The Accounting Equation Quiz

Explanation
The accounting equation is a mathematical principle because it represents the fundamental relationship between a company's assets, liabilities, and equity. It states that the total assets of a company are equal to the sum of its liabilities and equity. This equation is used in financial accounting to ensure that the company's books are balanced and that all transactions are recorded accurately. Therefore, the statement "The accounting equation is a mathematical principle" is true.

Explanation
The accounting equation forms the basis for double entry bookkeeping. Double entry bookkeeping is a system where every financial transaction is recorded in at least two different accounts, ensuring that the equation remains balanced. The equation states that assets equal liabilities plus equity, and it is used to maintain the accuracy and integrity of financial records. By using double entry bookkeeping, businesses can track and analyze their financial transactions more effectively, ensuring that all debits and credits are properly recorded and accounted for.

Explanation
The correct answer is "Assets equals liabilities plus equity." This equation is a fundamental principle in accounting known as the accounting equation or balance sheet equation. It represents the relationship between a company's assets, which are what it owns, and its liabilities, which are what it owes, along with its equity, which is the residual interest in the assets after deducting liabilities. This equation shows that the total value of a company's assets is equal to the claims against those assets, whether from creditors (liabilities) or owners (equity).

Explanation
A business can own various assets that contribute to its operations and financial stability. Cash is an essential asset as it provides liquidity and enables day-to-day transactions. Office equipment, such as computers and furniture, is necessary for running the business efficiently. Machinery is often owned by businesses involved in manufacturing or production processes. Vehicles may be owned by companies that require transportation for their operations. Accounts receivable represents the money owed to the business by its customers, which is considered an asset.

Explanation
Permanent is the correct answer because all the accounts under assets, liabilities, and equity are considered permanent accounts. These accounts are not closed at the end of an accounting period and their balances are carried forward to the next period. Permanent accounts provide a continuous record of a company's financial position and include assets such as cash, accounts receivable, and property, as well as liabilities like accounts payable and long-term debt. Equity accounts, such as common stock and retained earnings, are also considered permanent accounts as they represent the ownership interest in the company.

Explanation
A business can owe liabilities such as bank loans, borrowed funds, and accounts payable. Bank loans are a common form of liability where a business borrows money from a bank and is obligated to repay it with interest. Borrowed funds refer to any money borrowed from external sources, such as investors or lenders. Accounts payable are the amounts owed by a business to its suppliers or vendors for goods or services received but not yet paid for. These liabilities represent the financial obligations that a business has and must be accounted for in its financial statements.

Explanation
Accounts under revenue and expenses are known as temporary because they represent transactions that occur within a specific accounting period. These accounts are closed at the end of each period and their balances are transferred to the retained earnings or income summary account. Temporary accounts include revenues, expenses, gains, and losses, and they help measure the profitability of a business during a specific period. In contrast, permanent accounts, such as assets, liabilities, and equity, carry their balances forward from one accounting period to the next.

Explanation
The balance sheet is an accounting report that shows the financial position of a company at a specific point in time. It includes the assets, liabilities, and equity of the company. Assets represent what the company owns, liabilities represent what the company owes, and equity represents the owner's interest in the company. Therefore, the balance sheet is the correct accounting report where assets, liabilities, and equity are shown.

Explanation
The balance sheet indicates the financial condition of a business. It provides a snapshot of the company's assets, liabilities, and equity at a specific point in time. It helps in evaluating the company's liquidity, solvency, and overall financial health. It does not indicate whether the business made a profit or the names of its customers.