Triangles & Root Of The Neck

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  • 1/17 Questions

    You should find the bifurcation of the common carotid into the external carotid and internal carotid in which triangle?

    • Submental triangle
    • Submandibular triangle
    • Carotid triangle
    • Muscular triangle
    • Posterior triangle
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Triangles & Root Of The Neck - Quiz
About This Quiz

This quiz titled 'Triangles & Root of the Neck' assesses knowledge on neck anatomy, focusing on areas such as the carotid triangle. It covers clinical scenarios, nerve functions, and diagnostic procedures relevant for medical students and professionals.

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  • 2. 

    A 16 year-old female experiences swelling and tenderness underneath her chin one week after getting her lower lip pierced. In which triangle is the inflammed structure located?

    • Submandibular

    • Submental

    • Muscular

    • Carotid

    Correct Answer
    A. Submental
    Explanation
    The submental triangle contains the submental lymph nodes which drain the lower lip, chin and the tip of the tongue.

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  • 3. 

    A patient presents with a large goiter of the thyroid. In which Anterior neck triangle is this gland found?

    • Muscular Triangle

    • Submental Triangle

    • Carotid Triangle

    • Submental Triangle

    Correct Answer
    A. Muscular Triangle
    Explanation
    The muscular (omotracheal) triangle contains the infrahyoid muscles, thyroid gland and parathyroid glands.

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  • 4. 

    During a venous catheterization procedure, you are asked to find the best route of entry. You locate the internal jugular vein and your colleague asks which muscle did you use to locate this vein. Which muscle did you reply?

    • Upper portion of trapezius

    • Anterior scalene

    • Omohyoid

    • Sternocleidomastoid

    • Digastric

    Correct Answer
    A. Sternocleidomastoid
    Explanation
    The other muscles are not as convenient as the Sternocleidomastoid when locating the Carotid Triangle. Remember the Carotid triangle composes of the Internal Jugular Vein and is just medial to the omohyoid and lateral to the sternocleidomastoid. Anterior Scalene is found just posterior to the Carotid Triangle.

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  • 5. 

    A soccer player gets a blow to the head, specifically the posterior triangle area; you as a physician notice weakness of the right SCM . A most likely associated finding to be found in this patient is:

    • Pain / weakness of masseter muscle

    • Decreased sensation on the contralateral face

    • Decreased sensation on the ipsilateral neck

    • Weakness of the Traps (Trapezius muscle)

    Correct Answer
    A. Weakness of the Traps (Trapezius muscle)
    Explanation
    Both the trapezius and the SCM are innervated by the spinal accessory nerve (remember: this nerve is at risk in the neck's posterior triangle )

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  • 6. 

    An abscess on the lateral aspect of the tongue drains into lymph nodes in which triangle?

    • Submental triangle

    • Submandibular triangle

    • Carotid triangle

    • Muscular triangle

    • Posterior triangle

    Correct Answer
    A. Submandibular triangle
    Explanation
    The lateral tongue drains into the submandibular lymph nodes, which are in the submandibular triangle. Remember the tip of the tongue drains to the submental nodes in the submental triangle.

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  • 7. 

    The muscle compromising the lateral border of the anterior cervical triangle has its most superior attachment where?

    • C1

    • C2

    • Styloid process

    • Mastoid process

    • Occipital protuberance

    Correct Answer
    A. Mastoid process
    Explanation
    This is referring to the Sternocleidomastoid muscle.

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  • 8. 

    A patient needs to be cutaneously anesthetized over the parotid gland to the mastoid process to drain an abscess. What cutaneous branch and nerve roots are responsible for this area?

    • Lesser occipital n., C2 C3

    • Transverse cervical n., C2 C3

    • Greater auricular n., C2 C3

    • Lesser occipital n., C2

    Correct Answer
    A. Greater auricular n., C2 C3
    Explanation
    The Greater auricular nerve (C2 C3) a branch from Erb's point provides cutaneous innervation to the angle of the mandible to the mastoid process. The Lesser occipital nerve does provide cutaneous innervation to the posterior ear, but it is posterior superior to the ear.

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  • 9. 

    Mr. Numair, who had surgery in the left carotid triangle complained to her physician that she has little sense of touch to the skin over the left side of her neck and difficulty swallowing. The patient's tongue is not affected. The physician suspects that the cervical plexus of nerves to the left side of her patient's neck was harmed during the surgical procedure. Loss of touch sensation to the skin over the anterior triangle would result from injury to which nerve?

    • Lateral supraclavicular nerve

    • Spinal accessory nerve

    • Hypoglossal nerve

    • Medial supraclavicular nerve

    • Transverse cervical nerve

    Correct Answer
    A. Transverse cervical nerve
    Explanation
    Transverse cervical nerve. The cervical plexus is situated deep in the upper part of the neck, under cover of the internal jugular vein and the sternocleidomastoid (SCM). Formed by the anterior primary rami of cervical nerves 1-3, it gives rise to superficial branches, which emerge near the middle of the posterior border of the SCM. The branches are (1) the lesser occipital nerve, which hooks around the accessory nerve and ascends to the auricle; (2) the great auricular nerve which ascends superficial to the SCM and toward the parotid region; (3) the transverse cervical nerve, which crosses the SCM into the anterior neck; and (4) the supraclavicular nerves, which descend as three nerves that cross the clavicle and supply the skin over the shoulder.

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  • 10. 

    In ascending order, from the bifurcation of the carotid superiorly, the arteries that branch off of the external carotid are…

    • Superior thyroid, ascending pharyngeal, facial, lingual, occipital, posterior auricular, maxillary, superficial temporal.

    • Superior thyroid, ascending pharyngeal, lingual, facial, occipital, posterior auricular, maxillary, superficial temporal

    • Superior thyroid, ascending pharyngeal, lingual, facial, posterior auricular, occipital, maxillary, superficial temporal.

    • Superior thyroid, lingual, ascending pharyngeal, facial, posterior auricular, occipital, maxillary, superficial temporal.

    Correct Answer
    A. Superior thyroid, ascending pharyngeal, lingual, facial, occipital, posterior auricular, maxillary, superficial temporal
    Explanation
    The arteries arising off the external carotid in ascending order follow the mnemonic “Some Angry Lady Figured Out P. M. S.” The terminal branches of the external carotid are the maxillary and superficial temporal arteries.

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  • 11. 

    You are performing a surgical dissection of the carotid triangle in attempt to control lymph node metastasis. During the surgery you visualize the anterior scalene muscle, and make sure to avoid severing a structure passing directly anteriorly to the muscle as it crosses the rib. What is this structure?

    • Vagus nerve

    • Subclavian artery

    • Common carotid artery

    • Phrenic nerve

    • Internal jugular vein

    Correct Answer
    A. Phrenic nerve
    Explanation
    The phrenic nerve is the only structure from the options listed that passes anteriorly to the anterior scalene muscle. The subclavian vein also passes anteriorly to the anterior scalene muscle as it crosses the rib, but it is not an option in this particular question. (A), (C), and (E) are wrong because these structures will be found in the carotid sheath. (B) is wrong because the subclavian artery runs between the anterior and middle scalene muscles and does not pass anteriorly to the anterior scalene muscle.

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  • 12. 

    Mrs. Smith present to your clinic with a sore throat, dysphagia, odynophagia, neck pain, and dyspnea for the past 3 months. The patient is warm to touch and vital readings show a fever of 102 F. To investigate this patient further, you order a CBC with differential. Of significance in the report is an elevated white blood cell count; specifically neutrophils. MRI study reveals a small mass in the prevertebral region. This mass is most likely located in a space formed by which of the following structures?

    • Thyrohyoid Membrane/ Buccopharyngeal Membrane

    • Prevertebral Fascia/ Thyrohyoid Membrane

    • Transcervical Fascia/ Buccopharyngeal Membrane

    • Buccopharyngeal Membrane/ Prevertebral Fascia

    Correct Answer
    A. Buccopharyngeal Membrane/ Prevertebral Fascia
    Explanation
    The clincial vignette clearly describes a patient with a retropharyngeal abscess in the retropharyngeal space. The symptoms, elevated WBC count, and MRI study highly suggest a bacterial retropharyngeal abscess as a strong differential diagnosis. The retropharyngeal space is a potential space formed by the buccopharyngeal membrane/fascia anteriorly and the prevertebral fascia posteriorly.

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  • 13. 

    You are doing an elective rotation in the Emergency department and have been closely monitoring a patient who was brought in earlier for cardiopulmonary arrest (“code blue”). The Emergency Medicine resident asks you to place a central venous catheter (line) in the right internal jugular vein. Which of the following external landmarks should be used in order to place the catheter?

    • The right and left axillary arteries

    • The clavicular and sternal heads of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

    • The anterior scalene muscle and the clavicular head of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

    • The anterior scalene muscle and the sternal head of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

    • The clavicle and the sternal head of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

    Correct Answer
    A. The clavicular and sternal heads of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
    Explanation
    The right internal jugular vein is located just posterior to the Sternoclediomastoid muscle, lying lateral to the sternal head of the SCM and medial to the clavicular head of the SCM.

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  • 14. 

    Which of the following nerves are responsible for relaying information to/from the carotid sinus?

    • Cervical Sympathetic Fibers

    • Vagus Nerve

    • CN X and CN IX

    • CN IX only

    Correct Answer
    A. CN X and CN IX
    Explanation
    Recall, the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves are both involved in the relaying of information from the carotid sinus. If the question was asking what nerve carries the sensory information from the pressure receptors the answer would have been the glossopharyngeal alone.

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  • 15. 

    Which of the following is true for the carotid body:

    • It is located in the omotracheal triangle and is sensitive to hypoxia

    • It is located in the carotid triangle and is innervated by the cervical plexus

    • It is located in the carotid triangle and is a baroreceptor responsible for maintaining blood pressure

    • It is located in the carotid triangle and is sensitive to hypoxia

    • It is located in the submental triangle and is a baroreceptor responsible for maintaing blood pressure

    Correct Answer
    A. It is located in the carotid triangle and is sensitive to hypoxia
    Explanation
    the carotid body is located in the carotid triangle and are chemoreceptors that are sensitive to hypoxia.

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  • 16. 
    A 67-year-old female presents in your clinic with symptoms of malaise, fever, weight loss, miosis, anhidrosis and ptosis. You elicit a detailed H&P and discover your patient has a 50-pack-year history of cigarette smoking. You decide to order blood work and a chest radiograph. The results of the chest radiograph are displayed below. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis for the patient’s presenting symptoms and physical findings. - ProProfs

    A 67-year-old female presents in your clinic with symptoms of malaise, fever, weight loss, miosis, anhidrosis and ptosis. You elicit a detailed H&P and discover your patient has a 50-pack-year history of cigarette smoking. You decide to order blood work and a chest radiograph. The results of the chest radiograph are displayed below. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis for the patient’s presenting symptoms and physical findings.

    • Thoracic outlet syndrome

    • Pulmonary fibrosis

    • Emphysema

    • Cervical rib syndrome

    • Pancoast tumor

    Correct Answer
    A. Pancoast tumor
    Explanation
    Pancoast tumors can compress the thoracic sympathetic chain and cause symptoms consistent with Horner’s syndrome.

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  • 17. 

    A man chokes a woman, she presents with inability to speak clearly. Physical Exam shows an inability to elevate the hyoid symmetrically and bilaterally which of the following sites of fracture is most likely to produce such a deficit?

    • Central

    • Lesser horn

    • Greater horn

    • Flabella

    Correct Answer
    A. Lesser horn
    Explanation
    The lesser horn is the attachment for the stylohoid ligament which is responsible for the elevation and stabilization. A) would at least be a symmetrical deficits, D) not real. C) attachment for muscle groups, which is at least working because the woman is able to swallow, just not effectively

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  • Current Version
  • Mar 21, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Feb 17, 2012
    Quiz Created by
    Rossstudent
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