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The correct answer is A. piramida. The statement suggests that as the social class gets higher, the number of people belonging to that class decreases. This can be represented by a pyramid shape, where the base represents the lower social classes with a larger number of people, and the top represents the higher social classes with a smaller number of people. This shape accurately depicts the decreasing trend in the number of people as the social class gets higher.

The most suitable social institution in the given scenario is "ekonomi" or economy. This is because Pak Idror's goal of advertising on a private radio station in Kebumen is to make his craft known to the community members, which suggests that he is seeking economic benefits from his work. By advertising, he hopes to attract customers and generate income from his craft. Therefore, the economic institution aligns with his objective of promoting his work and gaining recognition in the community.

Norms and values are closely related because norms are the social rules and expectations that guide behavior, while values are the beliefs and principles that individuals hold. Norms provide a framework for individuals to understand and interpret values, and they help to reinforce and support the expression of values in society. Therefore, norms support and uphold values, making option E the correct answer.

The answer suggests that the upper class has more opportunities and facilities compared to the lower class, which makes social mobility in the upper class more dynamic. This implies that individuals in the upper class have better access to resources and support systems that can help them move up the social ladder.

The correct answer is E. sikap mental yang tidak sehat. This is because someone who frequently kills without feeling remorse is likely to have an unhealthy mental state. It indicates a lack of empathy and a disregard for the value of human life, which are signs of a disturbed mindset.

Adat merupakan pranata yang dapat berperan dalam pengendalian sosial karena didalam adat terdapat norma dan nilai. Norma adalah aturan-aturan yang mengatur tingkah laku dan interaksi sosial dalam masyarakat, sedangkan nilai adalah keyakinan dan pandangan yang dianggap penting oleh masyarakat. Adat mengandung norma-norma dan nilai-nilai yang menjadi pedoman dalam perilaku dan interaksi sosial masyarakat. Dengan adanya norma dan nilai dalam adat, masyarakat dapat mengendalikan dan mengatur tingkah laku anggotanya sehingga tercipta keteraturan sosial.

The correct answer is D. konflik antar suku bangsa. The statement mentions the severity of the conflict in Sampit and implies that the conflict is more directed towards inter-ethnic conflict rather than political parties, religion, personal conflicts, or racial conflicts.

Rizki and Niken are not obedient to their religious teachings because of the influence of their primary environment. This suggests that one of the agents of socialization, which is the family, is not functioning properly. The family plays a crucial role in shaping individuals' beliefs, values, and behaviors, including religious practices. If the family fails to instill religious obedience, it can lead to individuals not following religious teachings.

The correct answer is B. mendorong solidaritas sosial. This means that the function of social values is to promote social solidarity. Social values help to create a sense of togetherness and unity among members of a community, fostering cooperation and support for one another. By upholding and practicing these values, individuals are more likely to work together towards common goals and maintain harmonious relationships, leading to a stronger and more cohesive society.

The most effective social control mechanism is law. Law provides a set of rules and regulations that govern society and ensure order and harmony. It sets boundaries for behavior and establishes consequences for violations. Through the legal system, individuals are held accountable for their actions, and justice is served. Law acts as a deterrent, preventing people from engaging in harmful or illegal activities. It also provides a framework for resolving disputes and conflicts. Overall, law plays a crucial role in maintaining social order and promoting a just and fair society.

Anggota masyarakat yang kehilangan hak sosialnya memerlukan proses sosial untuk mengembalikan mereka ke dalam masyarakat. Proses ini disebut resosialisasi, di mana individu tersebut diajarkan kembali norma-norma dan nilai-nilai sosial yang berlaku dalam masyarakat. Resosialisasi membantu individu untuk beradaptasi kembali dan menjadi anggota yang berfungsi dalam masyarakat setelah kehilangan hak-hak sosial mereka.

In agrarian society, the main basis for social stratification is the amount of agricultural land owned. This means that individuals who own larger plots of land have higher social status and are considered to be part of the upper class. The size of the agricultural land owned determines the wealth and power of an individual in this society.

The most appropriate place to include a list of references is at the end of the research report. This allows readers to easily access and verify the sources that were used in the study.

A subkultur refers to a group within society that develops different values from the general values. This group may have their own set of beliefs, norms, and practices that are distinct from the mainstream culture. They may form their own communities or social networks based on these shared values. Subkultures can emerge within various social contexts, such as youth subcultures, countercultures, or ethnic subcultures. These subcultures often provide a sense of belonging and identity for their members, as they find common ground in their shared values and experiences.

In feudal society, social stratification is based on one's lineage or descent. This means that a person's social status and position in society is determined by their family background and ancestry. In this context, individuals who come from noble or aristocratic families have higher social standing and privileges compared to those who come from common or lower-class families. Therefore, the correct answer is A. keturunan (lineage or descent).

One important factor for social change in society is the high population growth rate. As the population increases, it puts pressure on resources, infrastructure, and social systems, leading to changes in social dynamics, norms, and values. This can result in shifts in social structures, roles, and relationships within the community. Therefore, the high population growth rate can be a catalyst for social change in society.

The correct answer is E. preventif. This is because Pak Budi is advising his son to not stay out late after attending a birthday party. By giving this advice, Pak Budi is taking preventive measures to ensure that his son doesn't get into any trouble or engage in any risky behavior by staying out late. Therefore, the word "preventif" accurately describes the nature of Pak Budi's advice.

One of the factors that hinder social change in society is the presence of vested interests. Vested interests refer to the strong interests or benefits that certain individuals or groups have in maintaining the status quo and resisting change. These interests can be economic, political, or social in nature, and they often involve preserving power, wealth, or privilege. When there are powerful vested interests in a society, they can block or slow down efforts for social change, as those who benefit from the current system may resist any attempts to challenge or disrupt it.

The correct answer is D. afektif. The given scenario describes Gunawan as a teacher who educates his students with patience and love. This indicates that Gunawan's actions are focused on the emotional and affective aspect of teaching, as he is patient and caring towards his students. Therefore, the correct answer is D. afektif, which refers to the affective domain of teaching that involves emotions, attitudes, and values.

The correct answer is D. modern. This is because in a modern society, there is more social mobility and opportunities for individuals to change their social status dynamically. In contrast, in traditional societies like those based on agriculture (option A) or caste systems (option B), social mobility is limited and individuals are often confined to their inherited social positions. Similarly, options C and E are specific examples that may not apply to all societies, while option D encompasses a broader understanding of societal dynamics.

The correct answer is B. sekunder. The question is asking about the level of interaction between members in a school. The term "sekunder" refers to secondary or indirect interaction. This suggests that the interaction between members in a school is not direct or primary, but rather happens through intermediaries or secondary channels.

The given statement suggests that the current changes are a continuation of the previous changes. This implies that change is seen as a process, rather than a fundamental or structural change. Therefore, the correct answer is E. perubahan sebagai proses.

The most appropriate place for Maya to conduct her research on the cruelty of Roman army oppression would be a library. In a library, Maya can access various historical documents, books, and other resources that provide information about the Roman army's actions and their impact on society. This will allow her to gather evidence and analyze the historical context of the oppression. Conducting the research in a library will provide Maya with a wealth of information and help her gain a comprehensive understanding of the topic.

A questionnaire is the most appropriate tool to gather feedback from parents about the learning activities in SMA N 2 Jeneponto in 2009. This tool allows for structured and standardized data collection, ensuring that the same set of questions is asked to all parents. It also provides anonymity, allowing parents to express their opinions freely. Additionally, questionnaires can be easily distributed to a large number of parents and the data can be easily analyzed.

The correct answer is A. primer. The passage describes the activity of children burning firecrackers before Eid. This behavior is considered a deviation from the norm, as it can be dangerous and potentially harmful. Therefore, it falls under the category of primary deviation, which refers to actions that are seen as deviant but do not result in a change in a person's self-concept or social status.

The given passage states that Pak Bagio moved from his village in Karang Sambung to Kalimantan as part of a transmigration program to develop agriculture there. This movement is clearly geographical in nature, as it involves moving from one location to another. Therefore, the correct answer is E. geografis.

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The given scenario describes a conflict between the school principal and a senior teacher, which is based on their differences in school management. This indicates a conflict between individuals rather than conflicts based on interests, culture, race, or ideas. Therefore, the correct answer is A. konflik antar individu (conflict between individuals).

The correct answer is A. kurasif. This is because the sentence suggests that the death penalty serves as a deterrent to potential murderers, which is a form of social control. The word "kurasif" in Indonesian means "deterrent" or "preventive," which aligns with the idea that the death penalty is used to prevent future crimes.

The presence of differences between the old and new social elements in a society indicates that there is an ongoing process of social change.

The correct answer is B. afektif. This is because the question asks about the type of action that is involved in the event of "labuhan" at Pantai Ayah. "Afektif" refers to actions that are related to emotions, feelings, or attitudes. Therefore, it can be inferred that the event of "labuhan" involves activities that are emotionally or sentimentally driven.

Masyarakat memerlukan suatu pegangan agar dapat melakukan pengendalian sosial dengan baik. Untuk mencapai hal ini, diperlukan adanya suatu lembaga sosial yang dapat mengatur dan mengendalikan perilaku masyarakat. Lembaga sosial atau social institution merupakan suatu sistem yang terdiri dari norma, nilai, dan aturan yang mengatur interaksi sosial dalam masyarakat. Dengan adanya lembaga sosial, masyarakat dapat memahami dan mengikuti aturan-aturan yang berlaku sehingga tercipta keteraturan dan kestabilan sosial.

The most appropriate approach for Gunawan's research is the longitudinal model. This is because Gunawan is observing the academic development of the 40 students from class X until class XII. The longitudinal model involves studying the same group of individuals over an extended period of time to observe changes and development. In this case, Gunawan is following the students' academic progress over multiple years, making the longitudinal model the most suitable approach for his research.

The concept mentioned in the question suggests that research should be based on analysis. This means that in order to find correlations between variables, researchers need to use analytical methods and techniques to examine and interpret the data they collect. Analysis is an essential component of scientific research as it allows researchers to understand the relationships and patterns between variables and draw valid conclusions from their findings.

The correct answer is A. primer. Primer socialization refers to the initial and earliest socialization process that individuals go through, usually during childhood and adolescence. During this stage, individuals learn and adopt behaviors, values, and norms from their immediate family, close friends, and other significant people in their lives. In the given context, it suggests that many teenagers behave like their favorite celebrities, which can be seen as a result of their primary socialization process.

The correct answer is B. okupasi. The explanation for this answer is that the given statement mentions three different groups in society - petani (farmers), pedagang (traders), and guru (teachers). These groups can be differentiated based on their occupations or jobs. Occupation refers to the type of work or employment that a person engages in, and in this case, the occupation of these groups - farming, trading, and teaching - is what sets them apart from each other.

The correct answer is D. Magemen keuangan sekolah. This is because the title of the research is "Studi Korelasi antara Managemen Keuangan Sekolah terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa" which translates to "Correlation Study between School Financial Management and Student Learning Achievement". The research is focused on studying the correlation between school financial management and student learning achievement, making "Magemen keuangan sekolah" (school financial management) the independent variable in this study.

In the given scenario, Bu Supriyanti, a mathematics teacher, is conducting research on the increasing crime rate among students in Kebumen in 2009. The question asks for a requirement that Bu Supriyanti does not possess as a researcher. The correct answer is E. Kompeten (Competent). This means that Bu Supriyanti lacks the necessary skills, knowledge, or expertise to conduct the research effectively.

The correct answer is C. konflik antarkelas sosial. This is because the question is asking about the consequences of social mobility related to political parties, and one of the consequences of social mobility is conflict between social classes. This implies that when individuals move up or down the social ladder based on their political affiliations, it can lead to conflicts between different social classes.

The correct answer is A. Profesi. The given example shows that despite living in the city for a long time, Murtini prioritizes her hometown. This suggests that her profession or occupation is not as important to her as her sense of belonging to her hometown.