Hardest Space Trivia: Astrophysics Challenge

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| By Year7
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Year7
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Quizzes Created: 2 | Total Attempts: 53,294
Questions: 18 | Viewed: 53,283

1.

Which planet has the largest rings in our solar system?

Answer: Saturn
Explanation:
Saturn is known for its extensive and complex ring system, which is the largest in the solar system. These rings are made up of countless small particles of ice and rock, ranging in size from tiny dust grains to objects as large as mountains. The rings extend thousands of kilometers from the planet but are relatively thin, only about 10 meters thick in most places. Saturn's rings are divided into seven main groups named alphabetically in the order they were discovered.
2.

Which exoplanet was discovered in 2016?

Answer: Proxima Centauri b
Explanation:
In 2016, the exoplanet Proxima Centauri b was discovered orbiting Proxima Centauri, the closest star to the Sun. This Earth-sized planet is located in the star's habitable zone, where liquid water could potentially exist. Its proximity to Earth and its location in the habitable zone make it a key target for studies on the potential for extraterrestrial life. The planet was detected using the radial velocity method, which measures the star's wobble caused by the planet's gravitational pull.
3.

What planet is the furthest from Neptune? 

Answer: Mercury
Explanation:
Mercury is the planet that is furthest from Neptune. In the solar system, the planets are arranged in the following order from the Sun: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Since Neptune is the eighth planet from the Sun and Mercury is the first, they are at opposite ends of the planetary lineup, making Mercury the furthest from Neptune.
4.

What is the hottest planet in the solar system?

Answer: Venus 
Explanation:
Venus is the hottest planet in our solar system. Despite not being the closest to the Sun (that's Mercury), Venus has a thick atmosphere made mostly of carbon dioxide, which traps heat from the Sun. This phenomenon creates a runaway greenhouse effect, making Venus hotter than Mercury, which lacks a substantial atmosphere to retain heat. Surface temperatures on Venus can reach up to 470 degrees Celsius (880 degrees Fahrenheit), making it the hottest planet in our solar system, hotter even than Mercury, Mars, and Jupiter.
5.

Which planet is also called "The Diamond Planet"? 

Answer: 55 Cancri e
Explanation:
55 Cancri e is often called "The Diamond Planet." This nickname comes from scientists' belief that the planet might have a carbon-rich composition. Under high pressure, carbon can form diamonds, leading to the idea that 55 Cancri e could have a surface or interior with a significant amount of diamond. This exoplanet is located about 41 light-years away from Earth in the constellation Cancer. Its unique composition and proximity to its star make it an interesting subject for study, distinguishing it from other planets like Kepler-10b, Gliese 436 b, and HD 219134 b.
6.

Which planet in our solar system does not have a moon?

Answer: Venus 
Explanation:
Venus is one of the two planets in our solar system that does not have any moons, the other being Mercury. Unlike other planets that have one or more natural satellites, Venus and Mercury lack such companions. Scientists believe that the reasons might include their proximity to the Sun, which creates strong gravitational forces that make it difficult for these planets to capture and retain moons.
7.

How many moons does Saturn have? 

Answer: 146
Explanation:
Saturn has 146 known moons, making it the planet with the most moons in our solar system. These moons vary greatly in size and characteristics, ranging from small moonlets only a few kilometers across to large moons like Titan, which is larger than the planet Mercury. Saturn's moons are diverse and include icy bodies, rocky satellites, and even moons with substantial atmospheres. The large number of moons contributes to the complex and fascinating nature of the Saturnian system.
8.

How many galaxies have been recorded in the observable universe? 

Answer: 2,000,000,000,000 galaxies
Explanation:
Astronomers estimate that there are approximately 2 trillion (2,000,000,000,000) galaxies in the observable universe. This estimate comes from observations made by telescopes such as the Hubble Space Telescope, which have provided deep field images showing a vast number of galaxies. Each galaxy can contain millions or even billions of stars, along with planetary systems. This immense number highlights the vastness of the universe and the potential for countless astronomical discoveries.
9.

Which planet is known as the "Red Planet"?

Answer: Mars
Explanation:
Mars is commonly referred to as the "Red Planet" due to its reddish appearance, which is caused by iron oxide, or rust, on its surface. This distinctive color can be seen even with the naked eye from Earth. Mars has been a focus of scientific exploration because of its potential to have once supported life. It has the largest volcano in the solar system, Olympus Mons, and a canyon system called Valles Marineris. The planet's thin atmosphere, composed mostly of carbon dioxide, and its surface conditions make it a challenging environment for human habitation.
10.

What is the smallest planet in our solar system?

Answer: Mercury
Explanation:
Mercury is the smallest planet in our solar system. It has a diameter of about 4,880 kilometers, which is roughly one-third the size of Earth. Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and has a very thin atmosphere, leading to extreme temperature variations between day and night. Despite its small size, Mercury has a large iron core, which makes up a significant portion of its mass. Its surface is covered with craters, similar to our Moon, due to numerous impacts from asteroids and comets.
11.

What is the most distant planet in our solar system?

Answer: Neptune
Explanation:
Neptune is the most distant planet in our solar system. It lies 4.5 billion kilometers from the Sun, beyond Uranus. Though Pluto was once considered the most distant, its elliptical orbit has it crossing the orbit of Neptune. Neptune is the eighth planet from the Sun, and it has a thick atmosphere, predominantly composed of hydrogen, helium, and methane, which gives it its blue color. The planet is known for its strong winds, reaching speeds of 2,100 kilometers per hour, and its Great Dark Spot, which is similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
12.

Which moon is the largest natural satellite in our solar system?

Answer: Ganymede
Explanation:
Ganymede is the largest moon in our solar system, even bigger than the planet Mercury. It has a diameter of 5,268 kilometers and is primarily made of water ice and silicate rock. Ganymede orbits Jupiter and is part of the Galilean moons, discovered by Galileo. It has a magnetic field, making it unique among moons, and scientists believe it has a subsurface ocean beneath its icy crust. This feature could harbor conditions suitable for life, making Ganymede a significant target for future exploration missions.
13.

Which planet is known as "The Morning Star"?

Answer: Venus
Explanation:
Venus is known as "The Morning Star" due to its appearance in the sky before sunrise. Venus orbits closer to the Sun than Earth, and its highly reflective cloud cover makes it the third-brightest object in the sky, after the Sun and the Moon. It has a thick, toxic atmosphere filled with carbon dioxide, contributing to its extreme greenhouse effect and making Venus the hottest planet in our solar system. Its orbit and reflective properties cause it to appear bright, earning its nickname as the "Morning Star."
14.

What is the primary component of the Sun?

Answer: Hydrogen
Explanation:
Hydrogen is the primary component of the Sun, making up about 75% of its mass. In the Sun's core, hydrogen undergoes nuclear fusion, transforming into helium while releasing immense energy in the form of light and heat. This process powers the Sun and other stars. The Sun's fusion rate is about 600 million tons of hydrogen every second. Hydrogen's abundance in the Sun is crucial for sustaining its energy output over billions of years, providing the warmth and light necessary for life on Earth.
15.

Which galaxy is closest to the Milky Way?

Answer: Andromeda Galaxy
Explanation:
Andromeda Galaxy is the closest spiral galaxy to the Milky Way, located about 2.537 million light-years from Earth. It has more than a trillion stars, significantly more than the Milky Way. The two galaxies are on a collision course and are expected to merge in about 4.5 billion years, forming a new elliptical galaxy. The Andromeda Galaxy is visible to the naked eye from Earth, especially in the Northern Hemisphere during the fall and winter months, making it one of the most studied galaxies in our cosmic neighborhood.
16.

How many planets in our solar system have rings?

Answer: 4
Explanation:
Four planets in our solar system have rings: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. These planetary rings are made of small particles, ice, and dust, ranging in size from microscopic grains to large chunks. Saturn’s rings are the most prominent, while those of the other planets are less visible and more faint. The existence of these rings is due to the planets’ strong gravitational forces, which capture debris from nearby moons, asteroids, or comets. Saturn’s rings, made up of icy particles, are the most studied due to their size and visibility.
17.

What is the age of the universe approximately?

Answer: 13.8 billion years
Explanation:
The age of the universe is estimated to be approximately 13.8 billion years based on measurements from the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation and other observations. This age is derived from the Big Bang model, which suggests that the universe began from an extremely hot and dense state. The CMB radiation, which is the afterglow of the Big Bang, has been studied to calculate the age of the universe. This figure is consistent with the ages of the oldest star clusters and white dwarf stars, providing strong evidence for the universe's age.
18.

What is the name of the first spacecraft to land on a comet?

Answer: Rosetta
Explanation:
Rosetta was the first spacecraft to successfully land on a comet, specifically on Comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko. Launched by the European Space Agency in 2004, Rosetta’s mission aimed to study the composition of the comet’s surface and interior. In 2014, the Philae lander, part of the Rosetta mission, made history by landing on the comet. Rosetta’s mission helped scientists understand the role comets may have played in delivering water and organic molecules to Earth, which is essential for theories about the origins of life. It also provided invaluable data on cometary behavior.

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