World History 1, Roman (Chapter 6, Section 1)

According to Roman mythology, Rome was founded by twin brothers named Romulus and Remus. They were said to be the sons of the god Mars and a mortal princess named Rhea Silvia. The brothers were abandoned as infants and raised by a she-wolf. As they grew older, they decided to establish a city on the banks of the Tiber River. However, a dispute arose between them over who would be the ruler, leading Romulus to kill Remus and become the first king of Rome. Thus, Romulus and Remus are credited with the founding of Rome.

The Twelve Tables were a set of laws that were established in ancient Rome. These laws were significant because they provided a written code of laws that applied to all free citizens. This meant that everyone had access to the laws and could understand their rights and obligations. It helped to establish the idea that all free citizens had a right to protection from the law, ensuring fairness and equality in the legal system.

A republic is a form of government in which power is held by the citizens. In a republic, the citizens have the right to elect representatives who make decisions on their behalf. This form of government is characterized by the absence of a monarch or a ruling aristocracy, and instead emphasizes the importance of popular sovereignty and the rule of law. In a republic, the citizens have the power to shape the policies and laws of the country through voting and participating in the democratic process.

Hannibal was a general. He was a prominent Carthaginian military leader who is best known for his strategic brilliance during the Second Punic War. He famously led his army, including war elephants, across the Alps to attack Rome, achieving several victories against the Roman Republic. Hannibal's military tactics and achievements have made him one of the greatest military commanders in history.

Scipio was a historical figure known for his military leadership and strategic abilities. He was a general who played a crucial role in the Second Punic War, particularly in the defeat of the Carthaginian general Hannibal at the Battle of Zama. Scipio's military accomplishments and tactical brilliance earned him a reputation as one of Rome's greatest generals.

The two main groups that struggled for power were the Patricians and the Plebians. The Patricians were the wealthy and powerful aristocrats who held most of the political and social power in ancient Rome. On the other hand, the Plebians were the common people, including farmers, artisans, and merchants, who had limited rights and representation in the government. The struggle for power between these two groups was a significant aspect of Roman history and led to important political reforms and the eventual establishment of a more balanced system of government.