Trail Guide To The Body Ch.1

Deep refers to a structure that is located further inside the body, away from the surface. It implies that the structure is situated at a greater depth compared to other options like superficial, which means closer to the surface. Medial and distal are terms used to describe the relative position of structures in relation to the midline or a reference point, but they do not specifically refer to depth. Therefore, the correct answer is deep.

The term "medial" refers to a structure that is closer to the midline of the body. In anatomical terms, the midline is an imaginary line that divides the body into left and right halves. Therefore, a structure that is described as medial is located towards the midline, while a structure that is described as lateral is located away from the midline. In this case, "medial" is the correct answer because it best describes a structure closer to the midline of the body.

Lateral refers to a structure that is further away from the midline. In anatomical terms, the midline is an imaginary line that divides the body into left and right halves. When something is described as lateral, it means it is located towards the side or away from the midline. Therefore, in this case, the correct answer is lateral.

Abduction refers to the movement of a limb away from the midline of the body. This means that the limb is moved laterally, or towards the side, away from the center of the body. Flexion refers to the bending of a joint, extension refers to the straightening of a joint, and rotation refers to the movement of a body part around its axis. Therefore, the correct answer is abduction as it specifically describes the movement of a limb away from the midline.

Anterior refers to a structure that is located further in front. In anatomical terms, it is used to describe the position of a body part or organ that is situated towards the front of the body or towards the head. This is in contrast to posterior, which refers to a structure that is located towards the back or towards the tail end of the body.

The transverse plane is the correct answer because it divides the body into upper and lower parts. This plane is perpendicular to the sagittal and frontal planes, which divide the body into left and right parts and front and back parts, respectively. The transverse plane is also known as the horizontal plane and is commonly used in anatomy to describe the positioning of organs and structures within the body.

The frontal plane, also known as the coronal plane, divides the body into front and back portions. This plane runs vertically from side to side and is perpendicular to the sagittal plane. It separates the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) sections, allowing for movements such as side bending and lateral flexion.

Flexion is the movement that bends a joint or brings the bones closer together. This movement occurs in the sagittal plane and decreases the angle between the bones at the joint. It is commonly observed in activities such as bending the elbow, curling the spine, or flexing the knee. Flexion allows for increased range of motion and enables various functional movements in the body.

The statement is true because "superior" is a term used in anatomy to describe a structure that is closer to the head. In anatomical position, the head is considered to be the highest point, so any structure located above another structure is considered superior.

Posterior pertains to a structure further toward the back of the body than another structure. It refers to the direction or position that is opposite to the anterior side. In anatomical terms, posterior is used to describe structures that are located towards the back of the body or further away from the front.

The sagittal plane is the plane that divides the body into left and right halves. This plane runs vertically and divides the body into two equal halves, with one side being the mirror image of the other. It is named after the sagittal suture of the skull, which lies in this plane. The frontal plane divides the body into front and back halves, while the transverse plane divides it into upper and lower halves.

Extension is the movement that straightens or opens a joint. When a joint is extended, the angle between the bones increases, allowing for the joint to move into a more straightened position. This movement is commonly seen in activities such as kicking a ball or straightening the arm or leg. Flexion, on the other hand, is the opposite movement, where the joint angle decreases. Adduction refers to movement towards the midline of the body, and medial rotation involves inward rotation of a limb or body part.

Distal means a structure further away from the trunk or the body's midline. In anatomical terms, it refers to a location that is farther away from the point of reference or origin. For example, the fingers are distal to the wrist because they are further away from the body's midline.

Superficial describes a structure closer to the body's surface. This means that the structure is located towards the outermost layer of the body or closer to the skin. It is the opposite of deep, which refers to structures that are located further away from the body's surface.

The term "inferior" refers to a position or direction that is closer to the feet. It can be written with a capital "I" or a lowercase "i," both indicating the same meaning.

Proximal designates a structure closer to the trunk. In anatomical terms, proximal refers to a body part that is closer to the point of attachment or origin. In this context, it means that the structure being referred to is closer to the trunk of the body, which is the central part including the chest, abdomen, and pelvis.

The skeleton is divided into two sections: the appendicular skeleton and the axial skeleton. The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage. It provides support and protection for the central axis of the body, including the brain, spinal cord, and vital organs.

A ball-and-socket joint is a type of joint where a spherical surface of one bone fits into the dish-shaped depression of another bone. This allows for a wide range of movement in multiple directions, such as the shoulder and hip joints. The saddle joint, on the other hand, allows for movement in two directions, while the pivot joint allows for rotational movement. The gliding joint allows for sliding or gliding movements between bones.

A hinge joint allows only flexion and extension. This type of joint works like a door hinge, allowing movement in only one plane, like opening and closing a door. It is found in the elbows and knees, allowing bending and straightening of the limbs. Unlike other joint types, such as saddle or pivot, a hinge joint has limited range of motion and is specialized for specific movements.

Veins carry the blood back to the heart. Unlike arteries, which carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body, veins carry deoxygenated blood from the body's tissues back to the heart. Veins have thinner walls and contain valves to prevent the backward flow of blood. This allows the blood to flow efficiently against gravity and return to the heart, where it can be reoxygenated and pumped out to the body again.

The insertion refers to the point where a muscle attaches to a bone that is more mobile. It is the connection point that allows the muscle to exert force and cause movement at the joint.

A gliding joint is usually between two flat surfaces and allows the least movement of all synovial joints. This type of joint allows bones to slide past each other in various directions, but the movement is limited. Unlike ball-and-socket or saddle joints, which allow for a wider range of movement, a gliding joint only permits small, sliding motions. Similarly, a pivot joint allows for rotation around a central axis, while a gliding joint primarily facilitates sliding movements.

The correct answer is "appendicular." The appendicular skeleton refers to the bones of the arms and legs, as well as the pectoral girdle (shoulder bones) and pelvic girdle (hip bones). This portion of the skeletal system is responsible for supporting and facilitating movement in the body.

A pivot joint is designed to allow one bone to rotate around the surface of another bone. This type of joint is characterized by a ring-like structure that allows for rotational movement. The pivot joint is found in the neck, allowing the head to rotate from side to side. It is also found in the forearm, enabling the rotation of the radius bone around the ulna bone.

A joint, also known as an articulation, refers to the point where bones come into contact with each other. It allows for movement and flexibility in the skeletal system. Joints can be found throughout the body and come in various types, such as hinge joints, ball-and-socket joints, and pivot joints.

Arteries are the blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to various parts of the body. They have thick, elastic walls that help maintain blood pressure and allow for efficient blood flow. Arteries branch out into smaller blood vessels called arterioles, which further distribute the blood to the capillaries. Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels where oxygen and nutrients are exchanged with tissues. Veins, on the other hand, carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Therefore, the correct answer is arteries.

Adduction is the correct answer because it refers to the movement of a joint that brings a limb medially toward the body's midline. This movement is opposite to abduction, which moves a limb away from the body's midline. Medial rotation refers to the inward rotation of a limb, while extension refers to the straightening of a joint.

The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system. The central nervous system is responsible for processing and coordinating information from the body and sending out appropriate responses. The brain is the control center of the body, while the spinal cord acts as a pathway for transmitting signals between the brain and the rest of the body. Together, they play a crucial role in regulating bodily functions and facilitating communication within the nervous system.

There are 639 named muscles located in the human body.

A saddle joint is a modified ellipsoid joint that consists of convex and concave articulating surfaces. This type of joint allows for movement in two planes, similar to the movement of a rider on a saddle. The convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of the other bone, allowing for a wide range of motion. This type of joint is commonly found in the thumb, enabling us to perform intricate movements and grasp objects with precision.

The joint that consists of the oval-shaped end of one bone articulating with the elliptical basin of another bone is called the ellipsoid joint. In this type of joint, the convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of another bone, allowing movement in two planes. This type of joint allows for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction movements.

The correct answer is False. The skeleton actually makes up about 20% of the human body's weight.

The term "origin" refers to the attachment point of a muscle to the more stationary bone. This is where the muscle begins and provides stability during movement. The origin is usually located closer to the body's midline and remains relatively fixed while the muscle contracts and moves the more mobile bone. Therefore, "origin" is the correct answer in this context.

The lymphatic system is responsible for transporting fats from the intestines to the blood. Lymphatic vessels, which are a part of this system, collect the fats, known as chyle, from the intestines and transport them to the bloodstream. This process helps in the absorption and distribution of dietary fats throughout the body. Therefore, the statement that lymphatic vessels carry fats from the intestines to the blood is true.

The four main plexuses of the nervous system are cervical, brachial, lumbar, and sacral. The sacral plexus is located in the lower back and supplies nerves to the pelvic region, buttocks, and lower limbs. It is responsible for controlling movement and sensation in these areas.