Steve's EKG Final

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17. What is hypotension?

Low blood pressure

High blood pressure

Stage IV

Stage III

18. What are the four chambers of the heart?

Right aorta, right ventricle, left aorta, left ventricle

Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle

Two atria and two verticles

AV left and right, up and down

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20. What is the medical term for blood pressure cuff?

Sphygmomanometer

Diostolic and Systolic

Pressure indicator

Pressure manometer

21. Which way measures temperature?

Orally, by mouth

Axillary, by armpit

Tympanic, by ear

All of the above

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23. What is a myocardial infarction (MI)?

Lack of breath to the lungs

Measurement of the cardiac output

Lungs stop supplying blood to the body

Heart attack

24. What are the four common vital signs performed in a doctor's office?

Pulse, blood pressure, respiration, temperature

Pulse, weight, height, temperature

Temperature, blood pressure, ear infection test, palpate

Family history, eating habits, temperature, pulse

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29. What is the medical term for the fluid filled sac surrounding the heart?

Pericardium

Epicardium

Endocardium

Indocardium

30. On a 12-lead EKG, how many electrodes are attached to the body?

10

12

8, not including ground

14, including ground

31. On all EKG machines, what is the standardized paper movement rate?

25 mm/sec

2.5 mm/sec

25 mm/min

2.5 mm/min

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33. What does an EKG measure?

Measures the 25mm per second that the paper moves

Measures the plot of the x and y axis

Measures the electrical activity of the heart

Measures the signal from the brain to the heart

34. Why is the SA node called the pacemaker?

Because it is where the electrical impulses are generated and is the starting point of the heart's conduction system

Because the generated electrical impulses travel to the AV node through special heart fibers

Because it is where the sympathetic member vibrates when it receives electrical impulses

None of the above

35. What part of the heart does the term endocardium indicate?

Innermost layer of the heart that is lined with epithelial tissue

Outermost layer of the heart where conduction takes place

Middle layer of the heart that is lined with epithelial tissue

Liquid filled sac that surrounds and cushions the heart

36. On an EKG printout, what is the line that is between forms called?

Plane

Plateau

Segment

Flat line

37. What are the unipolar augmented limb leads?

Right arm = aVr

Left arm = aVl

Left leg = aVf

All of the above

38. The hearts' electrical system is called the ________________?

Polarity, negative and positive, switching

Heart circuitry

Body's on/off switch

Cardiac conduction

39. What parts of the heart cause the lub-dub sound?

The venous blood entering the superior and inferior vena cava

The valves opening and closing

The valves when they do not fully close

The contraction of both ventricles

40. On an EKG printout, what is the PR interval?

Just after the R wave (must use the 1500 rule)

The same as the PR segment

The wave and segment from the beginning of the P wave to the end of the PR segment

Just after the Q wave (must use the 300 rule)

41. What is used to describe atrial flutter on the printout of an EKG?

Spiking positive then negative once or twice

Sawtooth pattern

Waveform pattern

Triangle pattern

42. Name and explain the two types of ischemia?

Supply ischemia - supply of oxygen is too low for the demand

Inverted ischemia - supply and demand of oxygen match inversely

Demand ischemia - demand for oxygen exceeds the supply

Both A and C

43. What is the middle muscle layer of the heart called and what does it do?

Microcardium, houses the AV detectors

Macrocardium, determines the contraction rate

Myocadmium, measures the electrolytes in the blood

Myocardium, gives the heart the ability to contract and relax

44. On an EKG printout, the base line is also called the ________________?

Isoelectrotime line

Isoelectrovoltage line

Isoelectrobasal line

Isoelectrical line

45. On an EKG printout, 1mV is equal to _______________?

10 mm

1.0 cm

10 cm

10 mV

46. You are performing a blood pressure check. The sound that you hear first is the __________?

Murmur

Diastolic

Systolic

Flutter

47. A patient's blood pressure reading is 156/98 on the first try and 140/90 on the second. What do the values indicate?

Low blood pressure

Hypotension

Average blood pressure

Hypertension

48. What is the normal respiratory rate for an adult?

12 to 20 breaths per minute

10 to 25 breaths per minute

8 to 18 breaths per minute

15 to 24 breaths per minute

49. What is the purpose of taking the pulse of a patient?

To check for sufficient bloodflow before applying the blood pressure cuff

Confirms the P wave on the EKG chart

Measures the heartrate in beats per minute

50. What is the outermost layer of the heart?

Endocardium

Epocordium

Epicardium

Epicardigraph

51. Why is the wall of the left vetricle three times thicker than the right ventricle?

Because of the AV valve attachment locations

Because of swelling in the heart due to excess fluid

Because it has to be able to withstand the higher blood pressure

None of the above

52. What are valves designed to do?

Allow flow both ways depending on if the electrical conduction is present

Allows all flow into each chamber in order of priority

Creates a whirlpool effect to prevent blood stagnation

Allow forward flow and prevent backward flow

53. As a blood pressure cuff on a patient is deflated you hear a second muffled sound. What is this sound?

The diastolic pressure

A muffled echo of the first sound

An air leak in the blood pressure cuff

None of the above

54. What is the criteria for one breath?

Short inhalation followed by extended exhale

Deep inhalation followed by forceful exhalation of oxygen

One full inhalation and one full exhalation

Half inhalation and half exhalation

55. A waxy fat-like substance that is found in our cells is ______________?

Trans fat

Saturated fat

Cholesterol

Cebum

56. What is the function of the pulmonary valve?

Controls the flow of blood from chamber to chamber

Controls the flow of blood when the other valves stop functioning

Transfers the electrical signal by conduction to the bundle branches

Controls the flow of deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

57. Where does the apex of the heart point?

Down and to the right

Down and to the left

Curved up to the left

Curved up to the right

58. Each day the average heart beats 100,000 times. What is this called?

Cardiac number

Cardiac output

Cardinal output number

Cardinal input number

59. On an EKG printout, what is meant by wave form?

Only the negative spikes

Only the positive spikes

Movement away from the baseline

Movement toward the baseline

60. What does the heated stylus do?

Moves up and down to show positive and negative voltage; traced by heat

Moves up to show negative voltage; fed by heat

Moves down to trace the heated positve voltage

None of the above

61. What is the normal range of the QRS complex?

1.2 seconds

12 nanoseconds

Greater than .12 seconds

Less than .12 seconds

62. You auscultate the heart of a patient and hear abnormal sounds. What could this mean?

The patient has tremors and could indicate abnormal blood flow to the heart

The patient has a heart murmur that could indicate structural heart disease

The patient has a lub dub that could indicate a higher than normal pulse

None of the above

63. What is pericarditis?

Inflammation of the heart

Rapid contractions of the heart

Lowered sodium in the blood causing phlebitis

Inflammation of the pericardium

64. Define arrhythmia?

When the heart has normal sinus rhythm

When the heart keeps up with the rhythm of the heartbeat

When the heart has difficulty keeping up with the speed or rhythm of the heartbeat

None of the above

65. What is the difference between atrial flutter and fibrillation?

Fibrillation is well organized, flutter is not

There is no really noticeable difference

Flutter is well organized, fibrillation is not

Flutter has between 30-80 contractions per minute

66. What is true about congestive heart failure (CHF)?

Condition in which the heart pumps blood inefficiently

Left sided heart failure results in fluid backing up into the lungs

Right sided heart failure produces fluid in the legs and abdomen

All the above are true

67. On an EKG machine setup, what is the meaning of bipolar leads and what is another name for bipolar leads?

Bipolar leads have more than two connectors, leg leads

Bipolar leads are split at the terminal, triangle leads

Bipolar leads have two leads, limb leads

Bipolar leads are special leads, trunk leads

68. What are palpitations?

The sense of the heart skipping a beat

The sense of irregular beating of the heart

The sense of forceful beating of the heart

All the above are correct

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70. If the Q wave is present, what is true of the Q wave?

It is always negative

It is always positive

It is indicating the normal segment

It is indicating an abnormal segment

71. How many electrodes are attached to the patient's trunk while using a Holter monitor?

12 lead wires - 10 electrodes are attached to the body

Five bipolar electrodes and 10 unipolar electrodes

Only uses 10 electrodes at a time

Five electrodes are attached to the trunk of the body

72. What does the abbreviation EKG mean?

Echocardiogram

Electricalorigram

Endocardiogram

None of the above

73. What is meant by the term redux?

A problem which requires a retest

Backflow flow in the heart

The lub-dub cycle in the heart

Fine filaments that cause conduction to start

74. From where do the coronary arteries receive blood?

Aorta

Left Atrium

Right Atrium

Through the pulmonary valve

75. What is the purpose of an electronic pacemaker?

To test the polarity of the conduction system

To polarize and unpolarize rhythmically

To maintain a heart rhythm so oxygen and nutrients go to the body cells

Maintain a heart rhythm so fluctuations are not as noticeable

76. Define sinus rhythm?

Abnormal rhythm characterized by flutter and lub

Tachycardia rhythm caused by the Purkinje fibers

Normal rhythm exhibited by all nodes of the heart

Normal rhythm paced by the SA node

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78. Describe what ACE inhibitors do?

Constrict the vessels to decrease blood pressure

Dilate blood vessels to decrease blood pressure

Prevents the weakened myocardium from pumping too forcefully

Both B and C

79. Multiplying the number of R waves for six seconds of EKG printout times ten measures the __________________ and is called the ____________________?

Breaths per minute (BPM), 6-Second Rule

Beats per minute (BPM), 60-Cycle Rule

Beats per minute (BPM), 6-Second Rule

None of the above

80. Chest pain that occurs when there is insufficient oxygen to supply the myocardium is called ______________?

Ischemia

MI - myocardial infarction

Pericarditis

Both A and C

81. What can a depressed ST segment indicate?

Hypokalemia

Ischemia

Digoxin toxicity

All of the above

82. Why must the outlet used for the EKG equipment power be free of any other powered devices?

The extra electricity required would cause spikes on the print-out

Done to avoid 60-cycle interference

Voltage transients could short out the EKG machine

The circuitry inside the wall would be a parallel path

83. What is a heart murmur?

What a normal heart does just before a lub/dub

Caused by blood flow through a heart valve that is closed completely

Caused by blood flow through a heart valve that is not closing all the way

Both A and C

84. What is the 300 rule and what condition is it normally used for?

The number of small squares between two Q waves divided into 300, used for normal sinus rhythm

The number of large squares between two Q waves times 300, used to determine if the heart is enlarged

The number of large squares between two R waves divided into 300, used for arrhythmia

None of the above

85. What does the R wave represent?

Right ventricle contraction

Left atrium relaxing

Left ventricle contracting

Mitral valve opening

86. For what purpose does the body use cholesterol?

Make hormones and vitamin D

Make substances that help digest food

Make buildup of plaque in arteries to ease the flow of blood

Both A and B

87. Of the following drugs, which are not used to treat heart or circulatory conditions?

Nitroglycerin

ACE Inhibitors and digoxin

NTR restrictors and oxygen

Beta blockers and diuretics

88. What drug increases the force of cardiac contractions and cardiac output?

Beta blockers

Digoxin

Nitroglycerin

Ace inhibitors

89. At what rate does the AV node fire in the heart?

20-80 beats per minute

40-120 beats per minute

50-110 beats per minute

60-100 beats per minute

90. Use of a Holter monitor would indicate no ________________?

ST changes

QRS complex changes

QRS complex time over 25mm

Wave changes

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