ІСТОРІЯ КІНО І ТЕЛЕБАЧЕННЯ

The correct answer is b) тривожному освітленню, внесенню негативного зображення у позитивну копію. In the film "Nosferatu - Symphony of Horror" directed by Friedrich Murnau in 1922, an unreal atmosphere was created through the use of unsettling lighting and the technique of introducing negative images into positive copies. This technique added to the overall sense of horror and unease in the film.

The correct answer is "а) Людина з кам'янним обличчям". This is because the phrase "Кінематографічна маска Бастера Кітона" translates to "Cinematic mask of Buster Keaton". Among the given options, "Людина з кам'янним обличчям" translates to "The man with a stone face", which is a well-known nickname for Buster Keaton due to his stoic and expressionless demeanor in his films.

The correct answer is A) Співак джазу. This is because the question is asking for the first sound film where live speech of a screen character appeared. "Співак джазу" is a Ukrainian film released in 1930, which is considered to be the first sound film in the Soviet Union. It featured synchronized sound and dialogue, marking the introduction of live speech in films.

The correct answer is "а) 'Співак джазу'". This film is known for being the first sound film in which live speech of a character was heard on screen. It was released in 1927 and marked a significant milestone in the development of cinema, as it introduced synchronized sound and dialogue to the medium.

"Слепстіки" were slapstick films in the American cinema of the 1920s. Slapstick comedy is a type of physical comedy characterized by exaggerated, boisterous actions, and accidents. These films often incorporated elements of circus tricks, such as acrobatics and stunts, to create humorous and entertaining scenes. Therefore, option В) correctly describes "слепстіки" as farcical films that used elements of circus tricks.

The correct answer is A) імперсіонізму. The German expressionist movement in the 1920s can be seen as a creative and ideological alternative to impressionism. Impressionism focused on capturing the fleeting moment and the play of light and color, while German expressionism aimed to convey emotional and psychological states through distorted forms and intense colors. The expressionists rejected the objective representation of the external world and instead sought to express their inner experiences and perceptions. This contrast between the two movements makes German expressionism a viable alternative to impressionism.

"Слепстіки" у американському кінематографі 1920-х років були фарсовими фільмами, в яких використовувались елементи циркових трюків. Ці фільми відрізнялися веселою і жвавою атмосферою, часто містили комедійні сцени з акробатикою, фокусами та іншими трюками. Вони були популярними серед глядачів того часу і вважаються одним з важливих жанрів американського кіно 1920-х років.

The film "Intolerance" by D.W. Griffith is composed of four main storylines.

In the 1930s, Hollywood directors did not have the final say in the editing process of their films. However, John Ford was an exception to this rule. He had the official right to make the final edits to his films during this time period.

The correct answer is A) До імпресіонізму. The question asks about the style of poetic realism in French cinema in the 1930s. Impressionism was a style that focused on capturing the fleeting impressions of a scene or moment, often using techniques such as soft focus, natural lighting, and a focus on atmosphere and mood. Poetic realism in French cinema of the 1930s drew heavily from impressionism, with its emphasis on creating a poetic and emotional atmosphere through visual techniques. Therefore, the style of poetic realism in French cinema in the 1930s was closely related to impressionism.

The correct answer for the question is "а) драма взаємин людини з природою" which means "the drama of the relationship between humans and nature". This suggests that the main motive of Alexander Dovzhenko's creativity is to explore and depict the complex and intertwined connections between humans and the natural world.

Т.- А. Едісон був винахідником кінематографічної системи.

The main innovation of Walt Disney's studio lies in the significant improvement of animated cinema. This can be seen in the studio's development of new techniques, such as the multiplane camera, which allowed for more depth and realism in animation. Disney also focused on storytelling and character development, creating memorable and relatable characters that audiences could connect with. These innovations revolutionized the animation industry and set a new standard for animated films.

The correct answer is A) Україна в огні. This film by Oleksandr Dovzhenko received sharp negative criticism from Stalin because it depicted the harsh realities of collectivization and the Ukrainian famine of 1932-1933, known as the Holodomor. Stalin wanted to suppress any negative portrayals of Soviet policies and maintain a positive image of the Soviet Union.

The first films created by the Lumière brothers consisted of a series of 50-second clips that showcased movement. These films were short in duration and focused on capturing various movements, such as people walking or performing simple actions. This format allowed the brothers to experiment with the new medium of cinema and demonstrate its potential to capture and reproduce motion.

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The innovation of David Griffith lies in his transition to psychologically motivated close-ups.

The correct answer is а) у поєднанні елементів літератури, театру, живопису, музики, хореографії. This answer suggests that the synthetic nature of cinema lies in the combination of elements from literature, theater, painting, music, and choreography. Cinema is a multi-disciplinary art form that incorporates various artistic elements to create a unique and immersive experience for the audience.

The directors of the "Brighton School" made a contribution to cinema by using innovative editing techniques within the scene. This means that they focused on the construction and arrangement of shots within the frame to create a specific effect or convey a particular meaning. They experimented with different ways of editing scenes to enhance the storytelling and visual impact of their films.

The correct answer is "а) уникнути банкрутства." This means that the motivation behind Warner Bros.' transition to sound cinema was to avoid bankruptcy. This suggests that the company saw sound cinema as a potential solution to their financial struggles and believed that it would help them stay afloat in the industry.

The correct answer is "a) комедія абсурду" because the film "Качиний суп" directed by Лео МакКері is a comedy that incorporates elements of absurdity. Absurd comedy often features nonsensical or illogical situations, exaggerated characters, and bizarre or surreal humor. This type of comedy challenges traditional storytelling and aims to provoke laughter through its absurd and unconventional nature.

The correct answer is "а) 'Земля'". This is because "Земля" is the last silent film in the works of Oleksandr Dovzhenko.

Джон Форд був голлівудським режисером 1930-х років, який мав офіційне право на остаточний монтаж.

The film "Naberezhna Tumaniv" directed by Marcel Carné in 1938 is an exploration of "romantic pessimism". This suggests that the film portrays a romanticized view of life with a pessimistic outlook, focusing on the darker aspects of human existence and emphasizing the futility of love and happiness. The film likely delves into themes of despair, disillusionment, and the inevitability of tragedy, creating a melancholic atmosphere that aligns with the concept of romantic pessimism.

The film "The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari" (1919) directed by Robert Wiene belongs to the German expressionism movement. This can be inferred from the fact that the film is commonly recognized as one of the most iconic examples of German expressionist cinema. The film's visual style, characterized by distorted sets, exaggerated lighting, and angular, stylized performances, aligns with the characteristics of German expressionism. Additionally, the themes explored in the film, such as madness, psychological manipulation, and the blurring of reality and fantasy, are also common themes in German expressionist works.

Thomas Edison is credited with inventing the kinetographic system, which was an early motion picture camera and projector. This invention laid the foundation for the development of the modern film industry. Edison's kinetographic system allowed for the recording and projection of moving images, revolutionizing the entertainment industry and paving the way for the creation of movies.

The correct answer is Б) німецький експресіонізм. Alfred Hitchcock was greatly influenced by German expressionism, which was a film movement that emerged in Germany in the early 20th century. German expressionist films were known for their dark and moody atmosphere, distorted visuals, and psychological themes. Hitchcock incorporated many elements of German expressionism into his own films, such as the use of shadows, unconventional camera angles, and the exploration of the human psyche. This influence can be seen in his iconic films like "Psycho" and "Vertigo."

On December 28, 1895, the first public cinema screening took place in France.

The correct answer is б) німецький експресіонізм. This is because Alfred Hitchcock was heavily influenced by German expressionism, which was a film movement that emerged in Germany in the early 20th century. German expressionist films were known for their dark and moody visual style, use of shadow and light, and distorted settings and characters. Hitchcock adopted many of these techniques in his own films, such as his use of dramatic lighting and his portrayal of psychologically complex characters. This influence can be seen in many of Hitchcock's iconic films, such as "Psycho" and "Vertigo".

The main feature of Carl Theodor Dreyer's film "The Passion of Joan of Arc" is that it is constructed based on the conflict of close-up shots.

The correct answer is г) чотири. The film "Нетерпимість" is composed of four main storylines.

The correct answer is v) тривожному освітленню, внесенн. негативного зображення у позитиву копію. This means that the unreal atmosphere in the film "Nosferatu" was created through the use of disturbing lighting and the incorporation of negative images into the positive copy.

The directors of the "Brighton School" made a significant contribution to cinema by introducing innovative editing techniques and constructing scenes within the frame. They revolutionized the way films were made by experimenting with montage and creating dynamic and visually engaging sequences. This approach allowed them to tell stories in a more dynamic and expressive way, pushing the boundaries of traditional filmmaking.

In the early sound films, there was a trend towards excessive use of musical numbers. This means that filmmakers incorporated a large number of musical sequences into their movies, often interrupting the narrative flow. This trend can be attributed to the novelty of synchronized sound in films and the desire to showcase this new technology by featuring music prominently. The excessive use of musical numbers eventually diminished as filmmakers found a better balance between music and storytelling.

In the film "Головокружіння" (Vertigo), Alfred Hitchcock used the technique of "Викручення простору" (Vertigo effect), which involves simultaneously zooming in with the camera while pulling it backwards or vice versa. This technique creates a disorienting effect and is used to convey a sense of dizziness or vertigo, which is thematically relevant to the film's plot.

George Méliès is known for his pioneering work in cinema, particularly for his invention of the "trick film" or "magical transformation" technique. He was one of the first filmmakers to use special effects and visual illusions to create fantastical and imaginative scenes on screen. Méliès' innovative use of editing, multiple exposures, and other techniques allowed him to create magical and surreal sequences that were not possible with traditional filmmaking methods. His contributions to the art of cinema laid the foundation for the development of visual effects and fantasy storytelling in film.

The correct answer is "a) 'Під дахами Парижу' реж. Рене Клер". This film is known for being one of the first to creatively use silence as a means of expression in sound cinema. The director, René Clair, effectively utilized silence to enhance the storytelling and create a unique cinematic experience.

The correct answer is Б) виключно вітчизняною електронною апаратурою. This means that the Kyiv Telecenter on Khreshchatyk, which started broadcasting in 1954, was equipped exclusively with domestic electronic equipment.

The correct answer is а) синтез прийомів цирку, м'юзік-холу та балагану. This answer suggests that "Американська комічна" in the 1910-1920s was a synthesis of circus techniques, music hall, and vaudeville. This implies that it was a form of entertainment that combined elements of acrobatics, comedy, music, and variety acts.

During the 1940s, the film industry in the United States offered opportunities for the creation of experimental low-budget films. This means that filmmakers had the chance to explore new and innovative approaches to filmmaking without the constraints of a large budget. This period allowed for the development of unique and unconventional cinematic techniques, pushing the boundaries of traditional filmmaking.

The correct answer is в) надмірне використання музичних номерів. In the early sound films, there was a trend towards excessive use of musical numbers. This can be attributed to the novelty of synchronized sound and the desire to showcase the capabilities of this new technology. Filmmakers often incorporated musical sequences into their films, sometimes at the expense of the narrative, leading to an overabundance of musical numbers in early sound films.

The correct answer is "а) 'чорного фільму'". The film "Мальтійській сокіл" directed by Джон Хастон is classified as a "чорний фільм" or a film noir. Film noir is a genre that is characterized by its dark and cynical themes, often involving crime, corruption, and moral ambiguity. These films typically have a gritty visual style, with high contrast lighting and shadowy cinematography. "Мальтійській сокіл" fits into this genre with its complex plot, morally ambiguous characters, and atmospheric visuals.

The correct answer is А) Харків, вересень, 1896. This answer states that the first Ukrainian film shooting took place in Kharkiv in September 1896.

The correct answer is "б) механічним" because it states that the first Soviet television Б-2 was mechanical. This means that it operated using mechanical components rather than electronic ones.

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During the 1930s, the studio system in Hollywood was characterized by a hierarchical structure where producers held significant power and influence. They were responsible for overseeing the entire filmmaking process, from acquiring scripts to managing budgets and hiring talent. Producers had the final say in decision-making and often controlled the creative direction of a film. This centralized control allowed producers to exert a strong influence on the industry and shape the content and style of Hollywood films during this period. Therefore, the correct answer is A) продюсерів (producers).

The correct answer is Б) кілька годин на добу і не кожного дня. This means that the first Soviet television studios, including the Kyiv one, broadcasted for a few hours a day and not every day. This suggests that the television programming was limited and not continuous, indicating the early stages of television broadcasting in the Soviet Union.

The correct answer is Г) фірма Sony у 1960. This is because the question is asking about the company that introduced a new generation of television equipment based on semiconductors. Sony is the only option that fits this criteria, as it introduced its first transistor television in 1960, marking a significant advancement in television technology.

The correct answer is г) імпресіонізму. The question is asking for the artistic and ideological alternative to German expressionism in the 1920s. Impressionism was a movement that originated in France in the late 19th century and focused on capturing the fleeting impressions of light and color in a scene. German expressionism, on the other hand, was characterized by distorted and exaggerated forms to convey emotional and psychological states. Therefore, impressionism can be seen as a contrasting artistic style and ideology to German expressionism in the 1920s.

Director John Ford introduced depth of social background and stereoscopic characters to cinematography.