Test One- Artic And Phono

A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound in a language that can change the meaning of a word when combined with other phonemes. It is responsible for distinguishing between words and establishing their meanings. Phonetics is the study of speech sounds, while articulation refers to the physical production of speech sounds. Speech sound is a more general term that encompasses all sounds produced in speech. However, only a phoneme has the specific function of differentiating word meanings.

Nasals are consonants produced with the velum lowered, allowing air to pass freely through the nasal cavity. This means that the sound is produced by directing the airflow through the nose, rather than through the mouth. Nasals include sounds like /m/, /n/, and /ŋ/.

The correct answer is "the study of how phonemes are organized and function in communication to convey meaning." This is because phonology is a branch of linguistics that focuses on the systematic organization and patterns of sounds (phonemes) in a language. It examines how these sounds are used and combined to convey meaning and differentiate words in communication. Phonology also investigates the rules and principles that govern the sound patterns and structures of languages.

A minimal pair is a pair of words that differ by only one sound, and changing that sound changes the meaning of the words. In this case, "dog" and "log" are a minimal pair because they differ by only one sound (/d/ and /l/), and changing that sound changes the meaning of the words.

The correct answer is "stop-plosive." A stop-plosive is a type of consonant sound that is produced by a complete blockage at a specific point in the vocal tract. This blockage causes a buildup of air pressure, which is then released in a sudden burst, creating a plosive sound. Unlike other consonant sounds like rhotic, lateral, and glide, a stop-plosive involves a complete closure of airflow before the sound is released.

Assimilation is the correct answer because it refers to a phonological process in which a sound changes its phonetic characteristics to become more similar or identical to a neighboring sound. This process occurs due to coarticulation, where sounds are influenced by the articulatory movements of neighboring sounds. As a result, phonemes may change their phonetic constituents to match the sounds around them, leading to assimilation. Therefore, assimilation is the most suitable explanation for the given statement.

The correct answer is manner of articulation. Manner of articulation refers to the way in which airflow is obstructed or modified to produce a specific consonant sound. It describes how the speech organs, such as the tongue, lips, and vocal cords, interact to create different sounds. Place of articulation refers to the specific location in the vocal tract where the airflow is constricted, while vocal tract and oral cavity refer to the general anatomical areas involved in speech production.

The correct answer is "place of articulation". The place of articulation refers to the specific location in the vocal tract where a consonant sound is produced. It is the area within the vocal tract that remains motionless during consonant articulation. This is different from the manner of articulation, which refers to how the airflow is modified during consonant production, and the organ of articulation, which refers to the specific organs involved in producing the sound.

The term "frictative" refers to a type of consonant sound that is produced by the friction or turbulent airflow caused by the narrowing of the vocal tract. This narrowing creates a partial blockage, which results in the characteristic hissing or buzzing sound. In contrast, a plosive sound is produced by a complete blockage of airflow, while an affricative sound is a combination of a plosive and fricative sound. The term "glottal" refers to sounds produced by the vocal folds in the glottis. Therefore, the correct answer is "frictative" because it specifically describes the type of sound produced.

Both anticipatory assimilation and regressive assimilation refer to situations where a sound segment influences a preceding sound. Anticipatory assimilation occurs when a sound changes to become more similar to a following sound, while regressive assimilation occurs when a sound changes to become more similar to a preceding sound. Therefore, the correct answer is both A and B.

Linguistic function refers to how speech sounds function within a specific language. It encompasses the study of how sounds are organized and used in a particular language system. This includes understanding the rules and patterns of phonemes, which are the smallest units of sound that can change the meaning of a word. Phonetics is a related field that focuses on the physical properties of speech sounds, while linguistic function delves into the role and purpose of these sounds within a language.

Coalescence refers to the process of two neighboring segments merging into a new and different segment. This can occur when the articulation of sounds changes due to their proximity to each other. It is a phenomenon that happens in connected speech where the boundaries between sounds become blurred, resulting in the creation of a single, modified segment. Coalescence can occur due to various factors such as ease of articulation or phonetic similarity between the neighboring segments.

The correct answer is "physical sound realities, all the above are true." This means that speech sounds are indeed physical sound realities, as they are produced through the articulatory motor processes. They are also considered the basic unit within phonetics. Additionally, speech sounds can be examined without referring to a specific language system. Therefore, all of the given options are true.