Whap Chapters 1-4 Review
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- 1.
Which of the following is NOT true of the Paleolithic Era?
- A.
The first writing systems developed in this period of human history.
- B.
Paleolithic people used stone rather than metal tools.
- C.
Paleolithic people made a living by gathering and hunting, rather than producing food.
- D.
Paleolithic people developed rituals to help them deal with human existence.
Correct Answer
A. The first writing systems developed in this period of human history.Explanation
The Paleolithic Era, also known as the Old Stone Age, existed from around 2.6 million years ago to about 10,000 years ago. During this time, humans relied on stone tools and weapons, as mentioned in the second statement. They were hunter-gatherers, meaning they obtained their food by hunting animals and gathering plants, which is stated in the third statement. Additionally, Paleolithic people did develop rituals to help them cope with their existence, as mentioned in the fourth statement. However, the first writing systems did not develop until much later in human history, during the Neolithic Era. Therefore, the statement "The first writing systems developed in this period of human history" is not true of the Paleolithic Era.Rate this question:
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- 2.
All EXCEPT which of the following is a source that modern scholars have used to understand Paleolithic peoples?
- A.
The study of modern Paleolithic peoples for comparison
- B.
The study of written ritual texts
- C.
The study of Paleolithic art, such as cave paintings and engraving
- D.
The study of Paleolithic remains, such as stone tools and fossils
Correct Answer
B. The study of written ritual textsExplanation
Modern scholars have used various sources to understand Paleolithic peoples, including the study of modern Paleolithic peoples for comparison, the study of Paleolithic art such as cave paintings and engravings, and the study of Paleolithic remains such as stone tools and fossils. However, the study of written ritual texts is not a source that modern scholars have used to understand Paleolithic peoples. This is because written language did not exist during the Paleolithic period, so there are no written records or texts from that time. Therefore, the study of written ritual texts is not applicable to understanding Paleolithic peoples.Rate this question:
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- 3.
The last Ice Age may have helped early gatherer-hunters in which of the following ways?
- A.
The heavier rainfall of the Ice Age's weather fluctuations made it possible for them to grow crops
- B.
Ice served as an important preservative for food, making it possible for them to settle in the same place for extended periods.
- C.
The cold weather killed off most large mammals that had been predatory on early human beings.
- D.
The lower sea levels associated with the Ice Age created land bridges, allowing human beings to travel to many regions of the earth.
Correct Answer
D. The lower sea levels associated with the Ice Age created land bridges, allowing human beings to travel to many regions of the earth.Explanation
During the last Ice Age, lower sea levels caused by the formation of glaciers resulted in the creation of land bridges. These land bridges allowed early gatherer-hunters to travel to various regions of the earth that were previously inaccessible. This enabled them to explore new territories, find new resources, and potentially establish new settlements. The availability of these land bridges played a crucial role in expanding the geographical range and mobility of early human beings.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which of the following is generally true of Paleolithic peoples?
- A.
Paleolithic societies failed to innovate, stubbornly refusing to change in response to new situations or environments.
- B.
Paleolithic societies regularly relied on trade to secure items needed to survive.
- C.
Paleolithic societies often developed elaborate and complex outlooks on the world.
- D.
Paleolithic societies were technologically complex, relying on a surprisingly wide array of tools and weapons made from both stone and metal.
Correct Answer
C. Paleolithic societies often developed elaborate and complex outlooks on the world. -
- 5.
In what way were the Austronesian migrations to the Pacific Islands NOT distinct from earlier human migrations?
- A.
They had a significant impact on their new environments, unlike earlier migrants.
- B.
They were more recent than other migrants, beginning only about 3,500 years ago
- C.
They were waterborne, using oceangoing canoes.
- D.
They were already agriculturists when the migration began.
Correct Answer
A. They had a significant impact on their new environments, unlike earlier migrants.Explanation
The Austronesian migrations to the Pacific Islands were distinct from earlier human migrations because they had a significant impact on their new environments, unlike earlier migrants. This means that, unlike previous migrations, the Austronesian migrations resulted in significant changes and transformations in the ecosystems and cultures of the Pacific Islands.Rate this question:
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- 6.
All EXCEPT which of the following was a common feature of early gathering and hunting societies?
- A.
They were small, consisting of bands of 25–50 people.
- B.
They had clearly defined social hierarchies.
- C.
They were seasonally mobile or nomadic.
- D.
Relationships between women and men were far more equal than in later societies.
Correct Answer
B. They had clearly defined social hierarchies.Explanation
Early gathering and hunting societies were characterized by small bands of people, seasonal mobility or nomadism, and relatively equal relationships between women and men. However, they did not have clearly defined social hierarchies. In these societies, decision-making was often based on consensus and cooperation rather than hierarchical authority.Rate this question:
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- 7.
In which of the following ways did Paleolithic people purposely alter the natural environment?
- A.
They tamed and kept certain species of animals for their meat and wool.
- B.
They built walls to protect themselves from wild animals and their neighbors.
- C.
They cleared fields and planted simple crops.
- D.
They deliberately set fire to encourage the growth of particular plants.
Correct Answer
D. They deliberately set fire to encourage the growth of particular plants.Explanation
Paleolithic people purposely altered the natural environment by deliberately setting fire to encourage the growth of particular plants. This practice, known as fire-stick farming, involved intentionally starting fires to clear vegetation and promote the growth of specific plant species. By doing so, they were able to create more favorable conditions for hunting and gathering, as well as for the cultivation of certain crops. This alteration of the natural environment demonstrates their understanding of fire as a tool for shaping and managing their surroundings.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Which of the following was NOT a result of the end of the last Ice Age?
- A.
Humans learned to sew, instead of wearing simple animal skins as clothing.
- B.
Some gathering and hunting communities established permanent settlements.
- C.
Society became more unequal, as some people were able to acquire more goods than others.
- D.
Population grew.
Correct Answer
A. Humans learned to sew, instead of wearing simple animal skins as clothing.Explanation
The end of the last Ice Age resulted in several changes, including the establishment of permanent settlements by some gathering and hunting communities, increased social inequality, and population growth. However, the statement that humans learned to sew, instead of wearing simple animal skins as clothing, is not a result of the end of the Ice Age. This is because humans had already been using sewing techniques to create clothing before the Ice Age ended.Rate this question:
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- 9.
In what way did the settling down of human populations change the way societies were organized?
- A.
People became increasingly unequal, as some proved better or more fortunate at accumulating goods.
- B.
Societies became more complex, as people settled together in larger numbers than before.
- C.
On the whole, people had to work fewer hours per week, and could devote the time they gained to artistic and technological development.
- D.
Both a and b
Correct Answer
D. Both a and bExplanation
The settling down of human populations changed the way societies were organized in two main ways. First, it led to increasing inequality as some individuals were able to accumulate more goods than others. This can be attributed to factors such as access to resources or skills. Second, societies became more complex as people settled together in larger numbers than before. This increased population density led to the development of more intricate social structures and systems of governance. Overall, both of these factors had a significant impact on the organization and dynamics of societies.Rate this question:
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- 10.
In which environment is it most likely that a Paleolithic society would have been able to settle down permanently in villages, while continuing to live from gathering and hunting?
- A.
Near the sea, because the sea provided a permanent food supply
- B.
On the edge of a desert, where enemies would be more likely to leave them alone
- C.
In the mountains, where caves were available for storage and shelter
- D.
In a forest region, because of the presence of large mammals
Correct Answer
A. Near the sea, because the sea provided a permanent food supplyExplanation
A Paleolithic society would have been able to settle down permanently in villages near the sea because the sea provided a permanent food supply. The sea would have offered a diverse range of seafood such as fish, shellfish, and seaweed, which could sustain the society's gathering and hunting lifestyle. Additionally, the sea would have provided a reliable source of water for drinking and irrigation, further supporting settlement and agriculture. The proximity to the sea would have also facilitated transportation and trade, enabling the society to interact with neighboring communities and expand their resources.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Which of the following factors made it more likely that hunting and gathering people would turn to agriculture?
- A.
Population pressure that placed a heavy demand on the environment
- B.
Desire to acquire goods
- C.
Living in settled communities, which made heavier demands on the environment than gathering and hunting could supply
- D.
A and c only
Correct Answer
D. A and c onlyExplanation
The factors that made it more likely for hunting and gathering people to turn to agriculture are population pressure that placed a heavy demand on the environment and living in settled communities, which made heavier demands on the environment than gathering and hunting could supply. These factors suggest that the need for a more reliable and sustainable food source became necessary due to increasing population and the limitations of traditional hunting and gathering practices.Rate this question:
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- 12.
In recent decades, some people have celebrated Paleolithic life, on the grounds that:
- A.
Paleolithic peoples enjoyed much greater gender equality.
- B.
Paleolithic people had an ideal diet of wild plants and animals that is well-suited to human physiology.
- C.
Paleolithic societies valued sharing and equality rather than competition and materialism.
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the aboveExplanation
In recent decades, there has been a celebration of Paleolithic life due to several reasons. Firstly, it is believed that Paleolithic peoples enjoyed greater gender equality compared to later societies. Secondly, their diet consisting of wild plants and animals is considered to be ideal and well-suited to human physiology. Lastly, Paleolithic societies were believed to value sharing and equality rather than competition and materialism. Therefore, all of the given options are valid reasons for celebrating Paleolithic life.Rate this question:
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- 13.
About 12,000 years ago a new global pattern of human life started to unfold as humankind began:
- A.
To migrate and settle outside of Africa.
- B.
Deliberately to cultivate plants.
- C.
To tame and breed wild animals.
- D.
Both b and c
Correct Answer
D. Both b and cExplanation
About 12,000 years ago, humankind began to deliberately cultivate plants and tame and breed wild animals. This marked a new global pattern of human life as people started to migrate and settle outside of Africa. This period, known as the Neolithic Revolution, led to the development of agriculture and the domestication of animals, which in turn led to the establishment of permanent settlements and the rise of civilizations. Both the cultivation of plants and the domestication of animals played crucial roles in this transformative period of human history.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Agriculture developed separately and independently in:
- A.
Sub-Saharan Africa.
- B.
Europe.
- C.
India.
- D.
Australia
Correct Answer
A. Sub-Saharan Africa.Explanation
Agriculture developed separately and independently in Sub-Saharan Africa. This region has a long history of agricultural practices, with evidence of early cultivation dating back thousands of years. The indigenous people of Sub-Saharan Africa developed their own methods of farming and domesticating crops and animals, which were adapted to the local climate and environment. This independent development of agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa is significant because it demonstrates the ingenuity and resourcefulness of the people in this region, as well as their ability to sustain themselves through farming.Rate this question:
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- 15.
The warming period at the end of the last Ice Age helped make agriculture possible by:
- A.
Creating generally drier conditions especially in temperate and tropical regions.
- B.
Permitting cereal grasses to flourish.
- C.
Contributing to the flourishing of the large mammals upon which Paleolithic peoples had relied for food.
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
B. Permitting cereal grasses to flourish.Explanation
The warming period at the end of the last Ice Age helped make agriculture possible by permitting cereal grasses to flourish. This is because the warmer temperatures created more favorable conditions for the growth of these grasses, which are the basis of many agricultural crops. The increased availability of cereal grasses allowed early humans to cultivate and harvest them, leading to the development of agriculture as a reliable food source. The other options, such as creating drier conditions or contributing to the flourishing of large mammals, are not directly related to the emergence of agriculture.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Which of the following was NOT an outcome of domestication?
- A.
The impact of human beings on the environment declined.
- B.
Many plants and animals became reliant on human action or protection to reproduce successfully.
- C.
Humans consciously directed the process of evolution in both plants and animals.
- D.
It became impossible for humankind to return to gathering/hunting both because of the loss of skills and the growth in human numbers.
Correct Answer
A. The impact of human beings on the environment declined.Explanation
Domestication is the process by which plants and animals are selectively bred and managed by humans for their own purposes. This process typically leads to an increased impact of human beings on the environment, as they manipulate and control the reproduction and distribution of these domesticated species. Therefore, the statement "The impact of human beings on the environment declined" is not an outcome of domestication.Rate this question:
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- 17.
The development of agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa differed from the development of agriculture in Southwest Asia in which of the following ways?
- A.
Only the Fertile Crescent domesticated grain crops.
- B.
Only sub-Saharan Africa domesticated cattle.
- C.
In sub-Saharan Africa crops were domesticated in a greater variety of environments.
- D.
Fertile Crescent crops spread across Eurasia, while no crop from sub-Saharan Africa spread beyond Africa.
Correct Answer
C. In sub-Saharan Africa crops were domesticated in a greater variety of environments.Explanation
In sub-Saharan Africa, agriculture developed in a greater variety of environments compared to Southwest Asia. This means that sub-Saharan Africa was able to domesticate crops in different types of climates, terrains, and soil conditions. This diversity in agricultural practices allowed for a wider range of crops to be cultivated and sustained in sub-Saharan Africa. In contrast, the development of agriculture in Southwest Asia, specifically in the Fertile Crescent, focused primarily on the domestication of grain crops. Additionally, it is stated that crops from the Fertile Crescent spread across Eurasia, while no crop from sub-Saharan Africa spread beyond Africa, further highlighting the differences in agricultural development between the two regions.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Which of the following was NOT a challenge to the establishment of agriculture in the Americas as compared to the Afro-Eurasian world?
- A.
The lack of rich cereal grains to domesticate
- B.
The lack of other crops with which to supplement a diet of maize
- C.
The north/south orientation of the Americas
- D.
The lack of large mammals suitable for domestication
Correct Answer
B. The lack of other crops with which to supplement a diet of maizeExplanation
The establishment of agriculture in the Americas faced several challenges compared to the Afro-Eurasian world. One of these challenges was the lack of rich cereal grains to domesticate. Cereal grains, such as wheat and barley, were staple crops in the Afro-Eurasian world but were not readily available in the Americas. Another challenge was the lack of large mammals suitable for domestication. In the Afro-Eurasian world, animals like horses and cattle were domesticated for various purposes, but the Americas lacked such animals. Additionally, the north/south orientation of the Americas posed a challenge as it affected the distribution of crops and trade routes. However, the lack of other crops to supplement a diet of maize was not a challenge in the establishment of agriculture in the Americas.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Compared to the Americas, the domestication of animals in Southwest Asia made it easier
- A.
To fertilize fields.
- B.
To develop plow technology.
- C.
To rely less on hunting and fishing.
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the aboveExplanation
The domestication of animals in Southwest Asia made it easier to fertilize fields because animals provided manure that could be used as a natural fertilizer. It also made it easier to develop plow technology as animals could be used to pull plows, making agriculture more efficient. Additionally, domestication of animals allowed people to rely less on hunting and fishing for food, as they could now raise and breed animals for meat, milk, and other products. Therefore, all of the given options are correct explanations for how animal domestication in Southwest Asia made life easier.Rate this question:
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- 20.
The spread of agriculture through diffusion and migration:
- A.
Resulted in the spread of language groups.
- B.
Always benefited the gatherer-hunter peoples with whom migrants came into contact.
- C.
Resulted in India receiving crops only from Southwest Asia.
- D.
resulted in the widespread dissemination of crops from New Guinea.
Correct Answer
A. Resulted in the spread of language groups.Explanation
The spread of agriculture through diffusion and migration resulted in the spread of language groups. As people migrated and settled in new areas, they brought with them their agricultural practices and techniques. This led to the establishment of new communities and the development of new languages. The spread of agriculture also facilitated the growth of larger populations and the formation of complex societies, which further contributed to the diversification and spread of languages. Therefore, the spread of agriculture played a significant role in the expansion and evolution of language groups.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Gatherer-hunter societies most often succeeded in resisting the encroachment of agricultural societies in which of the following environments?
- A.
Arctic environments
- B.
Desert environments
- C.
Regions of particular natural abundance
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the aboveExplanation
Gatherer-hunter societies were able to resist the encroachment of agricultural societies in Arctic environments, desert environments, and regions of particular natural abundance. This is because these environments posed challenges for agricultural societies in terms of limited resources, harsh climates, and difficult terrain. In contrast, gatherer-hunter societies had adapted to these environments over generations and possessed the necessary knowledge and skills to thrive in them. Therefore, they were able to resist the encroachment and maintain their way of life.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Early agricultural people:
- A.
Uniformly enjoyed a greater life expectancy than gatherer-hunters.
- B.
Didn't suffer from famines.
- C.
Suffered from deadly diseases caught from domesticated animals.
- D.
Had more leisure time than their gatherer-hunter counterparts.
Correct Answer
C. Suffered from deadly diseases caught from domesticated animals.Explanation
Early agricultural people suffered from deadly diseases caught from domesticated animals. This is because the transition from a gatherer-hunter lifestyle to an agricultural one led to the domestication of animals, which increased the interaction between humans and animals. This close contact with domesticated animals increased the risk of diseases being transmitted from animals to humans. As a result, early agricultural people were more susceptible to deadly diseases compared to their gatherer-hunter counterparts who had less contact with domesticated animals.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Which of the following technologies was NOT first developed by Neolithic peoples?
- A.
Creation of pottery
- B.
Stone axes and scrapers
- C.
Weaving of textiles
- D.
Metallurgy
Correct Answer
B. Stone axes and scrapersExplanation
Stone axes and scrapers were not first developed by Neolithic peoples. The Neolithic period is characterized by the development of agriculture and the transition from hunting and gathering to settled farming communities. During this time, Neolithic peoples developed the creation of pottery, weaving of textiles, and metallurgy. Stone axes and scrapers, on the other hand, were tools that were used by earlier Paleolithic peoples for hunting and gathering purposes.Rate this question:
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- 24.
The Agricultural Revolution:
- A.
Lessened the impact of humans on the natural environment.
- B.
Resulted in a uniform improvement in the health of the population.
- C.
Resulted in significant technological developments.
- D.
Lessened the impact of smallpox and other diseases on the human population.
Correct Answer
C. Resulted in significant technological developments.Explanation
The Agricultural Revolution resulted in significant technological developments. This is because the shift from a hunter-gatherer society to an agricultural one led to the development of new tools and techniques for farming, such as the invention of the plow and the domestication of animals for labor. These technological advancements allowed for increased food production, population growth, and the establishment of settled communities. It also paved the way for further advancements in agriculture and other industries, leading to the development of civilizations and the progression of human society.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Agricultural village societies:
- A.
Were usually organized in terms of kinship groups or lineages.
- B.
Formed through the leadership of strong kings and aristocracies.
- C.
Developed hierarchical societies with large disparities between elites and commoners.
- D.
Formed a strong sense of patriarchy in which men dominated trades and positions of authority.
Correct Answer
A. Were usually organized in terms of kinship groups or lineages.Explanation
Agricultural village societies were usually organized in terms of kinship groups or lineages. This means that the social structure and organization of these societies were based on familial relationships and descent. Kinship groups or lineages provided the framework for social interaction, economic cooperation, and political organization within these societies. This system allowed for the transmission of land, resources, and social status from one generation to the next, ensuring stability and continuity within the community.Rate this question:
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- 26.
The unique feature of the chiefdom (as compared to a stateless agricultural village) that was replicated, elaborated, and assumed to be natural in all later states and civilizations was:
- A.
The distinction between elite and commoner based on charisma.
- B.
The distinction between elite and commoner based on achievement.
- C.
The distinction between elite and commoner based on birth.
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
C. The distinction between elite and commoner based on birth.Explanation
In a chiefdom, the unique feature that set it apart from a stateless agricultural village was the distinction between the elite and commoners based on birth. In a chiefdom, social status and power were inherited, meaning that individuals were born into their positions of authority. This distinction based on birth was replicated and expanded upon in later states and civilizations, where social hierarchies became more complex and entrenched. This system of social stratification based on birth became a defining characteristic of many ancient societies and continues to influence social structures in some societies today.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Pastoral societies differed from agricultural village societies in all of the following ways EXCEPT
- A.
pastoral societies relied more heavily on animals.
- B.
pastoral societies benefited from exchanges with agricultural societies, but agricultural societies did not benefit from exchanges with their pastoral counterparts.
- C.
agricultural village societies were more prevalent in the Americas than were pastoral societies.
- D.
Pastoral societies were more mobile than agricultural societies.
Correct Answer
B. pastoral societies benefited from exchanges with agricultural societies, but agricultural societies did not benefit from exchanges with their pastoral counterparts.Explanation
Pastoral societies differed from agricultural village societies in multiple ways. They relied more heavily on animals for their livelihoods and were more mobile compared to agricultural societies. Additionally, agricultural village societies were more prevalent in the Americas than pastoral societies. The only statement that does not accurately describe the difference between the two societies is that pastoral societies benefited from exchanges with agricultural societies, but agricultural societies did not benefit from exchanges with their pastoral counterparts.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Diffusion:
- A.
Refers to the taming and changing of plants and animals by humans
- B.
Refers to the securing of more food and resources from a smaller area of land than was possible with a gathering and hunting technology.
- C.
Refers to the slow colonization of new lands by agricultural peoples as growing populations and pressures to expand pushed them outward.
- D.
Refers to the gradual spread of the techniques of agriculture, and perhaps the plants and animals themselves, without the extensive movement of agricultural people.
Correct Answer
D. Refers to the gradual spread of the techniques of agriculture, and perhaps the plants and animals themselves, without the extensive movement of agricultural people.Explanation
The term "diffusion" in this context refers to the gradual spread of agricultural techniques, as well as the potential spread of plants and animals, without the need for extensive movement of agricultural people. This means that the knowledge and practices of agriculture are shared and adopted by neighboring communities or regions, leading to the spread of agricultural practices and potentially the domestication of new plants and animals. This process allows for the expansion of agricultural productivity and the adaptation of new agricultural methods without the need for large-scale migration or colonization.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Domestication:
- A.
Refers to the taming and changing of plants and animals by humans.
- B.
Refers to the securing of more food and resources from a smaller area of land than was possible with a gathering and hunting technology.
- C.
Refers to the slow colonization of new lands by agricultural peoples as growing populations and pressures to expand pushed them outward.
- D.
Refers to the gradual spread of the techniques of agriculture, and perhaps the plants and animals themselves, without the extensive movement of agricultural people.
Correct Answer
A. Refers to the taming and changing of plants and animals by humans.Explanation
The term "domestication" refers to the process of taming and altering the behavior, genetics, and physical traits of plants and animals to make them more useful or beneficial to humans. This involves selectively breeding and controlling their reproduction, as well as modifying their natural habitats and behaviors. Through domestication, humans have been able to transform wild species into domesticated ones that serve various purposes, such as providing food, clothing, transportation, or companionship.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Which of the following cannot be defined as a First Civilization?
- A.
Sumerian
- B.
Hittite
- C.
Egyptian
- D.
Norte Chico
Correct Answer
B. HittiteExplanation
The Hittite civilization cannot be defined as a First Civilization because it emerged much later than the other options listed. The Sumerian civilization, for example, is considered one of the earliest civilizations in human history, dating back to around 4500 BCE. The Hittite civilization, on the other hand, emerged around 1600 BCE in Anatolia (modern-day Turkey), making it a later civilization compared to the Sumerians, Egyptians, and Norte Chico civilization in Peru. Therefore, the Hittites do not fit the criteria of being a First Civilization.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Which of the following is necessary for a society to be defined as a "civilization" in the traditional scholarly sense?
- A.
A written language
- B.
Defensive walls
- C.
Cities
- D.
Grain-based farming
Correct Answer
C. CitiesExplanation
Cities are necessary for a society to be defined as a "civilization" in the traditional scholarly sense because they represent a complex social organization and a high level of cultural development. Cities are characterized by a dense population, specialized labor, centralized political and economic systems, and the presence of various social institutions. They serve as centers for trade, commerce, governance, and cultural activities, and are often associated with the development of art, architecture, literature, and science. Therefore, the presence of cities is a key criterion in defining a society as a civilization.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Scholars have found evidence for which of the following as an important factor in the collapse of the Indus Valley civilization?
- A.
Salinization caused by repeated irrigation
- B.
Foreign invasion and conquest
- C.
Epidemic disease
- D.
Civil war
Correct Answer
A. Salinization caused by repeated irrigationExplanation
Scholars have found evidence that salinization caused by repeated irrigation was an important factor in the collapse of the Indus Valley civilization. Salinization refers to the accumulation of salt in the soil, which can lead to decreased agricultural productivity and ultimately the collapse of a civilization heavily dependent on agriculture. The Indus Valley civilization was known for its advanced agricultural practices, including extensive irrigation systems. However, over time, the repeated irrigation led to the buildup of salt in the soil, rendering it infertile and causing crop failures. This, in turn, would have put immense strain on the economy and food supply of the civilization, ultimately contributing to its collapse.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Which of the following was NOT a contribution that the Olmec made to later Mesoamerican civilizations
- A.
Ritual sacrifice
- B.
The concept of a unified territorial state under a single ruler
- C.
Bloodletting by rulers
- D.
A game played with a rubber ball
Correct Answer
B. The concept of a unified territorial state under a single rulerExplanation
The Olmec civilization is known for their significant contributions to later Mesoamerican civilizations, such as ritual sacrifice, bloodletting by rulers, and a game played with a rubber ball. However, the concept of a unified territorial state under a single ruler was not a contribution made by the Olmec. This concept emerged later with civilizations like the Aztecs and the Mayans. The Olmec civilization did not have a centralized political structure or a single ruler governing over a unified territory.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Which First Civilization produced streets laid out in a gridlike pattern, with standardized houses, a complex sewage system, and grand public buildings that included a public bath?
- A.
Norte Chico
- B.
Sumer
- C.
Egypt
- D.
Indus Valley
Correct Answer
D. Indus ValleyExplanation
The Indus Valley civilization is the correct answer because it is known for its well-planned cities with streets laid out in a gridlike pattern. They had standardized houses, a complex sewage system, and grand public buildings, including public baths. This civilization, which existed around 2600-1900 BCE, is considered one of the earliest urban civilizations in the world.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Which of the following statements about early cities is true?
- A.
By gathering many people together in a small area, they encouraged cooperation and democratic procedures to get things done.
- B.
They encouraged inequality and class distinctions; some citizens were able to acquire more wealth and status than others.
- C.
They were administrative and religious centers, but most manufacturing took place in the countryside instead of in cities.
- D.
Because people lived closer together, society tended to get more personal and people adhered more closely to kinship ties for their own protection.
Correct Answer
B. They encouraged inequality and class distinctions; some citizens were able to acquire more wealth and status than others.Explanation
Early cities encouraged inequality and class distinctions because some citizens were able to acquire more wealth and status than others. This is a common characteristic of urban societies, where social hierarchies and economic disparities tend to emerge. The concentration of resources and opportunities in cities often leads to the accumulation of wealth and power by a few individuals or groups, resulting in social stratification and class divisions.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Which of the following did NOT develop with the First Civilizations?
- A.
Slavery
- B.
Social inequality and hierarchy
- C.
Agriculture
- D.
The subordination of women
Correct Answer
C. AgricultureExplanation
Agriculture is the correct answer because it did develop with the First Civilizations. The development of agriculture was a significant achievement of the First Civilizations, as they transitioned from a nomadic hunting and gathering lifestyle to settled farming communities. Agriculture allowed for the domestication of plants and animals, leading to the establishment of permanent settlements and the development of complex societies. It also played a crucial role in the rise of social inequality and hierarchy, as surplus food production enabled the emergence of specialized labor and the concentration of wealth and power. Slavery and the subordination of women were also social phenomena that developed alongside agriculture.Rate this question:
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- 37.
Which of the following was NOT a factor that contributed to the growing inequality between women and men in the age of the First Civilizations?
- A.
Several early societies had the custom of winning their wives in war against neighboring enemies, so they were less likely to value their captive spouses.
- B.
Women were pregnant more often and spent more time on child care, so they were less able to support the family economically.
- C.
The introduction of plow-based agriculture made women less able to do farm work, because the labor was heavier and likely to take place further away from the home.
- D.
As civilizations became more complex, men became the political specialists and were able to shape society to suit them.
Correct Answer
A. Several early societies had the custom of winning their wives in war against neighboring enemies, so they were less likely to value their captive spouses.Explanation
The other factors mentioned in the options all contributed to the growing inequality between women and men in the age of the First Civilizations. Women being pregnant more often and spending more time on child care made them less able to support the family economically. The introduction of plow-based agriculture made women less able to do farm work, as it was heavier and farther away from home. As civilizations became more complex, men became the political specialists and were able to shape society to suit them. However, the custom of winning wives in war did not directly contribute to the growing inequality between women and men.Rate this question:
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- 38.
In ancient Mesopotamia:
- A.
A wife could be drowned for adultery, but a husband could engage in sexual relations with other women besides his wife.
- B.
It was much easier for a man to obtain a divorce than it was for a woman.
- C.
Respectable women were veiled when they went outside the home.
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the aboveExplanation
In ancient Mesopotamia, all of the statements mentioned were true. Adultery was severely punished for women, often resulting in drowning, while men were allowed to have sexual relations with women other than their wives. Divorce was also easier for men to obtain compared to women, giving them more control over marital decisions. Additionally, respectable women were expected to veil themselves when they went outside the home, highlighting the importance of modesty and maintaining societal norms.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Which of the following statements about the relative status of women in Egypt and Mesopotamia is true?
- A.
Women in both civilizations had about the same status relative to men: they were clearly subordinate and had few legal rights.
- B.
Women in Egypt had more rights and higher standing relative to men than did the women of ancient Mesopotamia.
- C.
Women in both civilizations had about the same status relative to men: they were recognized as legal equals to men and enjoyed high social status.
- D.
Women in Mesopotamia had more rights and higher standing relative to men than did the women of ancient Egypt.
Correct Answer
B. Women in Egypt had more rights and higher standing relative to men than did the women of ancient Mesopotamia. -
- 40.
Which of the following was NOT a source of state authority in the First Civilizations?
- A.
A recognition that life in cities was so complex that somebody had to organize it
- B.
Force
- C.
Representative assemblies
- D.
An identification of kingship with the sacred
Correct Answer
C. Representative assembliesExplanation
The correct answer is representative assemblies. In the First Civilizations, state authority was not derived from representative assemblies. Instead, state authority was primarily derived from the recognition that life in cities was complex and required organization, the use of force to maintain order and control, and the belief that kingship was associated with the sacred. Representative assemblies, where individuals are elected to represent the interests of the people, were not a source of state authority in the First Civilizations.Rate this question:
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- 41.
Probably the least developed of the methods of writing developed in the First Civilizations in terms of ability to express all human thought, this writing system consisted of a complex system of knotted cords that recorded mostly numerical data but may also have been used to record words and ideas.
- A.
Cuneiform
- B.
Hieroglyphs
- C.
Indus Valley script
- D.
Quipus
Correct Answer
D. QuipusExplanation
Quipus were a writing system used by the Inca civilization. They consisted of a series of knotted cords that were used to record numerical data. While their primary function was to record numbers, it is believed that they may have also been used to record words and ideas. Compared to other writing systems developed in the First Civilizations, such as cuneiform and hieroglyphs, quipus were considered to be the least developed in terms of their ability to express all human thought.Rate this question:
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- 42.
To what use did early civilizations put literacy?
- A.
Poetry and literature
- B.
Praising rulers
- C.
The keeping of business records
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the aboveExplanation
Early civilizations used literacy for various purposes. They used it for creating and appreciating poetry and literature, which played a significant role in their cultural and intellectual development. Additionally, literacy was utilized for praising rulers, as written texts were often used to glorify and celebrate the achievements of kings and emperors. Furthermore, literacy was crucial for the keeping of business records, allowing civilizations to maintain accurate records of trade, transactions, and economic activities. Therefore, all of the options mentioned - poetry and literature, praising rulers, and the keeping of business records - were valid uses of literacy in early civilizations.Rate this question:
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- 43.
Which of the following is NOT true of most rulers of the First Civilizations?
- A.
They were usually elected by a council of elders, rather than inheriting their positions.
- B.
They had elaborate burials that usually included the sacrifice of retainers who, it was believed, would continue to care for their masters in the afterlife.
- C.
They lived in luxurious palaces and constructed large monuments and statues to emphasize their grandeur.
- D.
They used symbolic objects such as scepters and crowns to stress their connection to divine forces.
Correct Answer
A. They were usually elected by a council of elders, rather than inheriting their positions.Explanation
Most rulers of the First Civilizations did not usually inherit their positions through election by a council of elders. Instead, they typically gained power through hereditary means, such as being born into a ruling family or being appointed by a previous ruler. This is evident from the fact that they had elaborate burials, lived in luxurious palaces, constructed monuments and statues, and used symbolic objects to emphasize their connection to divine forces, all of which suggest a strong sense of inherited power and authority.Rate this question:
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- 44.
This First Civilization was above all shaped by the single river that flowed through it and that flooded predictably every year to fertilize and bring water to the fields.
- A.
Mesopotamia
- B.
Egypt
- C.
The Indus Valley
- D.
Norte Chico
Correct Answer
B. EgyptExplanation
Egypt is the correct answer because it is known for being shaped by the Nile River. The Nile River flooded annually, providing fertile soil for agriculture and ensuring a reliable water source for the fields. This allowed the ancient Egyptians to develop an advanced civilization with a strong agricultural economy and a sophisticated irrigation system. The Nile River was central to their way of life, influencing their culture, religion, and economy.Rate this question:
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- 45.
Many scholars believe that this early civilization developed a negative view of life and the afterlife because of its harsh physical setting.
- A.
Egypt
- B.
The Indus Valley
- C.
China
- D.
Mesopotamia
Correct Answer
D. MesopotamiaExplanation
Mesopotamia is believed to have developed a negative view of life and the afterlife due to its harsh physical setting. The region was located in the arid and unpredictable floodplain of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, which often caused devastating floods and droughts. These environmental challenges would have made life difficult for the people of Mesopotamia, leading them to view the world as unpredictable and hostile. Additionally, the lack of natural resources in the region may have contributed to a sense of scarcity and a belief in a difficult afterlife.Rate this question:
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- 46.
All EXCEPT which of the following statements is true about ancient Sumer?
- A.
Sumer was ruled by a single monarch or emperor who had authority over sub-kings in each city-state.
- B.
About 80 percent of the Sumerian population lived in a city-state, making Sumer the most highly urbanized of all ancient civilizations.
- C.
Sumer consisted of about a dozen independent city-states that repeatedly fought each other.
- D.
Deforestation and soil erosion gradually caused an environmental catastrophe in Sumer.
Correct Answer
A. Sumer was ruled by a single monarch or emperor who had authority over sub-kings in each city-state.Explanation
The statement that is not true about ancient Sumer is that it was ruled by a single monarch or emperor who had authority over sub-kings in each city-state.Rate this question:
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- 47.
All EXCEPT which of the following ancient states ruled Egypt at one time or another?
- A.
Kush
- B.
China
- C.
Assyria
- D.
Persia
Correct Answer
B. ChinaExplanation
China is the correct answer because it did not rule Egypt at any point in ancient history. While Kush, Assyria, and Persia all had periods of ruling over Egypt, China had no direct political or territorial control over Egypt in ancient times.Rate this question:
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- 48.
Ancient Egypt had a strong cultural influence on all but which of the following peoples?
- A.
Nubians
- B.
Minoans
- C.
Indus Valley civilization
- D.
Hyksos
Correct Answer
C. Indus Valley civilizationExplanation
Ancient Egypt had a strong cultural influence on Nubians, Minoans, and the Hyksos. However, it did not have a significant influence on the Indus Valley civilization. The Indus Valley civilization, which thrived in present-day Pakistan and northwest India, had its own distinct culture and civilization, with unique architectural styles, writing system, and trade networks. While there may have been some limited contact and trade between Egypt and the Indus Valley, there is no evidence to suggest that Egypt had a significant cultural influence on the Indus Valley civilization.Rate this question:
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- 49.
Typically, empires:
- A.
Are made up of one ethnic group.
- B.
Are small.
- C.
Conquer and rule other states.
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
C. Conquer and rule other states.Explanation
The correct answer is "conquer and rule other states." Empires are characterized by their ability to conquer and govern other territories or states. They expand their power and influence by subjugating other regions and establishing control over them. This process often involves military conquest, political dominance, and the imposition of their own laws and systems of governance. Empires are usually multi-ethnic and can vary in size, ranging from small to large. However, the defining feature of an empire is its ability to conquer and rule over other states.Rate this question:
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- 50.
Empires in world history are important for all EXCEPT which of the following reasons?
- A.
They limited the exchange of ideas.
- B.
Very large numbers of people lived in empires.
- C.
They were put together and sustained at great human cost.
- D.
They established lengthy periods of peace and security.
Correct Answer
A. They limited the exchange of ideas.Explanation
Empires in world history were important for various reasons, such as the fact that very large numbers of people lived in empires and they were put together and sustained at great human cost. Additionally, empires established lengthy periods of peace and security. However, the one reason that does not apply to empires is that they limited the exchange of ideas. Empires often facilitated the exchange of ideas through trade, cultural diffusion, and the blending of different cultures within their borders.Rate this question:
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Current Version
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Mar 22, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Dec 13, 2011Quiz Created by
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