Test1 Ovp - 2010

In order to make the members of a class public (accessible from outside the class), the keyword "public" should be placed before their declaration.

The given answer is a correct explanation of the code provided. It correctly states that the code declares variables i and j, and then assigns values to them.

When a class is defined, it can contain public data members and private data members.

The correct answer is that the output will be "Pticata leta... Papagalot jade...". This is because the object "pt" is of type Ptica, but it is referring to an instance of the Papagal class. Since the Papagal class extends the Ptica class and overrides the jade() method, when the jade() method is called on the "pt" object, it will execute the implementation in the Papagal class. Similarly, the leta() method is called on the "pt" object, which is inherited from the Ptica class and will execute the implementation in the Ptica class. Therefore, both "Pticata leta..." and "Papagalot jade..." will be printed.

The correct answer is that the function members can be both public and private.

The correct answer is "се функции што не враќаат вредности" which means "are functions that do not return values". This means that class constructors are functions that are used to initialize objects of a class, but they do not return any values. They are typically used to set initial values for the member variables of the class.

The correct answer is "public" because when a class is inherited as "public", all the public members of the base class become public members of the derived class. This means that the derived class can access the public members of the base class.

When multiple inheritance is used in a program, the constructors are called in the order of listing the base classes. This means that the constructors of the base classes are invoked in the same order as they are mentioned in the class declaration.

The correct answer states that class B inherits class A if objects of class B have all the characteristics of objects of class A and some additional specific characteristics. This means that class B can access and use all the attributes and methods of class A, and can also have its own unique attributes and methods. Inheritance allows for code reuse and promotes a hierarchical organization of classes.

The correct answer is "мора да се извршат барем еднаш" which means "must be executed at least once". This is because a do-while loop is a type of loop where the condition is checked at the end of the loop. This means that the statements inside the loop will always be executed at least once, even if the condition is initially false.

The correct answer is "преку операторот за достап "." (through the dot operator)". This means that access to the data members of a class is performed using the dot operator in the given programming language.

When defining a class, it is recommended to include private data members. This is because private data members cannot be accessed or modified directly from outside the class, providing encapsulation and data hiding. By keeping the data members private, we can control their access and ensure that they are only modified through the class's public member functions, maintaining the integrity and consistency of the class's data.

The correct answer is "инстанци на класи". This means that objects are instances of classes. In object-oriented programming, a class is a blueprint for creating objects. When we create a new object, we are creating an instance of that class. Therefore, objects are instances of classes.

When defining a class, it can contain both public and private data members. Public data members can be accessed and modified by any part of the program, while private data members can only be accessed and modified within the class itself. Therefore, the correct answer states that a class can contain both public and private data members.

The correct answer is while and for. These are both loop control structures that allow for repetitive execution of a block of code. The while loop continues executing as long as a certain condition is true, while the for loop specifies a specific number of iterations to be executed. Switch and repeat-until are not loop control structures, but rather conditional and iterative structures respectively.

When declaring an object of a derived class, the constructor of the base class is invoked first. This is because the derived class inherits the properties and behaviors of the base class, and the base class needs to be initialized before the derived class can be. Therefore, the constructor of the base class is called before the constructor of the derived class when creating an object of the derived class.

The correct answer is "преку операторот за достап "." (through the dot operator)". This means that access to function members is done by using the dot operator in the programming language. The dot operator is used to access the functions or members of an object.

The correct answer is that a class is an abstract type that creates a collection of objects that share common behavior and structure.

The modification of existing programs is made possible by the concepts of polymorphism and inheritance in object-oriented languages. Polymorphism allows objects of different types to be treated as objects of a common type, which makes it easier to modify and extend the functionality of a program. Inheritance allows new classes to be created based on existing classes, inheriting their properties and behaviors. This facilitates code reuse and makes it easier to modify and customize existing programs.

The correct answer is "е исполнет условот после while" (the condition after while is satisfied). In a do-while loop, the code block is executed at least once before checking the condition. If the condition after while is satisfied, the loop will continue executing. If the condition is not satisfied, the loop will terminate. This behavior is similar to the repeat-until loop in Pascal.

The correct answer is "секвенца од објекти со ист тип" which means "a sequence of objects of the same type". This is the correct answer because it accurately describes what an array is in Java. An array is a data structure that stores a fixed-size sequence of elements of the same type. Each element in the array can be accessed using its index, which starts from 0.

The correct answer is "имаат свои податоци, имаат свое однесување" because objects in Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) have their own data, which is represented by attributes or properties, and they also have their own behavior, which is represented by methods or functions. This is one of the fundamental principles of OOP, where objects encapsulate both data and behavior, allowing for modular and reusable code.

The given declarations are examples of variable declarations in different data types. "int i" declares a variable named "i" of type integer, "char c" declares a variable named "c" of type character, and "double d" declares a variable named "d" of type double. These declarations are valid and follow the syntax for declaring variables in their respective data types. The declaration "real r" is not a valid declaration in most programming languages, which is why it is not included in the correct answer.

When a class is defined and the access level of its members is not specified, the default access level is private.

The correct answer states that objects have two attributes: data and member functions. This means that objects in this context have both data, which represents the state or characteristics of the object, and member functions, which are the actions or behaviors that the object can perform. These attributes are essential for objects to interact with each other and manipulate their own data. Additionally, the answer implies that objects are created immediately when the class is created and can only be called by other objects. It also suggests that objects can only be created within their own class.

The correct answer is "содржи потпис" (contains a signature). In object-oriented programming, an interface declaration defines a contract that a class must adhere to. It specifies the methods that the class must implement, but it does not provide the actual implementation of those methods. Therefore, an interface declaration only includes the signatures of the methods, not their actual implementation.

The correct answer is "специјални функции за иницијализација" (special functions for initialization). Constructors are special functions in programming languages that are used to initialize objects of a class. They are called automatically when an object is created and are used to set initial values for the object's attributes. Constructors can have parameters to accept values that are used for initialization.

The correct answer states that objects have two attributes: data and member functions. This means that objects in programming languages have both data, which represents the state or characteristics of the object, and member functions, which define the behavior or actions that the object can perform. These attributes are essential for objects to encapsulate data and functionality into a single entity, allowing for modular and reusable code. Additionally, the answer implies that objects are created immediately upon the creation of a class, and they can only be accessed or invoked by other objects.

In multiple inheritance, each class can be inherited with a different level of access. This means that each class can have a different level of accessibility for its inherited members or methods. This allows for more flexibility in designing and implementing the inheritance hierarchy, as each class can have its own specific access level requirements.

The correct answer is "може да се од било кој тип" (can be of any type). This means that static data members in a class can be initialized with values of any data type. Additionally, these static data members can only be accessed by the member functions of the class using the access operators.

The correct answer is "релација помеѓу класите" which translates to "a relationship between classes" in English. In object-oriented programming, inheritance is a mechanism that allows a class to inherit properties and methods from another class. This relationship between classes is important for code organization, reusability, and creating hierarchies of related classes.

The correct answer is if, if-else, and switch. These are all conditional statements used in programming languages to control the flow of the program based on certain conditions. The "if" statement allows the program to execute a block of code if a specified condition is true. The "if-else" statement extends the "if" statement by providing an alternative block of code to execute if the condition is false. The "switch" statement allows the program to select one of many code blocks to be executed based on the value of a variable.

Class constructors are special functions that are automatically executed when an instance of a class is created. They have the same name as the class and do not have a return type. Therefore, the given answer correctly states that the characteristics of class constructors include having the same name as the class and being functions that are automatically executed when an instance of the class is created.

The main task of class constructors is to initialize the data members of the class. They are responsible for setting the initial values of the variables within the class. This ensures that the object created from the class starts with the desired state and can be used correctly. Constructors are called automatically when an object is created, and they can have parameters to allow for different initialization values. The other options listed, such as dynamic memory allocation and encapsulation of variables, are not the main tasks of class constructors.

The correct answer is "It is called every time a declaration statement is executed." This means that the class constructor is invoked every time a declaration statement is executed in the program.

In object-oriented programming, objects have their own attributes and can be extended. This means that objects can have characteristics or properties that define their state, and they can also be expanded or modified to include additional attributes or behaviors. This allows for flexibility and customization in designing and implementing object-oriented systems.

The correct answer is that methods in interfaces do not have a body and interfaces are implemented. This means that interfaces only declare the methods that must be implemented by any class that implements the interface. The lack of a body for methods in interfaces is because interfaces are meant to provide a contract of behavior rather than implementation details. Implementing an interface means that a class provides the actual implementation for the methods declared in the interface.

The correct answer is the third option, "if (uslov) naredbi;". This is because in C++, the syntax for an if statement is "if (condition) { statements; }". The third option follows this syntax correctly by having the condition "uslov" followed by the statement "naredbi;" without any unnecessary keywords or braces.

The correct answer is "не мора да се извршат ниеднаш" (do not have to be executed at all). This is because the question is asking about the requirements that must be followed in a "while" loop. In a "while" loop, the code block may not be executed at all if the condition is initially false. Therefore, the correct answer is that the code block does not have to be executed at all.

The correct answer is "со наследување на функциите и податоците на основната класа" which means "with inheritance of the functions and data of the base class". This means that the derived class inherits all the characteristics of the base class, including its functions and data.

The try block is used to enclose the code that may potentially throw an exception. In this case, the correct answer states that we put the code that can potentially throw an exception in the try block. This means that if any exception occurs within this code, it will be caught and handled by the corresponding catch block. This is an important mechanism for handling exceptions and preventing the program from crashing.

When an object is instantiated from a class, all the data of the object is created. This means that the object will have all the variables and their corresponding values. However, the methods of the object are not created during instantiation. Methods are defined in the class and can be accessed by the object, but they are not created again for each individual object.

The statement is incorrect because the name of a member function in a class can be the same as the name of the class. This is known as a constructor, which is a special member function that has the same name as the class and is used to initialize objects of that class.

The object can have attributes and behavior.

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The definition (creation) of objects can be performed in any function that can be either non-member or a member function of an object. This means that objects can be created and defined in any function, regardless of whether it is a member function of a specific object or not. The objects can be created and defined in any function that has a reference to the corresponding object. Therefore, the correct answer is "во било која функција, која може да биде необјектна или функција членка на некој објект" (in any function, which can be non-member or a member function of some object).

To achieve polymorphism, we need a reference variable of the superclass and an object of the superclass. This is because polymorphism allows us to treat objects of different classes as objects of the same superclass, allowing us to use the same methods and behaviors defined in the superclass. By having a reference variable of the superclass and an object of the superclass, we can dynamically bind the appropriate method implementation at runtime based on the actual object type.

In structural programming, the problem is divided into simpler problems and modular programming is used. This approach allows for breaking down complex problems into smaller, more manageable parts, making it easier to solve them. By dividing the problem into simpler problems, it becomes easier to understand and solve each part individually. Modular programming further enhances this approach by allowing for the creation of reusable modules or functions that can be used to solve different parts of the problem. This promotes code reusability, maintainability, and improves overall program structure.

The correct answer is "мора да се искористи еден од нив" which means "one of them must be used" in English. This implies that if there are one or more constructors declared in a class, at least one of them must be used when defining an object.

The correct answer is "може да се користат како аргументи на функции" and "може да се вратат како резултат на функција". This means that objects of classes can be used as arguments in functions and can also be returned as results from functions.