Spinal Cord Touro Neuroscience Quiz
Quiz for the spinal cord for Touro Neuroscience course
- 1.
The spinal cord extends from the foramen magnum to _________________.
- A.
T11-T12
- B.
L1-L2
- C.
S1-S2
- D.
L4-L5
Correct Answer
B. L1-L2Explanation
The spinal cord extends from the foramen magnum to the L1-L2 level. The foramen magnum is the opening at the base of the skull through which the spinal cord passes. The L1-L2 level refers to the first and second lumbar vertebrae, which are located in the lower back. Therefore, the correct answer is L1-L2.Rate this question:
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- 2.
The cervical enlargement is located between___________ and is enlarged due to the _______________.
- A.
C1-C4, cervical plexus for head and neck region making the dorsal gray matter bigger.
- B.
C1-C4, brachial plexus for upper limbs making the dorsal gray matter bigger
- C.
C4-T1, brachial plexus for upper limbs making the dorsal gray matter bigger
- D.
C4-T1, brachial plexus for respiratory function making the dorsal gray matter bigger
Correct Answer
C. C4-T1, brachial plexus for upper limbs making the dorsal gray matter biggerExplanation
The correct answer is C4-T1, brachial plexus for upper limbs making the dorsal gray matter bigger. The cervical enlargement is located between the C4 and T1 vertebrae. It is enlarged due to the presence of the brachial plexus, which is responsible for innervating the upper limbs. This increased innervation requires a larger amount of gray matter in the spinal cord, specifically in the dorsal region.Rate this question:
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- 3.
The anterior spinal artery branches are located in the ____________.
- A.
Anterior medial fissure
- B.
Anterolateral tract
- C.
Anterolateral sulcus
- D.
Anterior medial sulcus
Correct Answer
A. Anterior medial fissureExplanation
The correct answer is anterior medial fissure. The anterior spinal artery branches are located in the anterior medial fissure. This is a groove that runs along the front of the spinal cord, dividing it into two halves. The anterior spinal artery supplies blood to the front part of the spinal cord, including the motor neurons that control voluntary movement.Rate this question:
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- 4.
In the upper thoracic and cervical spinal cord, the posterior intermediate sulcus divides the ____________.
- A.
Anterolateral tract from dorsal columns
- B.
Dorsal columns
- C.
Anterolateral tract from the corticospinal tract
- D.
Corticospinal tract
Correct Answer
B. Dorsal columnsExplanation
The correct answer is dorsal columns. The posterior intermediate sulcus is a groove that runs along the upper thoracic and cervical spinal cord. It divides the spinal cord into two parts: the dorsal columns, which carry sensory information such as touch and proprioception, and the anterolateral tract, which carries pain and temperature sensation. Therefore, the posterior intermediate sulcus divides the dorsal columns.Rate this question:
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- 5.
There are ________ pairs of spinal nerves and the region that has one more than it's number of vertebrae is the _________.
Correct Answer
31 pairs, cervical spinal nerves have 8 pairs and only 7 associated vertebraeExplanation
The human body has 31 pairs of spinal nerves. The region that has one more pair of spinal nerves than the number of associated vertebrae is the cervical region. The cervical region has 8 pairs of spinal nerves, but only 7 associated vertebrae.Rate this question:
- 6.
Spinal nerve T7 emerges between T6 and T7.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Spinal nerves C1-7 emerge above their corresponding vertebrae and C8 emerges between C7-T1, therefore nerves below C8 begin emerging below their corresponding vertebrae.Rate this question:
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- 7.
GSA, somatic sensory fibers, transmit information from _______________.
- A.
Receptors for hearing and vision
- B.
Mechanoreceptors and nociceptors
- C.
Receptors in skin, muscle, tendons, and joints
- D.
Receptors in smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands
Correct Answer
C. Receptors in skin, muscle, tendons, and jointsExplanation
GVA=receptors in smooth muscles, cardiac muscle and glands
Hearing and vision are special sensoryRate this question:
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- 8.
Local anesthetic drugs are injected into this space to anesthetize the lumbar and sacral spinal nerves during operative procedures and for postoperative pain control
- A.
Sub-pia mater
- B.
Subarachnoid
- C.
Subdural
- D.
Epidural
Correct Answer
D. EpiduralExplanation
Epidural anesthesia involves injecting local anesthetic drugs into the epidural space, which is located just outside the dura mater (the outermost layer of the spinal cord). This technique is commonly used during operative procedures and for postoperative pain control, as it allows for the anesthetization of the lumbar and sacral spinal nerves. By targeting this specific area, the drugs can effectively numb the nerves and provide pain relief without affecting the entire body.Rate this question:
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- 9.
The spinal cord is stabilized by these structures:
- A.
Denticulate ligaments
- B.
Collagen fibers of subarachnoid space
- C.
Filum terminale
Correct Answer(s)
A. Denticulate ligaments
C. Filum terminaleExplanation
The spinal cord is stabilized by the denticulate ligaments and the filum terminale. The denticulate ligaments are extensions of the pia mater that attach the spinal cord to the dura mater, providing lateral stability. The filum terminale is a fibrous strand that extends from the tip of the spinal cord to the coccyx, providing longitudinal stability. These structures work together to keep the spinal cord in place and prevent excessive movement or displacement.Rate this question:
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- 10.
The filum internim is a continuation of a pial thread that caudally pierces the thecal sac to become surrounded by dura and attach to the coccyx.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The filum internim is not a continuation of a pial thread that caudally pierces the thecal sac to become surrounded by dura and attach to the coccyx.Rate this question:
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- 11.
The dorsal horn contains laminae:
- A.
VII
- B.
I-VI
- C.
X
- D.
VIII & IX
Correct Answer
B. I-VIExplanation
VII is intermediate zone
VIII & IX are in ventral horn
X is in central canalRate this question:
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- 12.
Lamina ____________ recieves descending motor pathways and proprioceptive input from the periphery and is located in the _________.
- A.
VI, ventral horn
- B.
VI, dorsal horn
- C.
VII, intermediate zone
- D.
VII, central canal
Correct Answer
B. VI, dorsal hornExplanation
The correct answer is VI, dorsal horn. The dorsal horn of the spinal cord is responsible for receiving sensory information from the periphery, including proprioceptive input, and it also receives descending motor pathways. This region is involved in processing and relaying sensory information to higher brain centers for further integration and interpretation.Rate this question:
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- 13.
The _________of Clarke (Clarke’s column) is found in the dorsal medial part of lamina VII at spinal segments _______. The nucleus receives proprioceptive input from muscle and sends axonal projections to the ipsilateral cerebellum (dorsal spinocerebellar tract).
- A.
Posteromarginal nucleus, C8-L2
- B.
Substantia gelatinosa, T4-L2
- C.
Nucleus dorsalis, C8-L2
- D.
Interomediolateral cell column, T1-L2
Correct Answer
C. Nucleus dorsalis, C8-L2Explanation
Lamina I (posteromarginal nucleus),
Lamina IIo (substantia gelatinosa)
Both are in dorsal horn and don't have specific vertebrae locations
The intermediolateral cell column (IML) is found in spinal segments T1-L2. in the small lateral horn of the intermediate zone. These neurons give rise to preganglionic sympathetic efferent fibers.Rate this question:
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- 14.
The ____________nucleus is located in spinal segments C3-C5.
- A.
Somatic motor
- B.
Phrenic
- C.
Nucleus dorsalis
- D.
Cervical autonomic
Correct Answer
B. PhrenicExplanation
The phrenic nucleus is located in spinal segments C3-C5. The phrenic nerve originates from this nucleus and innervates the diaphragm, which is the primary muscle responsible for respiration. Therefore, the phrenic nucleus plays a crucial role in controlling breathing.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Nuclei in the ventral horn are somaticotopically arranged so that the flexors are dorsally located and the extensors are ventrally located.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
They are also arranged so that more medially you will find nuclei for the trunk and more laterally nuclei for the extremetiesRate this question:
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- 16.
The crossed extensor reflex refers to
- A.
Signal crosses through the dorsal horn to directly stimulate the withdrawl from nocioceptive stimulis by activating extensors and inhibiting flexors in ipsolateral leg.
- B.
Signal transversing the midline and activation of extensors contralaterally to support the body on the opposite leg.
- C.
The nocioceptive signal synapses on the contralateral side and so the withdrawl signal must cross the midline to activate the extensors and inhibit the flexors in the correct leg
- D.
Motor pathways cross in the intrafusal muscles while delivering withdrawl signal to extensors.
Correct Answer
B. Signal transversing the midline and activation of extensors contralaterally to support the body on the opposite leg.Explanation
The crossed extensor reflex refers to the signal transversing the midline and activating extensors contralaterally to support the body on the opposite leg. This means that when one leg is stimulated with a nocioceptive stimulus, the signal crosses over to the other side of the body and activates the extensor muscles on the opposite leg to provide support and balance. This reflex helps to maintain stability and prevent falls when one leg is suddenly withdrawn or injured.Rate this question:
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- 17.
The myotactic reflex stimulates ____________ muscles and inhibits ___________ muscles from the tapped tendon.
- A.
Contralateral, ipsolateral
- B.
Opposite, same
- C.
Intrafusal muscles, extrafusal muscles
- D.
Same, opposite
Correct Answer
D. Same, oppositeExplanation
The myotactic reflex refers to the automatic response of a muscle to a stretching stimulus. When the tendon is tapped, the myotactic reflex stimulates the same muscles that are being stretched, causing them to contract and resist further stretching. At the same time, it inhibits the opposite muscles, preventing them from contracting and opposing the stretch. Therefore, the correct answer is "same, opposite."Rate this question:
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- 18.
The corticospinal tract conveys______________.
- A.
Discriminative touch, vibration, joint position
- B.
Sensory from the upper extremities
- C.
Skilled, volitional movement
- D.
Crude touch, pain, temperature
Correct Answer
C. Skilled, volitional movementExplanation
The corticospinal tract is responsible for conveying skilled, volitional movement. This means that it carries signals from the brain to the spinal cord, which then controls precise and intentional movements of the body. This includes activities such as writing, playing an instrument, or performing complex motor tasks.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Spinocerebellar tract motor information is under conscious control.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The statement "Spinocerebellar tract motor information is under conscious control" is false. The spinocerebellar tract is responsible for transmitting proprioceptive information from the muscles and joints to the cerebellum, which is involved in coordinating movement and balance. This transmission occurs unconsciously and does not require conscious control.Rate this question:
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- 20.
If you took an axial CT scan at the level of S3, would you be able to visualize the cuneatus tract?
- A.
No, because the spinal cord white matter does not descend as far as S3
- B.
No, because this white matter tract is only above T6 as it has signals from upper extremities
- C.
Yes, because it is continuous through the entire spinal cord
- D.
Yes, because this white matter has fibers that convey information from the lower extremities
Correct Answer
B. No, because this white matter tract is only above T6 as it has signals from upper extremitiesExplanation
The correct answer is "No, because this white matter tract is only above T6 as it has signals from upper extremities." The cuneatus tract is a white matter tract that carries sensory information from the upper extremities. It is located above the T6 level in the spinal cord. Therefore, if an axial CT scan is taken at the level of S3, it would not be able to visualize the cuneatus tract.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Internal arcuate fibers of the dorsal column tract decussation in the ____________.
- A.
Thalamus
- B.
Medulla
- C.
Midbrain
- D.
Immediately in the spinal cord segment
Correct Answer
B. MedullaExplanation
The internal arcuate fibers of the dorsal column tract decussate in the medulla. Decussation refers to the crossing over of nerve fibers from one side of the body to the other. In this case, the fibers cross from one side of the spinal cord to the opposite side in the medulla, which is located at the base of the brainstem. This crossing allows sensory information from the body to be transmitted to the opposite side of the brain for processing and interpretation.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Which tract has a lesion if coordination problems begin to occur?
- A.
Spinocerebellar
- B.
Corticospinal
- C.
Dorsal column
- D.
Anterolateral system
Correct Answer
A. SpinocerebellarExplanation
The spinocerebellar tract is responsible for transmitting sensory information from the spinal cord to the cerebellum, which is involved in coordinating movement and balance. If coordination problems begin to occur, it suggests that there may be a lesion or damage in the spinocerebellar tract, disrupting the transmission of sensory information to the cerebellum and affecting motor coordination.Rate this question:
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- 23.
All of the fibers in the coricospinal tract decussate in the medulla.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Lateral:
90% in the medulla
2% uncrossed tract of Barnes
Anterior:
8% cross in spinal cord segmentRate this question:
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- 24.
The rubrospinal tract is the minor descending motor pathway for the _______________.
- A.
Lower limbs
- B.
Respiratory muscles
- C.
Upper limbs
- D.
Intrinsic back muscles
Correct Answer
C. Upper limbsExplanation
The rubrospinal tract is a descending motor pathway that primarily controls voluntary movements of the upper limbs. It originates in the red nucleus of the midbrain and crosses over to the opposite side of the spinal cord. From there, it sends motor signals to the muscles of the upper limbs, allowing for precise and coordinated movements. This pathway does not play a significant role in controlling the lower limbs, respiratory muscles, or intrinsic back muscles.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Reticulospinal tract is responsible for_______________________
- A.
Excitatory to extensor (antigravity) musculature and act to maintain body posture and orientation in space
- B.
Unconscious coordination signals
- C.
Flex arms and forearms
- D.
Extensor muscle posture and tone
Correct Answer
D. Extensor muscle posture and toneExplanation
vestibulospinal keeps you balanced and oriented
spinocerebellar provides coordination
rubrospinal flexes forearms and armsRate this question:
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Mar 21, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Sep 29, 2012Quiz Created by
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