпен." This is because the word "закърпен" is used metaphorically in the given context. The other options do not fit the metaphorical usage of the word and are not relevant to the given question.

The statement "кръжат около светла лампа" is a metaphor because it compares the action of butterflies circling around a bright lamp to the thoughts and memories swirling around Georg Henich's head. The use of this metaphor adds depth and imagery to the description of Georg's state of mind.

The phrase "тъмно грееше" can be understood as a paradox because the two words used in combination seem contradictory. "Тъмно" means dark, which implies a lack of light, while "грееше" means to warm or heat, which implies the presence of light or heat. Therefore, the phrase "тъмно грееше" creates a paradoxical situation where something dark is also warming or heating, which goes against our usual understanding of these concepts.

The given lines from Pencho Slaveikov's poem present a paradox. The speaker states that the person addressed and even the famous poet Homer were blind, yet in their blindness, they were able to see more clearly than those with sight. This contradiction creates a paradox, as it goes against the common understanding that blindness hinders one's ability to see.

The given statement "сълза когато се отрони, в ответ възкръсват рой звезди" is a metaphor. It compares the act of a tear falling to the resurrection of a swarm of stars, using figurative language to create a vivid and imaginative image.

The correct answer is "епитети" (epithets). In the given excerpt from the poem "Юноша" by Hristo Smirnenski, the underlined expressions serve as descriptive words or phrases that add vividness and imagery to the text. They enhance the meaning and create a more expressive and poetic language. For example, "сивия ден" (gray day) and "цветната майска зора" (colorful May dawn) are both epithets that provide visual descriptions and evoke certain emotions in the reader.

The expression "патерицата… не се и помръдна" is an example of metonymy. Metonymy is a figure of speech where one word or phrase is substituted for another that is closely associated with it. In this case, "патерицата" (the walking stick) is used to represent a person who is not moving or taking any action. The use of the walking stick as a symbol for the person emphasizes their lack of movement or progress.

The correct answer is that the phrases "лениво спокойствие" (lazy tranquility) and "тайнствените й недра" (its mysterious depths) contain metaphorical epithets. This means that these phrases use descriptive words or phrases to create a vivid image or comparison. In this case, the words "лениво" (lazy) and "тайнствените" (mysterious) are used to enhance the description of tranquility and depths respectively.

The correct answer is "епитет". In the given excerpt, the phrase "предсмъртни песни надгробни" is describing or characterizing the noun "викове" (cries) by adding an adjective that emphasizes the association with death and graves. This use of descriptive language is a characteristic of an epithet.

The correct answer is "антитеза". The given line "последни сме - да бъдем първи!" contains an antithesis, which is a figure of speech that juxtaposes contrasting ideas or words for emphasis. In this case, the contrasting ideas of "последни" (last) and "първи" (first) create a strong contrast and highlight the speaker's desire to be first despite being last.

The phrase "стонове вековни" (centuries-old moans) in the given quote from the poem "Bulgarian Language" by Ivan Vazov represents hyperbole. Hyperbole is a figure of speech that involves exaggeration for emphasis or dramatic effect. In this case, the poet uses exaggerated language to emphasize the long-lasting suffering and hardships associated with the Bulgarian language. The phrase suggests that the language has been a source of pain and struggle for centuries, highlighting its significance and the sacrifices made by previous generations.

The statement is correct because both "мойте детски дни" and "моя взор стъмни" are examples of syntactic parallelism. Syntactic parallelism is a rhetorical device that involves the repetition of similar grammatical structures in a sentence or a phrase for emphasis or artistic effect. In this case, both phrases follow the same pattern of possessive pronoun + adjective + noun, creating a parallel structure.

The passage describes the car as if it were a sick person, using human-like characteristics to portray its condition. The car is personified, with its body described as weakened and its joints described as steel. It is said to cough and breathe heavily, as if it has a respiratory illness. These personifications give the car human-like qualities and emotions, making it an example of personification.

The expression "потънал в пот" (sunk in sweat) contains a metaphor, as it uses the image of sinking to describe being immersed or overwhelmed by sweat. A metaphor is a figure of speech that compares two unrelated things by stating that one thing is another. In this case, the speaker is comparing the person's state to being submerged in a liquid, emphasizing the intensity or amount of sweat.

The given correct answer is "антитеза" because the phrases "едно време" (once upon a time) and "но сега" (but now) create a contrast or opposition between two different time periods. This contrast is characteristic of antithesis, where two contrasting ideas or elements are juxtaposed for emphasis or rhetorical effect.

The nouns "стави" and "храна" are used metaphorically to represent something else. This means that they are being used to describe or symbolize something in a figurative way, rather than their literal meaning.

The word "човек" is used as a synecdoche in the given excerpt. Synecdoche is a figure of speech where a part is used to represent the whole or vice versa. In this case, the word "човек" is used to represent the people or individuals in society. The author uses this word to criticize the behavior and attitude of the people in society, highlighting their flaws and shortcomings. The word "човек" is not meant to be taken literally, but rather symbolically to convey a broader message about human nature and society.

The statement "Словосъчетанието 'сега нищо не личеше' е литота" is correct. A litotes is a figure of speech that uses understatement to emphasize a point by stating a negative to express a positive. In this case, the phrase "сега нищо не личеше" (now nothing was visible) is a form of litotes because it downplays the visibility of something, implying that it was completely invisible.

The expression "противниковият генерал" is a metaphor because it is using the term "противниковият" (opponent's) to describe the general. This implies that the general is being compared to an opponent or enemy, suggesting that the general is formidable or difficult to overcome.

The phrase "грухтеше от време на време" contains a verb metaphor. The word "грухтеше" (rumble) is used metaphorically to describe a sound or noise that is similar to the rumbling of thunder or the collapse of a building. This metaphorical use of the verb adds a vivid and descriptive element to the sentence, creating a more engaging and expressive description of the sound.

The phrase "новия храм" (new temple) is a metaphor for the читалището (community center). The author is comparing the importance and significance of the community center to that of a sacred place of worship. Just as a temple is a central gathering place for religious and cultural activities, the author envisions the community center as a place of cultural celebration and enlightenment for the town. The use of metaphor adds depth and symbolism to the description of the community center.

The expression "работеше гюла си" is an example of synecdoche, which is a figure of speech where a part of something is used to represent the whole or vice versa. In this case, "гюла си" is a specific part (a hat) that is used to represent the whole person working.

The sentences "Мир и ведрина повея от дълбокото звездно небе" and "Влага и хладина лъхаше из тайнствените й недра" exhibit both syntactic and figurative parallelism. They use a similar structure and rhythm in their construction, with the repetition of coordinating conjunctions ("и" in this case) and the parallel placement of nouns and verbs. Additionally, they create a parallelism of imagery, with the first sentence describing a peaceful and clear atmosphere coming from the deep starry sky, while the second sentence describes a damp and cool atmosphere emanating from mysterious depths.

The correct answer is "Въпросът във втората строфа е реторичен." This means that the question in the second stanza is rhetorical.

The sentence "Народът добър, а хората лоши!" expresses a paradox because it presents a contradictory statement. It states that the people as a whole are good, but the individuals are bad, which is contradictory and unexpected.

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The expression "не без удоволствие" is an example of litotes. Litotes is a figure of speech that uses understatement to emphasize a point by negating its opposite. In this case, the expression means "with some pleasure" or "not without pleasure," implying that there is indeed some level of enjoyment.

The correct answer is "двете части в първия стих на втората строфа." This means that there is a syntactic parallelism with embedded semantic contrast between the two parts of the first line in the second stanza.

The correct answer is stating that the expression "човешката грижа" (human care) is a metaphor for human compassion. This means that the term is not to be taken literally, but rather as a figurative representation of the concept of caring and empathy towards others.

The correct answer is "бюфета и тезгяха" because олицетворението, or personification, is a figure of speech that gives human qualities or characteristics to inanimate objects. In this case, the technique of personification is used to describe the buffet and the tables, implying that they possess human-like qualities or characteristics.

The phrase "на най-високото стъпало, на върха" is a metaphor because it is using figurative language to compare being at the highest step or at the top to something else. It is not meant to be taken literally but to convey a deeper meaning or image.

The correct answer is "учреждението" because the passage is using personification to represent an institution. The other options, such as "вратата" (the door), "навалицата" (the avalanche), and "хипопотама" (the hippopotamus), do not make sense in the context of the passage.

The correct answer is "Всички твърдения са неверни." This is because all the statements provided in the question are incorrect. The two sentences in the third verse do not create a paradox, the adjective "възсияла" is not a figurative definition, the noun "двери" is not a metaphor, and there is no inversion in the second verse.

The correct answer is "гротескна." The scene with the giving of the portrait can be described as grotesque, meaning it is characterized by absurdity, exaggeration, and distortion. This suggests that the scene is likely to be comically or absurdly exaggerated, perhaps in a way that is intended to provoke laughter or shock.

The correct answer is "се обади ясен мъжки глас." This phrase uses metonymy, a figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another that is closely associated with it. In this case, the word "глас" (voice) is used to represent the person who is speaking. Instead of directly saying "a man called," the phrase uses the word "глас" to imply that a man's voice was heard.

The highlighted expression "пламък призрачен извира/ в гъсти виещи мъгли" is not a metaphorical epithet because it directly describes the action of a flame emerging from thick swirling fog. It does not use figurative language or compare the flame to something else.

The phrase "крушовидни пространства" does not contain a metaphor. It is a literal description of spaces that are pear-shaped. The other phrases, such as "тъжна светлина" (sad light) and "унило висяха" (dull hanging), use metaphorical language to convey emotions or descriptions.