Unit 2 Pretest

Atoms are the tiny particles that make up all matter. They are the building blocks of everything in the universe, including genes, minerals, and cells. Genes are segments of DNA that contain instructions for building proteins, not the fundamental particles themselves. Minerals are inorganic substances found in the Earth's crust, and cells are the basic units of life that are made up of various molecules, including atoms. Therefore, atoms are the correct answer as they are the fundamental particles that compose all matter.

When a wet shirt is put on a clothesline on a sunny day, the heat energy from the sun is absorbed by the water molecules in the shirt. This increase in heat energy causes the water molecules to gain enough energy to overcome the forces of attraction between them and escape into the air as water vapor. This process is known as evaporation. As more and more water molecules evaporate from the shirt, the shirt gradually dries. Therefore, the correct answer is "gain heat energy and evaporate."

The property of the milk that can be directly measured using the cup is volume. The measuring cup is specifically designed to measure the volume of liquids, including milk. By pouring the milk into the cup, we can determine the exact amount of milk present, which is a measure of its volume.

During the phase change from liquid to gas, heat energy is absorbed by the substance. This is because the particles in the liquid gain enough energy to overcome the attractive forces between them and transform into a gas state. The absorption of heat energy breaks the intermolecular bonds, allowing the particles to move more freely and increase their kinetic energy, resulting in the conversion from a liquid to a gas.

The ball will come to rest between liquids C and D because its density is higher than the densities of liquids A and B, but lower than the density of liquid D. This means that the ball will sink through liquids A and B until it reaches a point where its density matches the density of liquid C. At this point, the ball will float and come to rest between liquids C and D.

Clouds form through the process of condensation. Condensation occurs when warm air rises and cools, causing the water vapor in the air to condense into tiny water droplets or ice crystals. These droplets or crystals then gather together to form clouds. Condensation is an essential step in the water cycle, as it allows for the formation of clouds and eventually leads to precipitation.

The graph that best shows this change is graph B. As the number of daylight hours increases, the average daily air temperature also increases. This is indicated by the upward slope of the line in graph B. The other graphs either show no change in temperature or a decrease in temperature as the number of daylight hours increases, which contradicts the given information. Therefore, graph B is the most accurate representation of the relationship between daylight hours and average daily air temperature.

The use of images from space has greatly improved the accuracy of weather forecasts. Satellites equipped with advanced imaging technology can capture detailed and real-time data about weather patterns, cloud formations, and atmospheric conditions. This data allows meteorologists to track and predict weather systems with greater precision. By relying on images from space, weather forecasters can gather comprehensive information about the Earth's atmosphere and make more accurate predictions about future weather conditions.

The phase change begins at approximately -10°C. This can be determined by looking at the graph and identifying the point where there is a change in the slope of the line. At this temperature, the substance is transitioning from one phase to another.

Based on the graph, location C has higher average monthly air temperatures compared to locations A and B. The Southern Hemisphere is more likely to have higher temperatures as it experiences summer during the months when the Northern Hemisphere experiences winter. Therefore, location C is most likely located in the Southern Hemisphere.

The correct answer is hydrosphere. Oceans, glaciers, lakes, and rivers are all part of Earth's hydrosphere, which refers to all the water on or near the Earth's surface. The hydrosphere plays a crucial role in the Earth's climate system and is essential for supporting life on the planet.

The uneven heating of Earth's surface is the primary cause of Earth's weather. This is because different parts of the Earth receive different amounts of sunlight, leading to variations in temperature. As a result, air masses with different temperatures and moisture levels are created, leading to the formation of weather patterns such as wind, clouds, and precipitation. This process is known as atmospheric circulation and is responsible for the diverse weather conditions experienced around the world.

The arrows in the diagram indicate the transfer of heat energy in the water. Convection is the process primarily responsible for this transfer of heat. Convection occurs when heat is transferred through the movement of a fluid, in this case, the water in the beaker. As the water near the bottom of the beaker is heated by the Bunsen burner, it becomes less dense and rises. This movement of the heated water causes cooler water to move in and take its place, creating a convection current. This convection current allows heat to be transferred throughout the water in the beaker.