1.
Í árdaga gagnagreiningar (e.: analytics) voru gögnin oft fengin frá sérfróðum einstaklingum og handunnin til að búa til ákvarðanatökulíkön (e.: decision models).
Correct Answer
A. Rétt
Explanation
The passage states that data analytics were often obtained from individuals themselves and used to create decision models. This suggests that the correct answer is "Rétt" (Correct).
2.
Hvaða tegund greininga leitast við að varpa ljósi á það sem er að gerast, það sem líklega mun gerast, og að gefa upplýsingar um hvaða ákvarðanir gefa bestu mögulegu niðurstöðuna?
Correct Answer
B. Forskriftar (e.: Prescriptive)
Explanation
Prescriptive analysis involves providing recommendations or guidelines based on historical data and analysis. It aims to prescribe the best course of action or decision based on the available information. In this context, the question is asking about the type of analysis that seeks to shed light on what will likely happen and provide information about the best possible outcomes. Therefore, the correct answer is "Forskriftar" or "Prescriptive" analysis.
3.
Aukning á vinnslugetu vélbúnaðar (e.: hardware), hugbúnaðar (e.: software) og netkerfa (e.: networks) hefur haft lítil áhrif á framþróun viðskiptagreindar (e.: business intelligence).
Correct Answer
B. Rangt
Explanation
The explanation for the correct answer "Rangt" is that the statement suggests that the increase in hardware, software, and networks has had little impact on the development of business intelligence. However, this is incorrect as advancements in technology have greatly enhanced the capabilities of business intelligence systems, allowing for more efficient data processing, analysis, and decision-making.
4.
Hver af eftirfarandi staðhæfingum um gagnagnótt (e.: big data) er sönn?
Correct Answer
D. Gagnagnótt lýsir ákveðinni áskorun við greiningu gagna, ekki einu ákveðnu forriti
Explanation
The correct answer states that big data describes a specific challenge in data analysis, rather than referring to a specific program. This is true because big data refers to the large volume, velocity, and variety of data that cannot be easily managed or analyzed using traditional methods. It is not a single software or tool, but rather a concept that requires specialized techniques and technologies to extract insights and value from the data.
5.
Tölvuvæddur stuðningur (e.: Computerized support) er aðeins notaður fyrir ákvarðanir sem tengjast utan-að komandi þáttum, eins og t.d. þrýstingi frá samkeppnisaðilum, en ekki til að nýta ný tækifæri til hagræðingar í rekstri.
Correct Answer
B. Rangt
Explanation
The given statement is incorrect. It states that computerized support is only used for activities related to external factors, such as competition from competitors, and not for utilizing new opportunities for operational efficiency. However, this is not true. Computerized support can be used for various purposes, including optimizing operations and improving efficiency. Therefore, the correct answer is "Rangt" (Wrong).
6.
Hver er ein af grunn-áskorunum í gerð mælaborða (e.: dashboards)?
Correct Answer
A. Tryggja að upplýsingarnar komist á einn skjá og séu skýrar.
Explanation
The correct answer is "Tryggja að upplýsingarnar komist á einn skjá og séu skýrar." This option states that one of the main purposes of dashboards is to ensure that information is consolidated onto a single screen and presented in a clear manner. This helps users easily access and understand the data they need.
7.
Myndræn greining (e.: Visual analytics) er almennt lýst sem sameiningu myndrænnar framsetningar (e.: visualization) og ____________.
Correct Answer
C. Gagnagreiningar (e.: Analytics)
Explanation
Visual analytics is generally described as the combination of visual representation and analytics. It involves using visual tools and techniques to analyze and understand data, patterns, and trends. By integrating visualizations with analytics, users can gain deeper insights and make more informed decisions. Therefore, the correct answer is "Gagnagreiningar" which means "Analytics" in English.
8.
____________-tölfræði dregur ályktanir um eiginleika þess sem gögnin lýsa.
Correct Answer
D. Aðleiðandi (e.: Inferential)
Explanation
The correct answer is "Aðleiðandi" (Inferential). This is because the word "aðleiðandi" refers to the process of drawing conclusions or making inferences based on the information or data provided. In this context, it suggests that the given data describes the characteristics of something, and the correct answer is the term that represents the act of inferring or drawing conclusions from that data.
9.
Lýsandi (e.: Descriptive) tölfræði gengur út á að útskýra þau gögn sem við erum með.
Correct Answer
A. Rétt
Explanation
The answer is "Rétt" because the question is asking for the correct answer, and "Rétt" means "correct" in Icelandic.
10.
Kostirnir við nýjustu myndrænu greiningarlausnirnar, eins og t.d. SAS Visual Analytics, eru allir af eftirfarandi FYRIR UTAN ____________.
Correct Answer
D. Þau geta kannað mikið magn gagna á fáeinum klukkutímum í staða margra daga
Explanation
The given answer states that the latest image analysis solutions, such as SAS Visual Analytics, can analyze large amounts of data in a few hours instead of several days. This implies that these solutions are efficient and time-saving, allowing users to quickly identify useful patterns in the data.
11.
Þegar verið er að vinna með gögn í víddargagnagrunni (e.: dimensional database) eins og t.d. OLAP, getur notandinn farið frá samtölum niður í smáatriði. Sú aðgerð er kölluð ____________.
Correct Answer
C. Bora niður (e.: drill down)
Explanation
When data is organized in a dimensional database like OLAP, the user can navigate from higher-level summaries to lower-level details by "drilling down" into the data. This means that the user can explore more specific and granular information by accessing more detailed levels of the data hierarchy. Therefore, the correct answer is "bora niður" which translates to "drill down" in English.
12.
Hvaða skipulag vöruhúsa gagna (e.: data warehouse architecture) notar lýsigögn frá öðrum vöruhúsum gagna til að búa til sýndarvöruhús gagna (e.: logical data warehouse)?
Correct Answer
C. Sameinað vöruhús gagna (e.: Federated data warehouse)
Explanation
A federated data warehouse, or sameinað vöruhús gagna, uses a distributed architecture where data is stored and managed in multiple separate data warehouses. These individual data warehouses are then connected and integrated to create a unified view of the data. This allows for data to be accessed and analyzed from multiple sources and locations, providing a comprehensive and centralized view of the organization's data.
13.
Fyrirtæki eyða sjaldnast tíma í að búa til og viðhalda lýsigögnum (e.: meta data) þar sem þau hafa lítið að segja um skilvirkni vöruhúss gagna (e.: data warehouse).
Correct Answer
B. Rangt
Explanation
The given answer "Rangt" is correct because the statement in the question suggests that companies rarely create and maintain metadata in their data warehouses.
14.
Vöruhús gagna (e.: Data warehouses) hafa bein og óbein áhrif á fyrirtækin sem nota þau. Hvert af eftirfarandi eru óbein áhrif af vöruhúsi gagna?
Correct Answer
D. Bætt þjónusta við viðskiptavini
Explanation
The correct answer is "Bætt þjónusta við viðskiptavini" (Improved customer service). Data warehouses provide a centralized and integrated storage of data, allowing businesses to access and analyze data more easily. This improved access to data enables businesses to better understand their customers, their needs, and preferences, leading to improved customer service. By having a comprehensive view of customer data, businesses can personalize their offerings, provide more targeted marketing campaigns, and offer better support and assistance to their customers.
15.
Hvað er Six Sigma?
Correct Answer
D. Aðferðafræði sem er ætlað að lágmarka fjölda galla (e.: defects) í viðskiptaferlum (e.: business processes)
Explanation
Six Sigma er aðferðafræði sem er notað til að lágmarka fjölda galla í viðskiptaferlum. Í þessari aðferð er stefnt að því að draga úr breytileika og ónákvæmni í ferlum og tryggja aðeins 3,4 galla eða minni á hverja milljón aðgerða eða vörur sem eru framleiddar eða veittar. Markmiðið er að ná hámarksárangri og hagkvæmni í viðskiptum með að draga úr galla og eyðingu og að bæta ferli og framleiðslu.
16.
Í ____________ er öllu gagnasafninu skipt niður í ákveðið marga hluta af svipaðri stærð. Síðan eru sumir hlutar notaðir til að þjálfa líkanið á meðan einn er skilinn eftir til að sannreyna líkanið. Ferlið er svo ítrað í nokkur skipti og þjálfunin hættir þegar hver og einn hluti hefur verið notaður til að sannreyna líkanið.
Correct Answer
A. K-faldri skiptingu gagna (e.: k-fold cross-validation)
17.
Samanborið við ____________, sem byrjar á vel skilgreindum tilgátum, byrjar gagnanámun (e.: data mining) á lauslega skilgreindum tilgátum um sambönd í gögnum.
Correct Answer
A. Tölfræði (e.: Statistics)
Explanation
The given statement mentions "gagnanámun" which translates to "data mining" in English. Data mining is a process of discovering patterns, relationships, or insights from large sets of data. Statistics is a branch of mathematics that deals with the collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation, and organization of data. Statistics plays a crucial role in data mining as it provides the necessary tools and techniques to analyze and interpret the data. Therefore, statistics is the most relevant option among the given choices.
18.
Hvaða flokkur gagnanámunarlausna (e.: data mining applications) skiptir gögnum niður eftir nátúrulegum eiginleikum þeirra?
Correct Answer
C. Hópun (e.: Clustering)
Explanation
Clustering is the data mining application that divides data into natural groups based on their inherent characteristics. It is a technique used to identify similarities and differences among data points and group them together accordingly. By clustering data, patterns and relationships within the data can be discovered, helping to gain insights and make informed decisions.
19.
____________ var lagt til um miðbik 10. áratugarins af Evróskum samtökum fyrirtækja, sem staðall í aðferðafræði fyrir gagnanámun (e.: data mining).
Correct Answer
B. CRISP
20.
Hver er helsta ástæða þess að samhliða vinnsla (e.: parallel processing) er stundum notuð fyrir gagnanámun (e.: data mining)?
Correct Answer
B. Magn gagna og flækjustig krefst þess.
Explanation
Parallel processing is sometimes used for data mining because it requires handling large amounts of data and complex calculations.
21.
IBM Watson kerfið byggir á öllu af eftirfarandi FYRIR UTAN ____________.
Correct Answer
D. Fjölhæfri (e.: Universal) vél sem mætti nota í hvaða gagnavinnslu verkefni sem er
Explanation
The correct answer is "Fjölhæfri (e.: Universal) vél sem mætti nota í hvaða gagnavinnslu verkefni sem er." This means that the IBM Watson system is built on a versatile and universal machine that can be used in any data processing task.
22.
Hvað getur greining gagna gert fyrir samfélagsmiðla?
Correct Answer
D. Greinir innihald samræðna á netinu
Explanation
The correct answer is "Greinir innihald samræðna á netinu" which translates to "Analyzes the content of online discussions." This answer suggests that data analysis can be used to understand and interpret the content of online conversations, which can be valuable for social media analysis.
23.
Mismunandi hreimar tungumála eru áskorun fyrir hugbúnað sem ætlað er að skilja mannlegt tungumál.
Correct Answer
A. Rétt
Explanation
Mismunandi hreimar tungumála eru áskorun fyrir hugbúnað sem ætlað er að skilja mannlegt tungumál. This statement translates to "Different language structures are a challenge for software that aims to understand human language." Since the statement is true, the correct answer is "Rétt" which means "Correct" in Icelandic.
24.
Skilningur á því hvaða leitarorð (e.: keywords) leiddu notendur að vefsíðum í gegnum leitarvélar, eykur skilning á ____________.
Correct Answer
A. Hversu vel notandinn skilur vörurnar og þjónustuna sem eru í boði
Explanation
Understanding which keywords users use to search for websites through search engines increases understanding of how well the user understands the products and services offered.
25.
Leitarvélabestur (e.: Search engine optimization - SEO) er aðferð sem hönnuðir vefsíðna nota til að ____________.
Correct Answer
A. Auka vægi vefsíðna í niðurstöðum leitarvéla
Explanation
Search engine optimization (SEO) is a process that aims to increase the visibility and ranking of a website in search engine results. By optimizing various elements of a website such as content, keywords, and backlinks, SEO helps search engines understand the relevance and quality of the website's content. This, in turn, improves the website's chances of appearing higher in search engine results pages (SERPs), ultimately increasing its visibility and attracting more organic traffic. Therefore, the correct answer states that SEO aims to increase the weight or importance of websites in search engine results.
26.
Gögn frá gervitunglum má nota til að meta virkni á lóðum smásöluaðila og kallast þá "annarskonar gögn" (e.: alternative data).
Correct Answer
A. Rétt
Explanation
The given passage states that data from satellites can be used to assess the activity of volcanic eruptions and is referred to as "alternative data." The term "Rétt" means "correct" in Icelandic, so the correct answer is "Rétt."
27.
Hadoop var hannað til að vinna samhliða (e.: parallel) með petabæti (e.: petabytes) og exabæti (e.: exabyte) af gögnum sem er dreift á margar vélar.
Correct Answer
A. Rétt
28.
Í flestum tilfellum er Hadoop ætlað að koma í staðinn fyrir vöruhús gagna.
Correct Answer
B. Rangt
Explanation
In most cases, Hadoop is not intended to replace a data warehouse. Hadoop is a distributed computing framework that is designed to process and analyze large volumes of data across multiple nodes in a cluster. It is commonly used for tasks such as data storage, data processing, and data analysis. On the other hand, a data warehouse is a centralized repository of structured data that is optimized for querying and reporting. While Hadoop can be used as a complementary tool to a data warehouse, it is not typically used as a direct replacement for it. Therefore, the answer "Rangt" (Wrong) is correct.
29.
Hvernig vinnur Hadoop?
Correct Answer
D. Það brýtur gögnin niður í minni hluta og vinnur með hvern þeirra, samtímis á mörgum ódýrum vélum.
Explanation
Hadoop brýtur gögnin niður í minni hluta og vinnur með hvern þeirra, samtímis á mörgum ódýrum vélum. Þetta er gert með því að skipta upp verkefninu í smærri hluta sem hægt er að vinna samhæft á mörgum tölvum í netinu. Þetta eykur vinnsluhraða og getur unnið með stórar gagnasöfn án þess að þurfa að hafa einstaka öfluga tölvu.
30.
Hefðbundin vöruhús gagna hafa ekki náð að halda í við ____________.
Correct Answer
B. Breytanleika (e.: Variety) og flækjustig (e.: complexity) gagnanna
Explanation
The correct answer is "Breytanleika (e.: Variety) og flækjustig (e.: complexity) gagnanna." This means that the development of the SQL query language does not need to consider the variety and complexity of the data. SQL is a standardized language used for managing and manipulating relational databases, and it is designed to handle structured data rather than diverse or complex data types. Therefore, the development of SQL does not need to focus on accommodating the variety and complexity of the data.
31.
Internet hlutanna (e.: Internet of Things - IoT) er fyrirbæri þar sem hin áþreifanlegi heimur tengist internetinu.
Correct Answer
A. Rétt
Explanation
The given statement is in Icelandic language and it translates to "Internet of Things (IoT) is a concept where the physical world is connected to the internet." This statement is correct because IoT refers to the network of physical devices, vehicles, and other objects embedded with sensors, software, and connectivity to exchange data with other devices and systems over the internet. Therefore, the correct answer is "Rétt" which means "Correct" in English.
32.
Til að gagnavinnsla í skýinu (e.: cloud computing) gangi upp þurfa notendurnir að hafa þekkingu á og reynslu af stjórnun tæknilegra innviða.
Correct Answer
B. Rangt
Explanation
The statement in the question is saying that users need to have knowledge and experience in managing technical installations in order to use cloud computing effectively. However, the correct answer is "Rangt" which means "Wrong" in Icelandic. This suggests that the statement is incorrect and users do not need to have knowledge and experience in managing technical installations to use cloud computing.
33.
Samfélagsnetsþjónustur eins og Facebook, Twitter og LinkedIn eru öll dæmi um skýjaþjónustur (e.: cloud services) á meðan Gmail tölvupósturinn er það ekki.
Correct Answer
B. Rangt
Explanation
The given statement is incorrect. The question states that social networking services like Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn are examples of cloud services, while Gmail is not. However, this is incorrect. Gmail is actually a cloud service as well, as it allows users to access their email and store data on remote servers rather than on their local devices. Therefore, the correct answer is "Rangt."
34.
Hver einstaklingur á öll sín lífkenni (e.: biometrics / biometric data) hvar sem þau kunna að vera niðurkomin.
Correct Answer
B. Rangt
Explanation
The given statement is incorrect. It states that every individual has their biometric data available wherever they may be. However, this is not true as biometric data is not universally accessible or stored in every location. Biometric data is typically stored and accessed through specific systems or devices, such as fingerprint scanners or facial recognition systems, and is not readily available everywhere. Therefore, the correct answer is "Rangt" (Wrong).
35.
Skýjaþjónustur (e.: Cloud services) nýtast til að mæta gagnagreiningarþörfum minni og meðalstórra fyrirtækja en þær eru ennþá of vanþróaðar til að nýtast í gagnagnótt (e.: big data).
Correct Answer
B. Rangt
Explanation
Cloud services are actually useful for meeting the data analytics needs of both small and large companies. They are not outdated or unnecessary for utilizing big data.
36.
Hvaða myndriti (e.: chart) er lýst sem auðguð útgáfa af dreifiriti (e.: scatter plot)?
Correct Answer
A. Blöðrurit (e.: Bubble chart)
Explanation
A bubble chart is a type of scatter plot that uses bubbles to represent data points. Each bubble represents a data point and is plotted on a two-dimensional graph with the x and y axes representing different variables. The size of the bubble represents a third variable. Therefore, a bubble chart can be described as an augmented version of a scatter plot because it adds an additional dimension to the data visualization by incorporating the size of the bubbles.
37.
Rekstrar- og færslugagnagrunnar (e.: Operational- and transaction databases) eru vörumiðaðir (e.: product oriented) og vinna með færslur sem geta breytt gögnunum sem þar eru fyrir. Vöruhús gagna (e.: Data warehouse) eru ____________ og ____________.
Correct Answer
C. Efnismiðuð (e.: subject oriented); óhverful (e.: nonvolatile)
Explanation
Operational- and transaction databases are product oriented and can modify the data they contain. Data warehouses, on the other hand, are subject oriented and nonvolatile. This means that data warehouses are focused on specific subjects or areas of interest and do not change frequently. They are designed to store historical and static data for analysis and reporting purposes.
38.
Hvaða áhrif hafa skýlausnir (e.: cloud computing) á stækkanleika (e.: scalability) vöruhúsa gagna (e.: data warehouses)?
Correct Answer
C. Vélbúnaður (e.: Hardware) er gerður aðgengilegur eftir þörfum
Explanation
Cloud computing has a positive impact on the scalability of data warehouses because it allows hardware to be made accessible according to the needs of the warehouse. This means that resources can be easily scaled up or down depending on the demand, ensuring that the warehouse can efficiently handle varying workloads. This flexibility in accessing hardware resources is one of the key benefits of cloud computing for data warehousing.
39.
Gagnanámun (e.: Data mining) getur verið mjög nytsamleg í að aðgreina óeðlilega hegðun eins og t.d. kreditkortasvik, en nýtist lítið fyrir hefðbundnar áskoranir fyrirtækja eins og t.d. að auka sölur.
Correct Answer
B. Rangt
40.
Í gagnanámun (e.: data mining) er aðferðin sem er notuð til að koma auga á tilhneigingu til þess að tvær vörur séu keyptar saman, kölluð ____________.
Correct Answer
D. Sambandsgreining (e.: Association)
Explanation
Sambandsgreining, or association, is a data mining technique used to discover relationships or associations between different items or variables in a dataset. It helps to identify patterns and connections between items that may not be immediately apparent. This technique is often used in market basket analysis, where the goal is to understand which items are frequently purchased together. By analyzing associations, businesses can make informed decisions about product placement, marketing strategies, and customer preferences.
41.
Kostnaðurinn við vistun gagna hefur lækkað mikið undanfarin ár sem gerir m.a. gagnanámun (e.: data mining) aðgengilegri fyrir fleiri fyrirtæki.
Correct Answer
A. Rétt
42.
Í gagnanámun (e.: data mining) getur flokkun (e.: classification) leitt til spádóms um óorðin atvik.
Correct Answer
A. Rétt
Explanation
The given statement in Icelandic language states that data mining can lead to predictions about future events. Therefore, the correct answer is "Rétt," which means "Correct" in English.
43.
Hvað er orðabók (e.: lexicon) í textagreiningu (e.: text analysis)?
Correct Answer
D. Safn orða, samheitum þeirra og merkingu
Explanation
The correct answer is "Safn orða, samheitum þeirra og merkingu." This option correctly defines orðabók (lexicon) in text analysis as a collection of words, their derivatives, and meanings. It implies that a lexicon in text analysis is a comprehensive resource that includes not only individual words but also their variations and associated meanings.
44.
Leitarvélar (e.: Search engines) eru aðeins notaðar til að leita á veraldarvefnum (e.: world wide web - www).
Correct Answer
B. Rangt
Explanation
The statement is incorrect. Search engines are not only used to search the world wide web, but also to search for various types of information such as images, videos, documents, and more. Therefore, the correct answer is "Rangt."
45.
____________ töflureiknilíkan (e.: spreadsheet model) táknar hegðun einhvers yfir tíma.
Correct Answer
B. Kviklegt (e.: Dynamic)
Explanation
A dynamic spreadsheet model represents the behavior or changes of something over time. It allows for updating and recalculating data based on changes in input values or variables. Unlike a static model, a dynamic model can adapt and respond to new information or changes in the system it represents. It is designed to capture the dynamic nature of a process or system and provide real-time insights and analysis.
46.
Hermun er tilraunakennd, kostnaðarsöm og óáreiðanleg aðferð til að öðlast innsýn í flókið ákvarðanatökuferli.
Correct Answer
B. Rangt
47.
Líkanagerð er lykilþáttur forskriftagreininga (e.: prescriptive analytics).
Correct Answer
A. Rétt
Explanation
The given statement is in Icelandic and it translates to "Lýkanagerð er lykilþáttur forskriftagreininga" which means "Closure is a key component of prescriptive analytics." Therefore, the correct answer is "Rétt" which means "Correct" in Icelandic.
48.
Hermun er venjulega aðeins notuð þegar vandamálið er of flókið til að leysa með tölulegum bestunar aðferðum (e.: numerical optimization techniques.)
Correct Answer
A. Rétt
Explanation
The given passage states that "Hermun er venjulega aðeins notuð þegar vandamál er of flókið til að leysa með tölulegum bestunaraðferðum." This can be translated to "Simulation is usually only used when the problem is too complex to solve with numerical optimization techniques." Therefore, the correct answer is "Rétt," meaning "Correct."
49.
Ákvörðunartökutré (e.: Decision tree) geta verið óþjál ef ____________ er(u) til staðar.
Correct Answer
B. Margir valmöguleikar
Explanation
A decision tree can be useful if there are multiple options available for making a decision. It allows for a systematic approach to evaluate each option and determine the best course of action based on the given criteria.
50.
Hvaða flokkur gagnanámunarlausna (e.: data mining applications) dregur saman önnur líkön til að mynda áreiðanlegar og nákvæmar niðurstöður?
Correct Answer
B. Sameinaðar niðurstöður (e.: Ensemble)
Explanation
Ensemble gagnanámunarlausna dregur saman niðurstöður frá mörgum einstökum gagnanámunarlausnum til að mynda einhverja samhæfðari og nákvæmari niðurstöður. Þetta er gert með því að nota mismunandi aðferðir og tækni í gagnanámunarverkefnum og sameina þær saman. Sameinaðar niðurstöður geta því aukið áreiðanleika og nákvæmni gagnanámunarlausna.