Diversity Of Living Things - Chapter 3

The answer states that plant species on Earth have many different shapes and can grow in any environment. This means that there is a wide variety of plant species with diverse shapes, and they are adaptable to different environmental conditions. This explanation highlights the diversity and adaptability of plant species on Earth.

The correct answer is cell wall. Plant cells are surrounded by a rigid and protective cell wall made of cellulose. This cell wall provides structural support and protection to the plant cell, helping it maintain its shape and resist mechanical stress. The cell wall also allows for the exchange of materials between adjacent cells and helps in maintaining the overall integrity of the plant structure.

Plants convert the Sun's energy into food energy through the process of photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose (sugar) and oxygen. The Sun's energy is absorbed by the chlorophyll in plant cells, which then converts it into chemical energy in the form of glucose. This glucose is used as a source of energy for the plant's growth and development. Therefore, the Sun's energy is essential for plants to produce food and sustain life on Earth.

Plants produce oxygen through the process of photosynthesis, which is essential for the survival of humans and other animals. Oxygen is necessary for cellular respiration, the process by which organisms convert oxygen into energy. Without oxygen, humans and animals would not be able to breathe and sustain life. Therefore, the production of oxygen by plants is crucial for the overall balance of the ecosystem and the well-being of all living organisms.

Carbon dioxide and oxygen move through tiny openings at the bottom of the leaf called stomata. Stomata are small pores found on the surface of leaves that allow for gas exchange. During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide enters the leaf through the stomata, while oxygen exits. Stomata also play a role in regulating the amount of water vapor that leaves the leaf, helping to prevent excessive water loss. Cuticles, eyes, and doors are not related to the movement of carbon dioxide and oxygen in leaves.

Xylem and phloem are tissues in the vascular system that transport materials throughout the plant. The vascular system in plants is responsible for the movement of water, nutrients, and sugars. Xylem carries water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant, while phloem transports sugars produced during photosynthesis to different parts of the plant. Therefore, the correct answer is the vascular system.

Living plants are always growing because they have the ability to undergo continuous growth throughout their lifespan. This growth is mainly due to cell division and elongation in various parts of the plant, such as stems, leaves, and roots. Plants require growth to adapt to their environment, obtain nutrients, and reproduce. Unlike animals, plants have indeterminate growth, meaning they can continue to grow throughout their lives as long as they have access to the necessary resources and conditions.

Mosses and ferns live mostly in moist environments because they require a constant supply of water to survive and reproduce. Moisture is essential for their growth and development as they lack a vascular system to transport water and nutrients like other plants. This is why they are commonly found in areas such as rainforests, wetlands, and shady areas with high humidity levels. The presence of moisture helps these plants to absorb water and nutrients directly from their surroundings, enabling them to thrive in such environments.

When a honey bee flies from flower to flower collecting nectar, it acts as a pollinator. Honey bees play a crucial role in the pollination process by transferring pollen from the male parts of a flower to the female parts, allowing plants to reproduce. This process is essential for the production of fruits, vegetables, and seeds. Without pollinators like honey bees, many plant species would struggle to reproduce, leading to a decline in food production and biodiversity.

Fertilized fern eggs produce and release structures called spores. Spores are reproductive cells that can develop into new individuals without the need for fertilization. In ferns, the spores are produced in structures called sporangia, which are typically found on the undersides of fronds. Once released, the spores can be dispersed by wind or water, and under favorable conditions, they can germinate and grow into new fern plants. Therefore, the correct answer is spores.

Bees are important to angiosperm reproduction because when they collect nectar, they also transport pollen from flower to flower. This is due to the fact that bees have specialized body parts and structures that allow them to collect pollen from the male parts of a flower (the stamens) and transfer it to the female parts of another flower (the pistils). This process, known as pollination, is crucial for the fertilization of angiosperm plants and the production of seeds.

Inside a tulip seed is an immature tulip plant called an embryo. The embryo is the young, developing plant that contains all the genetic information necessary for it to grow into a mature tulip. It is the first stage of the plant's life cycle and will eventually develop into roots, stems, leaves, and flowers. The seed itself provides protection and nutrients for the embryo as it germinates and starts to grow.

Transpiration is the process by which water vapor is released from the leaves of plants into the air. It occurs through small openings called stomata on the surface of leaves. This process is essential for plants as it helps in the absorption of water and nutrients from the soil and also aids in cooling the plant. Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose into energy, while photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy. Therefore, the correct answer is transpiration.

The correct answer is "seed." A seed is the reproductive structure of a plant, containing the embryo of the plant. In the context of a pumpkin, the seed refers to the young pumpkin plant that is surrounded by a nutrient-rich coating, which provides the necessary nutrients for the plant to grow and develop.

The leaf is the correct answer because it is the organ in a plant that performs photosynthesis, a process that converts sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into glucose (food) for the plant. The leaf contains chlorophyll, which captures sunlight and uses it to produce energy. This energy is then used to convert water and carbon dioxide into glucose, which is transported throughout the plant to provide nourishment. Therefore, the leaf is responsible for making food for the plant.

In a year when an apple tree doesn't have many flowers, it bears fewer apples. This is because the number of flowers directly correlates to the number of apples that the tree can produce. When there are fewer flowers, there is a limited potential for fruit production, resulting in a smaller yield of apples.

The correct answer is greater access to carbon dioxide. This is because plants require carbon dioxide for photosynthesis, the process by which they produce energy. In the early stages of plant evolution, the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere were much higher than they are today. Therefore, having greater access to carbon dioxide would have provided an advantage for the first plants, allowing them to thrive and adapt to life on land.

When a moss egg is fertilized, it develops into a structure called a sporophyte. In mosses, the sporophyte consists of a stalk called a seta, which supports a capsule at its end. Inside the capsule, spores are produced through meiosis. Therefore, the correct answer is "stalk with a capsule on the end".

Mosses are non-vascular plants, meaning they do not have specialized tissues for transporting water and nutrients. Instead, water and nutrients move through their cells, one cell at a time. This is in contrast to vascular plants, which have specialized tissues like xylem and phloem for efficient transport.

An advantage of reproduction with seeds is that seeds can travel far from the parent plant. This allows for the dispersal of plants over long distances, which can help them colonize new habitats, reduce competition with parent plants, and increase genetic diversity in populations. By being able to travel far, seeds have a higher chance of finding suitable conditions for germination and growth, ensuring the survival and success of the plant species.

When a pollen grain contacts a pistil, it starts to grow a pollen tube. This tube is a long, slender structure that extends from the pollen grain down through the style of the pistil and into the ovary. The pollen tube serves as a pathway for the sperm cells to reach the ovule, where fertilization occurs. It is through this process that the pollen tube enables the transfer of male gametes to the female reproductive organs, ultimately leading to the development of seeds and fruits.

A plant with seeds that are not encased in fruit or flowers is called a gymnosperm. Gymnosperms are a group of plants that produce naked seeds, meaning the seeds are not enclosed within a protective fruit. Examples of gymnosperms include conifers, cycads, and ginkgo trees. These plants have cones or other structures that contain the seeds, but they lack the typical fruits and flowers found in angiosperms. The term "gymnosperm" comes from the Greek words "gymno" meaning naked and "sperma" meaning seed, reflecting the characteristic of these plants.

Germination is the process by which a seed begins to grow when conditions are favorable. It involves the activation of the embryo within the seed, resulting in the emergence of a new plant. During germination, the seed absorbs water, which triggers metabolic processes, leading to the development of roots, shoots, and leaves. Meiosis is a type of cell division involved in the formation of reproductive cells, while pollination refers to the transfer of pollen from the male to the female reproductive organs of plants. A cone is a reproductive structure found in certain plants. Therefore, the correct answer is germination.

Pollination occurs when pollen, which contains the sperm, reaches the part of a plant that protects the egg. This process is essential for fertilization and reproduction in plants. The pollen can be transferred through various means such as wind, water, or by pollinators like bees, butterflies, or birds. Once the pollen reaches the protective part of the plant, it releases the sperm, allowing for fertilization to occur. This ultimately leads to the formation of seeds and the continuation of the plant species.

Both seeds and spores have a protective outer coating. This outer layer serves as a barrier against external factors such as water loss, physical damage, and pathogens. It helps to ensure the survival and protection of the embryo or young plant inside. The protective coating also aids in the dispersal of seeds and spores, allowing them to be transported to new locations.

An angiosperm is a type of plant that produces flowers and fruit. This makes it the correct answer because it directly relates to the given statement about a strawberry plant. The term "angiosperm" refers to the group of plants that have reproductive structures called flowers, which eventually develop into fruits. This characteristic distinguishes them from other types of plants that may not produce flowers or fruits. Therefore, the term "angiosperm" accurately describes a strawberry plant's ability to produce flowers and fruit.

A cherry tree flower is a reproductive structure that contains both sperm and egg cells. Flowers are responsible for the process of pollination and fertilization, where the sperm and egg cells combine to form seeds, which eventually develop into fruits. Therefore, the correct answer is flower.

Pollen is the correct answer because it is a small multicellular structure that holds a sperm cell. Pollen grains are produced by the male reproductive organs of plants and are responsible for the transfer of male gametes to the female reproductive organs for fertilization.

A fruit is a thickened ovary that holds seeds. It is the mature ovary of a flowering plant, which develops after pollination and fertilization. The ovary wall thickens and becomes the fruit, protecting the seeds and aiding in their dispersal. Fruits can come in various shapes, sizes, and textures, and they play an important role in seed dispersal and plant reproduction.

Inside a pine cone, the process of meiosis produces both male and female spore cells. Meiosis is a type of cell division that results in the formation of gametes, which are sex cells. In the case of pine cones, meiosis produces male spore cells called pollen grains and female spore cells called ovules. This process is essential for sexual reproduction in pine trees, as it allows for the fusion of male and female gametes during pollination, leading to the development of seeds.

Germination is the process by which a seed develops into a new plant. It involves the activation of the embryo within the seed, leading to the growth of roots, stems, and leaves. While all living plants reproduce through germination, not all living things with nuclei or living mosses go through this specific process. However, living things with seeds, such as flowering plants, gymnosperms, and some ferns, rely on germination as a crucial step in their reproductive cycle.