United States History: Regents Review

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1. The formation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) was primarily a response to

Explanation

The formation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) was primarily a response to racism and prejudice. These organizations were created to combat discrimination and promote equality for marginalized groups, such as African Americans and Jewish people. They aimed to address systemic racism and prejudice in society through advocacy, education, and legal action. By working towards eliminating racism and prejudice, the NAACP and ADL sought to create a more inclusive and tolerant society.

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About This Quiz
History Quizzes & Trivia

This Regents Review quiz focuses on key aspects of U. S. History, examining geographical influences, population trends, and foundational democratic developments. Ideal for students preparing for standardized history exams, enhancing understanding of historical and geographical contexts.

2. According to the Declaration of Independence, the people have the right to alter or abolish a government if that government

Explanation

The writings of John Locke and other authors of the Enlightenment expressed the idea of “The Consent of the Governed”. Rousseau also maintained that a “Social Contract” existed between government and the governed and when government failed to protect rights, a revolution was in order.

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3. The Louisiana Purchase had great geographic significance for the United States because it

Explanation

The Louisiana Purchase had great geographic significance for the United States because it focused the United States on westward expansion. This is because the purchase of the vast territory doubled the size of the country, opening up new opportunities for settlement and economic development in the western frontier. It allowed the United States to gain control over key trade routes and access to valuable resources, ultimately shaping the country's expansionist ambitions and manifest destiny ideology.

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4. Acquiring New Orleans as part of the Louisiana Purchase was considered important to the development of the Mississippi and Ohio River valleys because the city

Explanation

Acquiring New Orleans as part of the Louisiana Purchase was considered important to the development of the Mississippi and Ohio River valleys because the city served as a port for American agricultural goods. New Orleans was strategically located at the mouth of the Mississippi River, making it a crucial hub for trade and transportation. The city's port facilitated the export of agricultural products from the surrounding river valleys, allowing farmers to access national and international markets more easily. This boosted economic growth and development in the region, making New Orleans a vital asset for the expansion of the Mississippi and Ohio River valleys.

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5. A main goal of President Richard Nixon's policy of détente was to

Explanation

President Richard Nixon's policy of détente aimed to reduce tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union. Détente was a strategic approach to easing Cold War tensions through diplomatic negotiations and agreements. Nixon believed that by engaging in dialogue and establishing a more cooperative relationship with the Soviet Union, the risk of nuclear war could be reduced. This policy included arms control agreements, trade agreements, and cultural exchanges, all aimed at fostering a more peaceful coexistence between the two superpowers.

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6. Which city is paired with the geographical feature that directly contributed to its growth?

Explanation

The Mississippi River was a major trade route that transported goods from North to South. The Mississippi flows into the Gulf of Mexico which led to the development of the trading port city of New Orleans.

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7. The Great Society of Lyndon Johnson is most similar to which other Presidential program?

Explanation

The Great Society of Lyndon Johnson is most similar to Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal. Both programs aimed to address social and economic issues in the United States. The Great Society focused on poverty reduction, civil rights, and education, while the New Deal aimed to alleviate the effects of the Great Depression through various relief and recovery measures. Both programs were significant in expanding the role of the federal government and implementing policies to improve the lives of Americans.

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8. In the publication Common Sense, Thomas Paine argued that

Explanation

Thomas Paine argued in his publication Common Sense that the American colonies should break away from England. This is because Paine believed that foreign nations would reject an independent American government, making it difficult for the colonies to establish themselves as a separate nation. He also argued that overthrowing the British government would be nearly impossible, and that America was too dependent on British trade and protection. Therefore, Paine advocated for the colonies to declare independence from England in order to establish their own government and secure their own future.

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9. The Harlem Renaissance of the 1920's was a period when African Americans

Explanation

During the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s, African Americans in the United States produced significant and influential works of art and literature. This cultural movement, centered in Harlem, New York, showcased the talents of African American writers, poets, musicians, and artists. Through their creative expressions, they explored themes of identity, racial pride, and social issues, challenging stereotypes and promoting cultural awareness. The Harlem Renaissance played a crucial role in shaping African American culture and history, making it an accurate explanation for the given answer.

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10. Which geographic feature is primarily responsible for the lowest population the area shown on the map?

Explanation

The Rocky Mountains are primarily responsible for the lowest population in the area shown on the map. This is because the Rocky Mountains are a rugged and mountainous terrain, making it difficult for human settlement and development. The harsh climate, high elevation, and limited resources in this region make it less attractive for people to live in compared to other areas such as river valleys or coastal regions. Therefore, the presence of the Rocky Mountains restricts population growth and leads to a lower population in the area.

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11. The best source of information for identifying the location of the major mountain ranges in the United States is:

Explanation

An atlas is the best source of information for identifying the location of major mountain ranges in the United States because it provides detailed maps and geographical information. Encyclopedias may have information on mountain ranges, but they may not provide specific locations. Almanacs are more focused on general facts and statistics rather than detailed maps. Dictionaries are primarily for defining words and do not provide geographical information. Therefore, an atlas is the most suitable source for this specific task.

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12. "We hold these truths to be self-evident: That all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; . . ." This quotation is evidence that some of the basic ideas in the Declaration of Independence were

Explanation

Enlightenment thinker John Locke stated in his Two Treatises, that people had natural right including life, liberty, and property. This philosophy was adopted by Jefferson and incorporated into his writing of the Declaration of Independence.

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13. The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan represented attempts by the United States to deal with the

Explanation

The Truman Doctrine was request to the US Congress for assistance for Greece and Turkey (weapons, food, aid) in their on-going struggle against Communism within their nations. The Marshall plan was billions of dollars in US aid for the war revenged nations of Europe, following the Second World War. The intention of the Marshall plan was to provide an incentive for the nations of Europe to reject a move to communism and allow a stable transition to democratic governments.

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14. Population data from the census of 2000 was used to determine the number of

Explanation

The population data from the census of 2000 was used to determine the number of electoral college votes from each state. The electoral college is a system in which each state is assigned a certain number of electoral votes, based on its population. This system is used to elect the President of the United States. The population data helps to determine the representation and influence of each state in the electoral college.

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15. During World War II, women and minorities made economic gains mainly because

Explanation

During World War II, there was a shortage of traditional labor as many men were drafted into the military. This created new opportunities in the workplace for women and minorities who were previously excluded or limited in their employment options. With the shortage of workers, employers had to hire from a broader pool of candidates, leading to economic gains for women and minorities. This allowed them to enter industries and occupations that were previously dominated by men, thus increasing their participation in the workforce and contributing to their economic advancement.

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16. Which protection in the Bill of Rights is most directly related to the 1735 trial of John Peter Zenger?

Explanation

The 1735 trial of John Peter Zenger is most directly related to the protection of freedom of the press. Zenger, a newspaper publisher, was charged with seditious libel for criticizing the government. The trial became a landmark case for establishing the principle that truth is a defense against charges of libel, and that the press has the right to criticize the government without fear of prosecution. This case laid the foundation for the protection of freedom of the press in the United States.

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17. A major cause of the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II was

Explanation

During World War II, the internment of Japanese Americans was primarily driven by racial prejudice. The fear and suspicion towards Japanese Americans were fueled by stereotypes and xenophobia, leading to the belief that they posed a threat to national security. This prejudice disregarded the fact that the majority of Japanese Americans were loyal citizens. While economic depression, immigration quotas, and national segregation policies may have played a role in exacerbating tension, it was ultimately racial prejudice that was the major cause of their internment.

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18. In the United States, the Red Scare of 1919 and the McCarthy Era of the early 1950's were periods of

Explanation

During the Red Scare of 1919 and the McCarthy Era of the early 1950s, there was a widespread persecution of people suspected of holding anti-American political views. These periods were characterized by intense fear and suspicion of communism and communist sympathizers in the United States. The government and various organizations conducted investigations, blacklisted individuals, and implemented loyalty tests to root out perceived threats to national security. Many innocent people were targeted, their careers ruined, and their lives disrupted based on mere suspicion or association with leftist ideologies. This period of persecution had a significant impact on American society and politics, leaving a lasting legacy of fear and distrust.

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19. Which fundamental political idea is expressed in the Declaration of Independence?

Explanation

The writings of John Locke and other authors of the Enlightenment expressed the idea of “The Consent of the Governed”. Rousseau also maintained that a “Social Contract” existed between government and the governed and when government failed to protect rights, a revolution was in order. Much of these Enlightnment idea was used as the basis for justification of the American Revolution in the Declaration of Independence.

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20. The authors of the United States Constitution believed that the voice of the people should be heard frequently. Which part of the Government was instituted to respond most directly to the will of the people?

Explanation

Prior to the passage of the 17th Amendment in 1913, which provided for direct election of U.S. Senators, members of the House of Representatives were the only Federal officials that were voted into office by a popular vote of the people. Before 1913, U.S. Senators were elected by state legislatures. The President has been elected to office through the Electoral College since 1789.

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21. The speakers below are discussing foreign policies that the United States has followed at various times. Base your answers on their statements and on your knowledge of social studies. Speaker A: Steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world. Speaker B: The United States will give economic aid to needy countries anywhere in the world, but will not provide military aid. Speaker C: The United States must prevent the growth of communism. Speaker D: The United States can take over other countries to help them become more like us. Which speaker states a policy most similar to the foreign policy advice given by President George Washington in his Farewell Address?

Explanation

In his farewell address George Washington warned the fledgling America to stay clear of “entangling alliances” with the Europeans, but to continue economic ties with the continent. He also sent warnings about the dangers of political parties and the factions they could create, dividing the American people.

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22. Alexander Hamilton's argument that the government has the power to create a National Bank is based on which part of the Constitution?

Explanation

The elastic clause or the necessary and proper clause in the Constitution, allows Congress to expand its powers beyond the actual text of the Constitution in order to carry out its duties of running the nation. In the case of the National Bank, Hamilton argued that creating the bank fell within the realm of a necessary and proper action, needed to effectively manage the US economy. The bank would remain a divisive issue in early American history as opinions differed over the legality of its creation. It was the center of the Supreme Court case McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) and the “Bank War” under President Andrew Jackson.

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23. "Compromise Enables Maine and Missouri To Enter Union" (1820) "California Admitted to Union as Free State" (1850) "Kansas-Nebraska Act Sets Up Popular Sovereignty" (1854) Which issue is reflected in these headlines?

Explanation

All three examples listed were compromises or agreements reached in order to preserve the balance of power in national government between free and slave states as the United States expanded westward in the 1800’s, fulfilling Manifest Destiny.

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24. The Great Society programs of the 1960's used the power of the Federal Government to bring about

Explanation

Johnson helped back the 1964 Civil Rights Act which was the most significant civil rights legislation of the ear, it protected voting rights, desegregated all public facilities and created the Equal Opportunity Commission to protect job opportunities. Johnson’s “war on poverty” also sought to provide assistance to the poorest in the nation and created Medicaid benefits to assist with medial care.

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25. In the 1780s, many Americans distrusted a strong central government. This distrust is best shown by the

Explanation

Colonists had fought a bitter war in order to achieve their independence from an oppressive British government. Therefore, the Articles of Confederation were drafted in order to ensure that a strong central government would not be a problem.

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26. The decisions of the United States Supreme Court in Miranda v. Arizona, Gideon v. Wainwright, and Escobedo v. Illinois all advanced the

Explanation

In numerous decisions the Warren Court was active in expanding the rights of the accused. The most famous of these was the 1966 Miranda v. Arizona decision that established a suspect’s right to be informed of his or her rights. Many cases such as Mapp v. Ohio (right against illegal search and seizure) Gideon v. Wainwright (right to counsel) and others further helped establish Earl Warren’s legacy as an activist Chief Justice.

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27. The abolitionist movement, the women's suffrage movement, and the 1960's civil rights movement are all examples of reform efforts that

Explanation

Widespread, popular reform movements are also referred to as “grassroots” movements. The protest movements identified above were all successful in achieving their ultimate aims, however as often is the case in American reform movements, the struggle was long and arduous.

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28. During the colonial period, goods were most commonly transported on

Explanation

During the colonial period, goods were most commonly transported on rivers. This is because rivers provided a natural and efficient means of transportation. Rivers allowed for the easy movement of goods from one place to another, as boats and barges could navigate along the waterways. Additionally, rivers often connected to major trading ports and cities, making them ideal for transporting goods to market. The use of rivers for transportation also allowed for the development of river towns and settlements, as they became important hubs for trade and commerce.

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29. Henry Cabot Lodge and other senators opposed ratification of the Treaty of Versailles (1919) because they believed the treaty

Explanation

Henry Cabot Lodge and other senators opposed ratification of the Treaty of Versailles because they believed that it could draw the United States into future conflicts. They were concerned that the treaty's provisions, such as the creation of the League of Nations, would require the US to become involved in international disputes and wars. They wanted to maintain American sovereignty and avoid being entangled in foreign affairs.

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30. Which idea is illustrated by the Supreme Court cases Schenck v. United States and Korematsu v . United States?

Explanation

The Supreme Court ruled that Schenck’s protests against US involvement in WWI were a “clear and present danger” to the United States. The court also ruled during WWII, that the internment of Japanese Americans such as Fred Korematsu was legal because the posed a potential threat to the United States. This illustrates the idea that freedoms of liberty and speech can and have been restricted during the extreme cases, such as wartime.

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31. A major result of the Civil War was that the

Explanation

One of the main causes of the Civil War was a tension between the southern state governments and the federal government over states’ rights and powers. Following the defeat of the Confederacy, the federal government expanded its power and control over that states in order to better avoid a resumption of the tensions that had contributed to the war.

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32. The United States Federal Reserve System was established to

Explanation

The US Federal Reserve is responsible for setting the interest rates charged on loans through US banks. Lower interest rates result in “cheaper money” and a “looser” supply of money. Higher interest rates result in less loans being given and translate into a “tighter” money supply. The Federal Reserve will lower or raise rates in a continual effort to avoid inflation.

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33. Under Chief Justice Earl Warren, the Supreme Court was considered "activist" because of its

Explanation

In numerous decisions the Warren Court was active in expanding the rights of the accused. The most famous of these was the 1966 Miranda v. Arizona decision that established a suspect’s right to be informed of his or her rights. Many cases such as Mapp v. Ohio (right against illegal search and seizure) Gideon v. Wainwright (right to counsel) and others further helped establish Earl Warren’s legacy as an activist Chief Justice.

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34. When John Marshall was Chief Justice, United States Supreme Court decisions tended to strengthen the power of

Explanation

John Marshall had been nominated by John Adams and was a strong Federalist judge. As Chief Justice, Marshall moved the Supreme Court to decisions that favored and strengthened the Federal Government and its superiority over the states. Decisions such as McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) and others are testimony to this expansion and protection of the federal government.

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35. Which conclusion can be drawn from the occurrence of the Red Scare and the decision of the Supreme Court in Schenck v. United States?

Explanation

The Schenk case clearly illustrated the willingness to suspend or restrict freedoms in the face of radical or disruptive speech and press. The Palmer Raids of the twenties and the surrounding ‘red scare’ (fear of Communism) also illustrated the acceptance of illegal searches, suspension of due process and suppression of rights in the battle against unpopular political ideals.

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36. After World War I, why did American farmers fail to share in the general economic growth of the United States?

Explanation

During World War I the US greatly increased its production capacity. After the war, those factories and industry were turned to making consumer good for the spend happy population of the 1920’s. Eventually consumers could not afford any more new goods or were unable to pay of the items they had bought on credit. The resulting overproduction caused a steep drop in prices, caused business to close, increased unemployment and was direct cause of the oncoming great depression.

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37. The establishment of the president's cabinet as part of the United States government was the result of a

Explanation

George Washington, as the first President of the United States, set a precedent by creating his own cabinet. This precedent was followed by future presidents, leading to the establishment of the president's cabinet as an integral part of the United States government. The cabinet consists of the heads of various executive departments who advise and assist the President in decision-making. This tradition started by George Washington has continued throughout the history of the United States, making it the correct answer.

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38. Which argument did President Abraham Lincoln use against the secession of the Southern States?

Explanation

Prior to the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861, Lincoln tried many persuasive arguments to preserve the Union. He contended that; “in view of the Constitution and the law, the union is unbroken”. Despite his efforts seven states had seceded by his inauguration in March 1861, and after the firing on Fort Sumter the Civil War was in progress.

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39. Shortly after World War II, the cold war developed mainly as a result of the

Explanation

At the end of World War II the Soviet Union did not withdraw from the Eastern European nations that it had liberated from German control. Instead, the USSR set up communist governments in these nations, who were directly under the domination and control of Moscow. The US and Western European governments feared the USSR would attempt to expand the ‘Iron Curtain’ of communism further. The resulting fear, mistrust and confrontation, gave birth to the nearly 50 year long Cold War.

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40. President Theodore Roosevelt's Square Deal and President Lyndon Johnson's Great Society were similar in that both

Explanation

Under Teddy Roosevelt the government became increasingly involved in regulating monopolies and public health. Passage of laws such as the Meat Inspection Act (1906) and the Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) were targeted at improving public health. Under Lyndon Johnson the programs of Medicare and Medicaid were established. These were also targeted at public health, providing basic medical coverage for the elderly, the poor and disabled.

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41. The legal basis for the United States purchase of the Louisiana Territory was the

Explanation

Thomas Jefferson used the presidential power of treaty making to make the Louisiana Purchase from France. This action was considered a loose interpretation of the Constitution, which does not provide for the presidential acquisition of territory. While Jefferson was ideologically for a strict interpretation of the Constitution, the excellent opportunity offered by the Louisiana Purchase was too good to pass up.

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42. A major cause of the growth of state and Federal highway systems after World War II was the

Explanation

As GI’s came home from World War II, married and started families, the crowded US cities resulted in a suburban growth in areas surrounding these cities. Jobs remained in the cities and as such, workers drove from the suburbs to the cities for employment. This trend required the growth of infrastructure to facilitate these new lifestyles. The federal highway system of the 1950’s was a result.

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43. According to the 1990 census, which two areas of the United States include the most densely populated parts of the nation?

Explanation

The correct answer is the Northeast and southern California. According to the 1990 census, these two areas were identified as the most densely populated parts of the United States.

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44. In the Colonial Era, developments such as the New England town meetings and the establishment of the Virginia House of Burgesses represented

Explanation

During the period known as “salutary neglect” the English inattention to the colonies allowed for the development of self-rule as expressed through the examples provided.

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45. Which statement best summarizes the beliefs of Booker T. Washington?

Explanation

Booker T. Washington and another great African-American leader, W.E.B. Du Bois differed in their approaches to education. Washington favored vocational education that would teach a skilled trade, such as farming or carpentry. While Du Bois favored broader more formal education, such as literature and sciences.

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46. Which statement about the philosophies of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois is most accurate?

Explanation

Booker T. Washington and another great African-American leader, W.E.B. Du Bois differed in their approaches to education. Washington favored vocational education that would teach a skilled trade, such as farming or carpentry. While Du Bois favored broader more formal education, such as literature and sciences.

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47. Base your answers to questions 23 and 24 on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies. "We intend to begin on the first of February unrestricted submarine warfare. We shall endeavor in spite of this to keep the United States of America neutral. In the event of this not succeeding, we make Mexico a proposal of alliance on the following basis: make war together, make peace together, generous financial support and an understanding on our part that Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. The settlement in detail is left to you.…" — Telegram of January 19, 1917 This telegram was part of an effort to

Explanation

The telegram was sent by Germany in an attempt to enlist Mexican support for Germany if the United States declared war. Germany proposed an alliance with Mexico, offering generous financial support and the promise of Mexico reconquering lost territory in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. This suggests that Germany was seeking to gain an ally in Mexico and potentially disrupt the United States' war efforts.

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48. Alexander Hamilton's proposal to create a national bank and Thomas Jefferson's proposal to purchase the Louisiana Territory were criticized because both actions would

Explanation

Both Alexander Hamilton's proposal to create a national bank and Thomas Jefferson's proposal to purchase the Louisiana Territory would require a loose interpretation of the Constitution. This means that these actions would involve interpreting the Constitution more broadly in order to justify their implementation. Critics argued that this would give the government too much power and go against the original intent and strict interpretation of the Constitution.

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49. Which statement best explains President Abraham Lincoln's justification for the Civil War?

Explanation

As US President, Lincoln was sworn to “preserve and defend” the union. It was clear that allowing the South to succeed from the Union would destroy the United States Lincoln was leading. He attempted to retain the Southern states within the US, eventually resorting to war in order to achieve the desired preservation.

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50. Base your answer to the question below on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies. "[The registrar] brought a big old book out there, and he gave me the sixteenth section of the constitution of Mississippi, . . . I could copy it like it was in the book, but after I got through copying it, he told me to give a reasonable interpretation and tell the meaning of the section I had copied. Well, I flunked out." Source: A History of the United States since 1861 The main intent of the literacy test described in the passage was to

Explanation

Literacy tests and poll taxes were common tactics used in southern states to suppress voting by African-Americans. Grandfather clauses were enacted as a way of allowing poor, uneducated, white southerners to vote despite the tests and taxes, based on their grandfathers voting history.

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51. The speakers below are discussing foreign policies that the United States has followed at various times. Base your answers on their statements and on your knowledge of social studies. Speaker A: Steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world. Speaker B: The United States will give economic aid to needy countries anywhere in the world, but will not provide military aid. Speaker C: The United States must prevent the growth of communism. Speaker D: The United States can take over other countries to help them become more like us. The Korean conflict and the Vietnam conflict were attempts to carry out the foreign policy described by Speaker

Explanation

Speaker C is describing the main idea behind the US policy of containment. The concept of containment was one in which the US government exercised a foreign policy that aimed to halt the spread of communism. Actions such as the Marshall Plan’s aid to European economies after WWII, the Truman Doctrine’s aid to Greece and Turkey as well as the Korean and Vietnam wars referenced above, all serve as examples of this policy in action.

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52. ". . . the American continents, by the free and independent condition which they have assumed and maintain, are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers. . . ." — President James Monroe, 1823 Which President later built on the idea expressed in this quotation?

Explanation

The correct answer is Theodore Roosevelt. Theodore Roosevelt built on the idea expressed in the quotation by implementing the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. This corollary stated that the United States had the right to intervene in the affairs of Latin American countries to maintain stability and protect American interests. This expanded the scope of the Monroe Doctrine and solidified the United States' role as a dominant power in the Western Hemisphere.

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53. Which geographic factor had the greatest influence on early patterns of industrialization in the United States?

Explanation

The availability of waterpower to operate machines had the greatest influence on early patterns of industrialization in the United States. Waterpower was a crucial source of energy for early factories and mills, allowing for the mechanization of production processes. Areas with abundant water resources, such as New England and the Midwest, were able to harness this power and establish thriving industrial centers. Waterpower not only provided energy for machinery but also facilitated transportation through the use of canals and rivers, further supporting industrial growth.

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54. "An attack on one shall be considered an attack on all." This statement summarizes the foreign policy known a

Explanation

The concept of collective security is best summarized by the statement provided; “An attack on one shall be considered an attack on all.”. Collective security became a goal following WWII. Following the war, the United States and the nations of Western Europe formed the collective security arrangement NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) as a method of stopping the spread of communism. The collective security arrangement means that even the smallest nation in NATO not fear invasion by communist forces, as to do so would mean a war with all NATO members. The US is a member of several other collective security arrangements such as SEATO (South East Asian Treaty Organization).

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55. An immediate result of the Supreme Court decision in Schechter Poultry Corporation v. United States (1935) and United States v. Butler (1936) was that

Explanation

When the Supreme Court struck down several provisions of FDR’s New Deal in the 1935 Schecter Poultry v. US case and the 1936 US v. Butler decision, they were exercising a check upon the Legislature and the Executive branches by declaring laws of the Congress and actions of the President unconstitutional. FDR's reaction to these events was an attempt to "pack the court" with his supports. He first attempted to pass a retirement age for justices (which would have forced many to step-down) and later attempted to increase the number of justices to 12. Both tactics failed and the resulting backlash against FDR's attempt to usurp the Court resulted in a loss of support for The New Deal programs in Congress.

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56. At times, the United States Government has passed protective tariffs to

Explanation

Tariffs are taxes placed upon goods being imported into a nation. The imported goods then have a higher total price (after the tax) then similar goods manufactured within the nation itself. This protects the domestic manufactures from having to compete with lower priced, foreign made products. This concept has been applied many time in US history (it was part of Hamilton’s economic plan; the Tariff of 1828 was highly unpopular; tariffs were also applied in the 1920’s and are seen as a contributing factor in the great depression.)

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57. The Dred Scott decision on the issue of slavery upheld the Southern viewpoint that

Explanation

The Supreme Court ruled in Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) that blacks were not citizens and that slaves were property and could be taken anywhere, regardless of a state’s status as free or slave holding. This also served to declare the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional due to its establishment of free/slave state borders. This decision was ultimately nullified by the passage of the 13th amendment feeing the slaves and the 14th amendment establishing citizenship and equal protection under the law.

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58. Which factors were the major causes of the Red Scare and the Palmer Raids, which followed World War I?

Explanation

The Palmer Raids of the twenties and the surrounding ‘red scare’ (fear of Communism) also illustrated the acceptance of illegal searches, suspension of due process and suppression of rights in the battle against unpopular political ideals. In this case the ideals were those of Communism. The fear of a communist revolution in the United States was based upon the events of the Russian Revolution, in which a small-dedicated band of rebels had unified to topple the Czar. Also, the fact that a stated goal of Communism was a worldwide revolution gave rise to fears that rebellion may be at work here in the US.

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59. " . . . his legislative leadership was remarkable. No President since Lincoln had done more for civil rights. Yet much of this was forgotten as American society became increasingly divided over United States participation in a bloody, undeclared war." Which 20th-century President does this statement most accurately describe?

Explanation

The presidency of Lyndon Johnson was marked by great domestic strides, juxtaposed with unpopular foreign policy. At home Johnson helped back the 1964 Civil Rights Act which was the most significant civil rights legislation of the ear, it protected voting rights, desegregated all public facilities and created the Equal Opportunity Commission to protect job opportunities. Johnson’s “war on poverty” also sought to provide assistance to the poorest in the nation and created Medicaid benefits to assist with medial care. Along with these domestic strides, was the backdrop of the Vietnam conflict, an unpopular war in which the US seemed aimlessly mired. These two divergent agendas both boost and tarnish the reputation of Johnson’s administration in the eyes of history.

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The formation of the National Association for the Advancement of...
According to the Declaration of Independence, the people have the...
The Louisiana Purchase had great geographic significance for the...
Acquiring New Orleans as part of the Louisiana Purchase was considered...
A main goal of President Richard Nixon's policy of détente was...
Which city is paired with the geographical feature that directly...
The Great Society of Lyndon Johnson is most similar to which other...
In the publication Common Sense, Thomas Paine argued that
The Harlem Renaissance of the 1920's was a period when African...
Which geographic feature is primarily responsible for the lowest...
The best source of information for identifying the location of the...
"We hold these truths to be self-evident: That all men are...
The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan represented attempts by the...
Population data from the census of 2000 was used to determine the...
During World War II, women and minorities made economic gains mainly...
Which protection in the Bill of Rights is most directly related to the...
A major cause of the internment of Japanese Americans during World War...
In the United States, the Red Scare of 1919 and the McCarthy Era of...
Which fundamental political idea is expressed in the Declaration of...
The authors of the United States Constitution believed that the voice...
The speakers below are discussing foreign policies that the United...
Alexander Hamilton's argument that the government has the power to...
"Compromise Enables Maine and Missouri To Enter Union"...
The Great Society programs of the 1960's used the power of the Federal...
In the 1780s, many Americans distrusted a strong central government....
The decisions of the United States Supreme Court in Miranda v....
The abolitionist movement, the women's suffrage movement, and the...
During the colonial period, goods were most commonly transported on
Henry Cabot Lodge and other senators opposed ratification of the...
Which idea is illustrated by the Supreme Court cases Schenck v. United...
A major result of the Civil War was that the
The United States Federal Reserve System was established to
Under Chief Justice Earl Warren, the Supreme Court was considered...
When John Marshall was Chief Justice, United States Supreme Court...
Which conclusion can be drawn from the occurrence of the Red Scare and...
After World War I, why did American farmers fail to share in the...
The establishment of the president's cabinet as part of the United...
Which argument did President Abraham Lincoln use against the secession...
Shortly after World War II, the cold war developed mainly as a result...
President Theodore Roosevelt's Square Deal and President Lyndon...
The legal basis for the United States purchase of the Louisiana...
A major cause of the growth of state and Federal highway systems after...
According to the 1990 census, which two areas of the United States...
In the Colonial Era, developments such as the New England town...
Which statement best summarizes the beliefs of Booker T. Washington?
Which statement about the philosophies of Booker T. Washington and...
Base your answers to questions 23 and 24 on the passage below and on...
Alexander Hamilton's proposal to create a national bank and Thomas...
Which statement best explains President Abraham Lincoln's...
Base your answer to the question below on the passage below and on...
The speakers below are discussing foreign policies that the United...
". . . the American continents, by the free and independent condition...
Which geographic factor had the greatest influence on early patterns...
"An attack on one shall be considered an attack on all." This...
An immediate result of the Supreme Court decision in Schechter Poultry...
At times, the United States Government has passed protective tariffs...
The Dred Scott decision on the issue of slavery upheld the Southern...
Which factors were the major causes of the Red Scare and the Palmer...
" . . . his legislative leadership was remarkable. No President since...
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