Theory of Database Quiz 7 ACT2B

1. It is defined as the process of applying a series of techniques and rules to a database in order to reduce data redundancy

Normalization

Normal form

Projection

Normalization is a process in database management that involves applying various techniques and rules to eliminate data redundancy. This helps in organizing and structuring the database efficiently, ensuring that each piece of data is stored in only one place. By doing so, normalization helps in improving data integrity, reducing storage space, and simplifying data retrieval and manipulation operations.

Explanation

Normalization is a process in database management that involves applying various techniques and rules to eliminate data redundancy. This helps in organizing and structuring the database efficiently, ensuring that each piece of data is stored in only one place. By doing so, normalization helps in improving data integrity, reducing storage space, and simplifying data retrieval and manipulation operations.

2. It is a normal form if and only if it is in 2NF and every non-key attribute is nontransitively dependent on the primary key.

3NF or Third Normal Form

2NF or second normal form

1NF or First normal form

Normalization

A relation is in 3NF if it is already in 2NF and every non-key attribute is nontransitively dependent on the primary key. This means that there are no transitive dependencies between non-key attributes. In other words, if attribute A depends on attribute B, and attribute B depends on the primary key, then attribute A should also depend directly on the primary key. This ensures that the relation is free from redundancy and anomalies, making it in the highest level of normalization.

Explanation

A relation is in 3NF if it is already in 2NF and every non-key attribute is nontransitively dependent on the primary key. This means that there are no transitive dependencies between non-key attributes. In other words, if attribute A depends on attribute B, and attribute B depends on the primary key, then attribute A should also depend directly on the primary key. This ensures that the relation is free from redundancy and anomalies, making it in the highest level of normalization.

3. It is a description of the rules that a database at a certain level of normalization must follow

Normalization

Normal form

Projection

The given correct answer describes the concept of normal form in a database. Normalization refers to the process of organizing data in a database to eliminate redundancy and improve data integrity. Normal forms define a set of rules that a database must follow to ensure data is structured correctly. These rules help in reducing data duplication and inconsistencies, making the database more efficient and reliable. The term "projection" is unrelated to the concept of normal form and does not provide any relevant explanation.

Explanation

The given correct answer describes the concept of normal form in a database. Normalization refers to the process of organizing data in a database to eliminate redundancy and improve data integrity. Normal forms define a set of rules that a database must follow to ensure data is structured correctly. These rules help in reducing data duplication and inconsistencies, making the database more efficient and reliable. The term "projection" is unrelated to the concept of normal form and does not provide any relevant explanation.

4. It is a normal form that states that all underlying simple domains contain atomic values only

3NF or Third Normal Form

2NF or second normal form

1NF or First normal form

Normalization

The given correct answer is 1NF or First normal form. This is because 1NF is the basic level of normalization and it states that all underlying simple domains contain atomic values only. In other words, each attribute in a relation must have a single value, and there should be no repeating groups or arrays of values. This helps to eliminate redundancy and ensures that the data is organized efficiently.

Explanation

The given correct answer is 1NF or First normal form. This is because 1NF is the basic level of normalization and it states that all underlying simple domains contain atomic values only. In other words, each attribute in a relation must have a single value, and there should be no repeating groups or arrays of values. This helps to eliminate redundancy and ensures that the data is organized efficiently.

5. If a table is in third normal form

It is also in Boyce-Codd normal form

It contains non-atomic attributes

It does not contain any transitive dependencies

It contains attributes that are not fully functionally dependent on the key

If a table is in third normal form, it means that it has already met the requirements of the first and second normal forms. Third normal form specifically states that the table should not contain any transitive dependencies. Transitive dependency occurs when an attribute depends on another attribute, which in turn depends on another attribute. By eliminating transitive dependencies, the table is better organized and reduces redundancy and potential update anomalies. Therefore, if a table is in third normal form, it does not contain any transitive dependencies.

Explanation

If a table is in third normal form, it means that it has already met the requirements of the first and second normal forms. Third normal form specifically states that the table should not contain any transitive dependencies. Transitive dependency occurs when an attribute depends on another attribute, which in turn depends on another attribute. By eliminating transitive dependencies, the table is better organized and reduces redundancy and potential update anomalies. Therefore, if a table is in third normal form, it does not contain any transitive dependencies.

6. If a table is in second normal form.

It is also in first normal form

It is also in third normal form

It does not contain any transitive dependencies

It contains attributes that are not fully functionally dependent on the key

If a table is in second normal form, it means that it has already satisfied the requirements of first normal form. First normal form states that all attributes in a table must contain only atomic values and there should be no repeating groups. Therefore, if a table is in second normal form, it is also in first normal form.

Explanation

If a table is in second normal form, it means that it has already satisfied the requirements of first normal form. First normal form states that all attributes in a table must contain only atomic values and there should be no repeating groups. Therefore, if a table is in second normal form, it is also in first normal form.

7. It is defined as any attribute that does not participate in the primary key of the relation concerned

Key attribute

Mutual independence

Non-key attribute

Determinant

A non-key attribute is any attribute that is not part of the primary key of a relation. In other words, it does not uniquely identify a tuple in the relation. Non-key attributes are not used to determine the values of other attributes in the relation and are independent of other attributes. They provide additional information about the tuples but are not essential for identifying them.

Explanation

A non-key attribute is any attribute that is not part of the primary key of a relation. In other words, it does not uniquely identify a tuple in the relation. Non-key attributes are not used to determine the values of other attributes in the relation and are independent of other attributes. They provide additional information about the tuples but are not essential for identifying them.

8. It is a normal form that states that every nonkey attribute is fully dependent on the primary key.

3NF or Third Normal Form

2NF or second normal form

1NF or First normal form

Normalization

The given correct answer is 2NF or second normal form. In second normal form, every nonkey attribute is fully dependent on the primary key. This means that all attributes in a table should depend on the entire primary key, and not just part of it. In other words, there should be no partial dependencies where an attribute depends on only a portion of the primary key. This helps to eliminate redundancy and improve data integrity in a database.

Explanation

The given correct answer is 2NF or second normal form. In second normal form, every nonkey attribute is fully dependent on the primary key. This means that all attributes in a table should depend on the entire primary key, and not just part of it. In other words, there should be no partial dependencies where an attribute depends on only a portion of the primary key. This helps to eliminate redundancy and improve data integrity in a database.

9. This condition exists among attributes within a relation if none of them are functionally dependent on any combination of the others

Key attribute

Non-key attribute

Determinant

Mutual independence

Mutual independence refers to a condition in which none of the attributes within a relation are functionally dependent on any combination of the others. In other words, each attribute is independent and does not rely on any other attribute to determine its value. This ensures that there is no redundancy or unnecessary dependencies within the relation, leading to a more efficient and normalized database design.

Explanation

Mutual independence refers to a condition in which none of the attributes within a relation are functionally dependent on any combination of the others. In other words, each attribute is independent and does not rely on any other attribute to determine its value. This ensures that there is no redundancy or unnecessary dependencies within the relation, leading to a more efficient and normalized database design.

10. It is a normal form if and only if every determinant is a candidate key

3NF or Third Normal Form

2NF or second normal form

1NF or First normal form

BCNF or Boyce-Codd normal form

BCNF or Boyce-Codd normal form is the correct answer because it states that a relation is in BCNF if and only if every determinant is a candidate key. This means that in a BCNF relation, there are no non-trivial functional dependencies where the determinant is not a candidate key. BCNF is a higher normal form than 3NF and 2NF, and it ensures that there are no redundancy or update anomalies in the relation.

Explanation

BCNF or Boyce-Codd normal form is the correct answer because it states that a relation is in BCNF if and only if every determinant is a candidate key. This means that in a BCNF relation, there are no non-trivial functional dependencies where the determinant is not a candidate key. BCNF is a higher normal form than 3NF and 2NF, and it ensures that there are no redundancy or update anomalies in the relation.

Theory Of Database Quiz 7 Act2b