WAN (Serial , Isdn, Fr, Ppp) - Practice Test

PPP stands for Point-to-Point Protocol. This protocol is used for establishing a direct connection between two network nodes, typically over a serial interface. It is commonly used in dial-up connections and allows for the transmission of data packets between the two nodes. The other options, Packet-to-Packet Protocol and Point-to-Packet Protocol, are not correct as they do not accurately represent the acronym PPP.

TDM (Time Division Multiplexing) WAN services offer traditional fixed time slots and lease line circuits point-to-point. This means that the available bandwidth is divided into fixed time slots, and each slot is allocated to a specific connection. This allows for efficient and predictable transmission of data. Additionally, lease line circuits provide dedicated connections between two points, ensuring a reliable and secure connection.

ISDN stands for Integrated Services Digital Network. It is a telecommunications network that provides an integrated voice and data capability service to the customer premise.

A frame relay switch makes decisions based on Data Link Layer addresses. Frame relay is a data link layer protocol that operates at the second layer of the OSI model. It uses Data Link Layer addresses to determine the destination of the data packets and make routing decisions. Application Layer addresses and Network Layer addresses are not relevant in frame relay switching.

PAP (Password Authentication Protocol) and CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol) are the two types of authentication methods commonly used with PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol). PAP is a simple authentication method where the client sends its username and password in clear text to the server for verification. CHAP, on the other hand, is a more secure method where the server challenges the client with a random value, and the client responds with a hashed value of the challenge, ensuring the confidentiality of the password. These authentication methods help ensure secure communication between PPP endpoints.

DLCI stands for Data Link Connection Identifier. It is a unique identifier used in frame-relay networks to identify the virtual circuit between the local and remote endpoints. DLCI is used for addressing the end nodes in a frame-relay network. BECN stands for Backward Explicit Congestion Notification, FECN stands for Forward Explicit Congestion Notification, and ESI stands for Ethernet Service Instance. These options are not related to the addressing of end nodes in frame-relay networks.

BRI and PRI are the two types of access that a customer may subscribe to. BRI stands for Basic Rate Interface, which is an ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) service that provides two B channels for voice and data transmission, and one D channel for signaling. PRI stands for Primary Rate Interface, which is also an ISDN service but with a higher capacity, providing 23 B channels and one D channel for signaling. These two types of access offer different levels of capacity and functionality for customers to choose from.

LMI stands for Local Management Interface. It is a signaling interface between the router and the Frame Relay Switch. LMI is responsible for exchanging control information and managing the connection between the router and the Frame Relay network. It ensures the proper functioning and maintenance of the Frame Relay connection by monitoring the status of the link and reporting any errors or issues to the router. LMI also helps in the exchange of routing information and keeps the router updated about the network topology.

The correct answer is Call setup services, TDM, Packet Data services (X.25, FR and ATM). Call setup services are used to establish connections between devices in a WAN. TDM (Time Division Multiplexing) is a method of transmitting multiple signals simultaneously over a single communication link. Packet Data services, such as X.25, FR (Frame Relay), and ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode), are protocols used for transmitting data packets over a network. These three types of WAN services are commonly used by CISCO routers for communication purposes.

Frame Relay is a connection-oriented networking protocol. This means that before data can be transmitted, a virtual circuit must be established between the sender and receiver. This circuit remains active for the duration of the communication session, ensuring that all data packets follow the same path and are delivered in the correct order. This connection-oriented approach provides reliable and predictable data delivery, making it suitable for applications that require consistent performance, such as voice and video transmission.

The correct answer is DLCI. DLCI stands for Data Link Connection Identifier, which is a unique identifier assigned by the service provider to each virtual circuit in a Frame Relay network. It is used to distinguish between different connections and route data packets to the correct destination. Therefore, the Frame relay service address provided by the service provider is called a DLCI.

HDLC (High-Level Data Link Control) is a default encapsulation type used by Cisco on serial interfaces. HDLC is a synchronous data link layer protocol that provides error detection and flow control. It is widely used in point-to-point connections and is the default encapsulation type for Cisco serial interfaces unless otherwise specified. HDLC is a reliable and efficient protocol that ensures data integrity during transmission.

The correct answer is DLCI/DL-CORE Indication. DLCI/DL-CORE Indication is not used for congestion control in a frame. DLCI (Data Link Connection Identifier) is a number that identifies a specific virtual circuit within a Frame Relay network, and DL-CORE (Data Link - Connection Oriented Routing Environment) is a protocol used in ATM networks. These elements are used for routing and identifying connections, not for congestion control.

A WAN interface typically consists of two components: DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) and DCE (Data Circuit-terminating Equipment). The DTE is responsible for generating and receiving data on the network, while the DCE provides the physical connection to the network. In this scenario, the router is functioning as the DTE component, as it is responsible for generating and receiving data on the WAN interface.

Frame-relay is a protocol used for communication between end devices and switches in a network. In order for the communication to be successful, the LMI (Local Management Interface) type should be agreed upon between the end device and the switch. This ensures that both devices understand and can interpret the LMI messages exchanged during the frame-relay communication.

Cisco HDLC is not interoperable with other vendors HDLC because it is a proprietary implementation. This means that it is specific to Cisco devices and may not work with devices from other vendors that use the standard HDLC protocol.

The correct answer is that the bearer channel speed is 64K and the D-channel speed is 16K. This means that the bearer channel, which carries the voice or data traffic, has a speed of 64Kbps (kilobits per second), while the D-channel, which is responsible for signaling and control information, has a speed of 16Kbps. This division of speeds allows for efficient communication and allocation of resources in the network.

PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) can be configured on all of the mentioned types of interfaces, including asynchronous serial, HSSI, ISDN, and synchronous serial. PPP is a data link layer protocol commonly used for establishing a direct connection between two nodes in a network. It provides a secure and reliable way to transmit data over various types of physical connections. By supporting multiple interface types, PPP offers flexibility and compatibility with different network setups and technologies.

In order to connect an ISDN circuit to a router with a Series interface, you must connect a Terminal Adapter (TA) into the serial port. The TA serves as an intermediary device that converts the ISDN signal into a format that can be understood by the router. This allows the router to communicate with the ISDN network and establish a connection.

CIR stands for Committed Information Rate. It refers to the guaranteed bandwidth that is available on a frame relay link. This means that the network provider ensures that a certain amount of bandwidth will always be available for the transmission of data on the frame relay link.

In order to support a point-to-multipoint configuration, a Cisco router interface must be configured manually with sub-interfaces. Sub-interfaces allow a single physical interface to be divided into multiple logical interfaces, each with its own unique network address. This enables the router to communicate with multiple devices using different IP addresses on the same physical interface. By configuring sub-interfaces, the router can effectively support a point-to-multipoint configuration and facilitate communication between multiple devices.

The two FR encapsulation types supported within the CISCO IOS are CISCO and IETF. This means that the CISCO IOS supports both the CISCO proprietary encapsulation as well as the standard IETF encapsulation for Frame Relay. The CISCO encapsulation is specific to CISCO devices and may offer additional features or functionality, while the IETF encapsulation is a standardized method that can be used with any vendor's equipment.

During the NCP (Network Control Protocol) negotiation phases, the layer 3 protocol is negotiated. NCP is responsible for establishing and configuring network layer protocols in a communication session. This negotiation process allows both ends of the communication to agree on which layer 3 protocol will be used for transmitting data packets. The layer 3 protocol determines how data is routed and delivered across different networks, ensuring proper communication between devices.

The answer CISCO, ANSI, Q933a is correct because these are the three LMI (Local Management Interface) types that are supported within the CISCO IOS (Internetwork Operating System). CISCO is the default LMI type used by CISCO routers, ANSI is the LMI type used by non-CISCO routers, and Q933a is an ITU-T standard LMI type used in ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) networks.

When configuring a frame relay static route, you must specify the destination layer 3 address and local DLCI. This is because the destination layer 3 address is needed to identify the destination network or host to which the route should be directed. The local DLCI (Data Link Connection Identifier) is required to establish the logical connection between the local router and the frame relay network. By specifying both the destination layer 3 address and local DLCI, the router can correctly forward the traffic to the intended destination over the frame relay network.

In a Frame-relay network, the encapsulation type should agree between the end device and the switch. This means that both the end device and the switch should use the same encapsulation type in order to communicate effectively. If the encapsulation type does not match, there may be issues with data transmission and connectivity between the end device and the switch. Therefore, it is important for the end device and the switch to have compatible encapsulation types in order to ensure proper communication in a Frame-relay network.

During LCP negotiations, all of the above parameters are negotiated. This means that authentication, compression, error detection, and multilink are all negotiated between the two devices. The negotiation process allows the devices to agree on the specific settings and options for each of these parameters, ensuring that both devices are able to communicate effectively and efficiently.

The top speed for FR (Frame Relay) connections is 45Mbps. This means that the maximum data transfer rate for FR connections is 45 Megabits per second.

X.21 bis is a common standard found at the physical level standard for X.25. X.21 bis is a physical interface standard that defines the electrical, mechanical, and functional characteristics for connecting data terminal equipment (DTE) to data circuit-terminating equipment (DCE) in X.25 networks. It specifies the physical connectors, pin assignments, and electrical signaling requirements for the transmission of data over the X.25 network. RS-232 and RS-449 are also physical interface standards, but they are not specifically associated with X.25. X.25 is the higher-level protocol that governs the packet-switched network and provides error correction and flow control mechanisms.

The ISDN standard is organized into three groups: E, I, and Q Series. The E Series specifies the addressing scheme used in ISDN. The I Series defines the concepts and terminology used in ISDN. The Q Series specifies the signaling standards used in ISDN.

Frame Relay networks are considered to be non-broadcast because they do not support the transmission of broadcast messages. In a non-broadcast network, data is sent from one point to another in a unidirectional manner, without being broadcasted to multiple destinations. Frame Relay networks operate on a point-to-point basis, where data is transmitted between specific endpoints, making it an efficient and reliable option for point-to-point communication.

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The DLCI (Data Link Connection Identifier) for frame relay is not guaranteed to be unique across any specific entity mentioned in the options. The uniqueness of DLCI is determined by the combination of the local router and the remote router. Therefore, the correct answer is "none of the above" as none of the options accurately describe the uniqueness of DLCI.