W2k8 NIC Ch. 1

TCP/IP is the correct answer because it is the default network protocol of the Internet and most modern corporate networks. TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol and it is a set of rules that governs how data is transmitted over the internet. It is widely used due to its scalability, flexibility, and compatibility with different types of devices and operating systems. TCP/IP provides reliable and efficient communication between devices, allowing them to send and receive data packets across networks. It is the foundation of the internet and is used for various applications such as web browsing, email, file transfer, and more.

A subnet mask is used to separate the host address portion of an IP address from the network address. It is a 32-bit number that is used to divide an IP address into network and host addresses. The subnet mask helps in determining which part of the IP address belongs to the network and which part belongs to the host. By applying the subnet mask to an IP address, the network can identify the network address and route the traffic accordingly.

The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a simple, standard protocol that makes network administration easier by dynamically assigning IP addresses and providing automatic configuration

IPv4 is the most commonly used TCP/IP implementation in modern networks.

In dotted-decimal notation, each IPv4 address is divided into four parts called octets. An octet is a group of 8 bits, represented by a decimal number ranging from 0 to 255. These four octets are separated by periods (dots) in the notation, hence the term "dotted-decimal." This notation is commonly used to represent IPv4 addresses, where each octet represents a portion of the address that can range from 0 to 255.

Subnetting is the process of dividing a large TCP/IP address space into multiple smaller networks. This allows for efficient utilization of IP addresses and better network management. By creating subnets, network administrators can organize and control network traffic, improve security, and optimize network performance. Routing refers to the process of forwarding data packets between networks. NATing (Network Address Translation) is a technique used to translate private IP addresses to public IP addresses for communication over the internet. Supernetting, on the other hand, involves combining multiple smaller networks into a larger network.

IPv6 is the most recent and largest address space IP addressing scheme. It was developed to replace IPv4, which was running out of available addresses. IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses, allowing for a significantly larger number of unique addresses compared to IPv4's 32-bit addresses. This expansion of address space is necessary to accommodate the increasing number of devices connecting to the internet. IPv5 and IPv7 are not valid IP addressing schemes, making IPv6 the correct answer.

The subnet mask is used to determine the network address within the TCP/IP configuration. It helps to distinguish the network address from the host address by indicating which portion of the IP address represents the network and which portion represents the host. This allows for efficient routing of data packets within the network. Therefore, the correct answer is network address.

CIDR stands for Classless Inter-Domain Routing, which is a method used to allocate and manage IP addresses more efficiently. It allows for the division of IP address space into smaller, more flexible ranges, instead of the traditional fixed-size classes. This enables better utilization of available IP addresses and helps in reducing the size of routing tables. CIDR has become the standard method for IP address allocation and routing on the internet, replacing the older class-based system.

Before the introduction of the Domain Name System (DNS), computers used HOSTS files to map human-readable names to IP addresses. These files contained a list of hostname-to-IP address mappings, allowing computers to translate domain names into their corresponding IP addresses. This served as a basic form of DNS, providing a local database that computers could reference to resolve domain names.

Server computers and other systems that need to be accessed reliably by network clients should be configured with a static IP address. A static IP address is manually assigned to a device and remains the same, providing a fixed point of access for clients. This is important for servers as it ensures consistent connectivity and allows clients to easily locate and connect to the server. Dynamic IP addresses, on the other hand, are automatically assigned by a DHCP server and can change over time, making it difficult for clients to reliably connect to a server. Hyper IP address and lossy IP address are not valid terms in networking.

Each TCP/IP host on a network that uses DNS for name resolution must possess a fully-qualified domain name. A fully-qualified domain name includes the host's name and its position within the DNS hierarchy, providing a unique identifier for the host. This allows other hosts on the network to accurately locate and communicate with the specific host using its fully-qualified domain name. The HOSTS and LMHOSTS files are used for local name resolution, while UNC names are used for accessing network resources.

IPv4 IP addresses are most commonly written in dotted-decimal format. This format represents the IP address as four sets of decimal numbers, separated by periods. Each set represents one octet of the IP address, with each octet ranging from 0 to 255. This format is widely used and easily readable by humans, making it the standard way to represent IPv4 addresses.

Classful addressing was the initial method used to divide IP address space into different classes, each with a specific range of addresses. This approach allowed for address ranges of different sizes, with Class A addresses providing a large range of addresses for large networks, Class B addresses for medium-sized networks, and Class C addresses for small networks. However, classful addressing had limitations as it did not efficiently allocate addresses and resulted in address space wastage. This led to the development of classless addressing, which allows for more flexible allocation of address ranges and better utilization of IP address space.

Each host on a TCP/IP network must be configured with an IP address in order to communicate with other hosts. The IP address serves as a unique identifier for each device on the network, allowing them to send and receive data packets. Without an IP address, the hosts would not be able to establish connections or exchange information with other devices on the network. The Preferred DNS server and Preferred WINS server are optional configurations that help with name resolution, but the essential requirement for communication is the IP address. The Default Gateway is also important for routing traffic between different networks, but it is not necessary for communication within the same network.

Before the introduction of the Domain Name System (DNS), TCP/IP networks used HOSTS files to perform name resolution. HOSTS files were manually maintained text files that contained a mapping of IP addresses to hostnames. These files were stored on individual computers and were used to resolve domain names to their corresponding IP addresses. When a computer needed to resolve a hostname, it would first check its local HOSTS file for the mapping before querying a DNS server. This allowed for name resolution without relying on a centralized DNS system.

Routing is the process of transmitting TCP/IP traffic from one IP subnet to another. It involves the use of routers to determine the best path for data packets to travel from the source subnet to the destination subnet. Routers analyze the destination IP address of the packets and make decisions based on routing tables to forward the packets to the appropriate next hop router. This process allows for efficient and reliable communication between different subnets within a TCP/IP network.

NAT (Network Address Translation) is the technology used by private network ranges that has extended the useful life of IPv4 addressing and slowed the adoption rate of IPv6. NAT allows multiple devices on a private network to share a single public IP address, conserving IPv4 addresses. By translating private IP addresses to a single public IP address, NAT enables more efficient use of IPv4 addresses and delays the need to transition to IPv6.

CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) notation is used to represent IP networks. In CIDR notation, the IP address is followed by a forward slash and a number, which indicates the number of network bits in the address. In this case, the IP network 192.168.1.0/24 represents a network with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0, where the first 24 bits are the network address and the remaining 8 bits are available for host addresses. Therefore, the correct answer is CIDR notation.

The default gateway is the TCP/IP configuration item that allows client computers to communicate with other computers located on remote networks. It acts as an intermediary device that forwards network traffic between different networks. When a client computer wants to communicate with a computer on a remote network, it sends the network traffic to the default gateway, which then routes it to the appropriate destination. This enables the client computer to establish connections and exchange data with computers on remote networks.