Superbonniequiz Parte 2 (Parcial 2)

The correct answer is a. ese país estaba muy cerrado al comercio. This means that according to Heilbroner and Milberg, the First Industrial Revolution did not begin in England because the country was closed to trade. The other options, b. Inglaterra tenía una clase media bien desarrollada (England had a well-developed middle class), c. en Inglaterra se realizaban muchas investigaciones científicas (many scientific researches were conducted in England), and d. los “caballeros agricultores” ingleses innovaban los procesos agrícolas (English "gentleman farmers" were innovating agricultural processes), are all given as reasons for the Industrial Revolution starting in England.

During the First Industrial Revolution, the output of Great Britain increased rapidly.

The correct answer is c. la migración interna, del sur hacia el norte del país. Las leyes restringiendo la inmigración en Estados Unidos llevaron a una migración interna, con muchas personas del sur del país moviéndose hacia el norte en busca de mejores oportunidades económicas. Estas leyes limitaban la llegada de inmigrantes y también resultaron en una reducción en los salarios industriales. Sin embargo, no provocaron la abolición de la esclavitud, ya que este evento fue el resultado de la Guerra Civil.

The correct answer is d. This answer states that the "barones ladrones" were rich American businessmen who established and maintained monopolistic control over their industries using any means, whether legal or illegal. This suggests that these individuals used their wealth and power to manipulate the market and eliminate competition, similar to the actions of robber barons in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

The industrialization had a destructive impact on competition by eliminating many small companies. This suggests that the growth of large industrial corporations led to the demise of smaller businesses, as they were unable to compete with the scale and resources of the larger companies. This shift in the competitive landscape resulted in the concentration of power and market dominance in the hands of a few major players, leading to the elimination of smaller competitors.

The given question asks to identify the sector that is NOT included in the leading sectors of the Second Industrial Revolution. The Second Industrial Revolution was characterized by advancements in industries such as steel, chemicals, and automobiles. However, the telephone was not considered a leading sector during this time. Therefore, option b, "el teléfono," is the correct answer.

The correct answer is e. Todas las anteriores. The Human Development Index (HDI) is a measure of a country's overall development, which includes various factors such as education, access to healthcare services, access to sanitation services, and income growth rate. Therefore, all of the options mentioned in the question are included in the calculation of HDI.

The correct answer is d. Todas las anteriores. This means that all of the options listed (a, b, and c) were costs of the Industrial Revolution in England. The smoke from coal factories caused lung diseases, there was a decrease in morale, especially in cities, and people worked long hours in dangerous and dirty conditions.

During the Industrial Revolution, savings came from all of the above sources: rich farmers, wealthy manufacturers, and industrial workers. This suggests that multiple groups within society were able to accumulate savings during this time period.

The correct answer is d. Producing goods at low costs with elastic demand. This suggests that one of the main factors contributing to Britain's economic growth was their ability to produce goods at low costs, which in turn led to a higher demand for those goods. This implies that Britain was able to efficiently produce goods that were in high demand, allowing them to generate economic growth.

The correct answer is d. que afectó a la economía en general y que solamente afectó a los sectores líderes. This answer suggests that there are two opinions about the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain: one is that it affected the entire economy, and the other is that it only affected the leading sectors.

The correct answer is b. No había ingenieros suficientes, así que hubo mucha construcción según "prueba y falla". This suggests that the construction of railways in the United States faced a lack of sufficient engineers, leading to a lot of construction based on trial and error. This indicates that there was a lack of expertise and planning in the construction process, resulting in a less efficient and potentially more costly approach.

Las mejoras en navegación del siglo XIX tuvieron un impacto en el imperialismo, el aumento en la inversión extranjera mundial y los movimientos masivos de personas. Sin embargo, no tuvieron un impacto directo en la inflación que caracteriza el siglo. La inflación puede haber sido causada por otros factores económicos y no por las mejoras en navegación.

China was the first country to develop paper money. During the Tang Dynasty in the 7th century, the Chinese government began issuing paper currency as a way to alleviate the burden of carrying heavy coins. The use of paper money spread throughout China and eventually to other parts of the world. China's development of paper money revolutionized the way transactions were conducted and had a significant impact on global economic systems.

During the Industrial Revolution in the late 19th century, Germany and the United States emerged as the leading countries. Both countries experienced significant industrial growth and technological advancements during this period. Germany, with its strong manufacturing base and emphasis on research and development, became a major industrial power. The United States, with its vast natural resources and entrepreneurial spirit, also experienced rapid industrialization and economic growth. Together, Germany and the United States played a crucial role in driving the industrialization process during this time.

According to Easterlin, the countries that industrialized more recently have grown more rapidly because they have been able to copy the technologies developed in other countries.

During the Middle Ages, "señoraje" referred to the tax paid when bringing gold or silver for the minting of coins. This tax was imposed by the feudal lord in exchange for the privilege of using his territory for minting coins. This explanation is supported by the fact that "señoraje" is derived from the Spanish word "señor," meaning lord, and the practice of minting coins required the use of precious metals such as gold and silver.

The correct answer is c. la Ley Sherman; 1890. The explanation is that the first antitrust law in the United States is called the Sherman Act, and it was enacted in 1890. This law aimed to prevent monopolies and promote fair competition in business. It prohibited any agreements or actions that restrained trade or created monopolies, and it also provided for legal action against companies engaged in anticompetitive practices.

In 1971, several significant events took place according to Weatherford. The dollar was devalued, the first ATM was opened, and the first electronic stock exchange was established. However, the one event that did not occur was the abandonment of the gold standard for the dollar. This means that the dollar continued to be backed by gold during this time period.

During the 19th century, ships underwent changes in their size, propulsion methods, and the materials used for construction. However, their purpose remained the same, which was to transport goods, people, and engage in naval activities.

The correct answer is d. las economías de escala. Industrialization of the economy often leads to the development of large-scale production processes, which allow companies to benefit from economies of scale. This means that as production levels increase, the average cost per unit decreases. As a result, new entrants face high barriers to entry because they would need to achieve a certain level of production to compete with existing firms and take advantage of economies of scale.

The correct answer is b. el ferrocarril. The question is asking about the leading sectors of the First Industrial Revolution, and it is asking for the sector that is not included. The other options, iron, steam engine, and cotton industry, were all key sectors during the First Industrial Revolution. The railroad, while an important development during this time, was not considered one of the leading sectors.

The correct answer is d. because it states that the number of factories in the United States decreased due to competition and production concentration. This suggests that as competition increased, some factories were unable to compete and had to close down, leading to a reduction in the overall number of factories. Additionally, the concentration of production may have led to larger factories absorbing smaller ones, further reducing the total number of factories.

Rusia resistió la construcción de ferrocarriles que estaba de moda en Europa hasta que perdió una guerra debido en parte a su falta de ferrocarriles. Esto sugiere que Rusia pudo haberse dado cuenta de la importancia estratégica y económica de los ferrocarriles después de su derrota en la guerra, lo que llevó a un cambio de actitud hacia la construcción de ferrocarriles en el país.

The "gold points" refer to the range within which the exchange rate between gold and silver could fluctuate without causing gold to be shipped or exchanged. This range is determined by considering the costs of transportation and insurance.

The cotton gin, or desmotadora de algodón, had a significant impact on the cotton industry. It increased the efficiency of separating cotton fibers from the seeds, leading to a significant increase in the supply of raw cotton. This increased supply of raw cotton led to an increase in the demand for land, as more land was needed to grow cotton. It also contributed to the expansion of the United States towards the west, as cotton cultivation became a profitable endeavor. However, it did not lead to a decrease in the demand for slaves. In fact, the increased efficiency of cotton production led to a higher demand for slaves to work on cotton plantations.

The correct answer is d. Todas las anteriores. This means that all of the previous statements are correct. The explanation for this is that at the beginning of the 20th century, there was a belief that a war of the magnitude of the Napoleonic Wars would be impossible because the working classes of the world were united under socialism, the merchants would exert political pressure on their governments to avoid war, and the existence of a web of political alliances meant that any altercation would escalate very quickly, discouraging war. Therefore, all of these factors together made a war of that magnitude seem unlikely.

Durante el siglo XIX, el motor de vapor se utilizó en todas las aplicaciones mencionadas: barcos, tractores, automóviles y maquinaria industrial.

The correct answer is c. The central banks were important in the 19th century for the standardization of coins and banknotes. Central banks played a crucial role in establishing a uniform currency system, ensuring the acceptance and stability of money across different regions. This standardization helped facilitate trade and economic transactions, promoting economic growth and development. Manipulating the economy and issuing credit cards were not the primary functions of central banks during this time. Therefore, options a and b are incorrect. Option d, "All of the above," is also incorrect as it includes options that are not relevant to the role of central banks in the 19th century. Option e, "None of the above," is also incorrect as central banks did play a significant role in standardizing currencies and banknotes.

The question states that the populists in the United States were protesting among other things. The options provided are related to bimetallism, inflation, and the high demand for silver in the treasury. However, the correct answer is "None of the above," indicating that the populists were not protesting any of these issues. Therefore, the correct answer suggests that the populists had different concerns or reasons for their protests.