Soil Notes And Percolation Lab Quiz 5/22/19

The terms "sticky" and "muddy" suggest that the clay sample has a high moisture content and is likely to adhere to surfaces. The term "tiny grained" indicates that the clay particles are small in size. These characteristics are commonly associated with clay, making the answer "Sticky, muddy, tiny grained" the most appropriate choice.

Sediment is considered soil under water because it is found in various aquatic environments, including oceans, lakes, and rivers. Just like soil on land, sediment consists of particles such as sand, silt, and clay. It provides a substrate for plants and organisms to grow in aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, sediment can be considered as soil underwater due to its similar composition and role in supporting life.

The terms "gritty, grainy, and coarse" best describe the classroom substrate sample of coarse beach sand. These terms indicate that the sand has a rough texture, with visible grains and a larger particle size.

The correct answer is "Air & Water". This is because air and water are both essential components of soil. Air provides oxygen for plant roots and helps with the exchange of gases, while water provides moisture for plants and helps dissolve nutrients for uptake. Both air and water are present in soil in equal percentages, making them important for soil health and plant growth.

Adhesion is the attraction that helps soil hold onto water molecules. Adhesion is the force of attraction between water molecules and the solid surfaces of the soil particles. In silt and clay soils, which have smaller particles and more surface area, the water molecules are able to adhere to the soil particles more strongly, resulting in slower percolation. This allows the soil to hold onto the water for longer periods of time, making it more difficult for the water to drain through the soil.

The correct answer describes soil particles that are not porous, densely packed, and have a uniform grain size. This means that there are no empty spaces or gaps between the particles, and the particles are tightly packed together. Additionally, the particles are all of the same size, which further reduces any potential porosity.

The diagram shows that soil includes minerals, organic matter, water, and air. Among these ingredients, minerals make up the largest percentage of soil.

The terms "spongy, soft, earthy, and twiggy" best describe the classroom substrate sample because they suggest that the sample has a porous and soft texture, similar to a sponge. The term "earthy" indicates that it has a natural and soil-like smell or appearance. The term "twiggy" suggests the presence of small twigs or plant material in the sample. These descriptions align with the characteristics of loam, peat, and humus, which are organic materials commonly found in soil.

The sediment grain size for #1 is coarse sand.

Clay is the correct answer because it has small particles that are tightly packed together, creating a dense and compact structure. This structure allows for the least amount of water to pass through, resulting in low permeability. Additionally, clay has high water retention capacity, meaning it can hold and retain a significant amount of water, leading to ponding or waterlogging in the soil.

The correct answer is "Porous, void space, packed large grain size." This answer describes soil particles that have a large grain size, allowing for void spaces or gaps between the particles. These void spaces create porosity, which refers to the amount of empty space within the soil. Despite being packed, the presence of void spaces allows for the movement of air and water through the soil, making it porous.

The correct answer is "Bottom material organisms live in or on." This answer accurately defines the term "substrate" as the material that serves as a habitat for ocean organisms, either by providing a surface for attachment or by being inhabited by organisms.

The given correct answer for this question is "Clay". Clay is a type of sediment grain size that is characterized by its small particle size and smooth texture. It is finer than silt and sand, and is often found in areas with low energy environments such as lakes or river deltas. Clay particles are cohesive and have the ability to retain water, making them ideal for shaping and molding.

The term "silt" is a type of sediment that is characterized by its fine-grained texture. It is smooth, slippery, and soft to the touch. Unlike sticky substances, silt does not adhere or stick to surfaces. Therefore, the terms "smooth, slippery, soft, not sticky" accurately describe the characteristics of a classroom substrate sample that is composed of silt.

The correct answer is silt. Silt is a sediment grain size that falls between the sizes of clay and sand. It is finer than sand but coarser than clay. Silt particles are typically between 0.002 and 0.06 millimeters in diameter. They are smooth and have a powdery texture. Silt is often found in riverbeds and floodplains and can be easily transported by water.

The given answer "Small grained, light weight" best describes the classroom substrate sample of Dune Sand. This is because dune sand is typically composed of small grains and is known for its light weight compared to other types of sand.

The correct answer is "Low porosity, mixed grain sizes." This means that the soil particles have a small amount of empty space between them and they have varying sizes. This combination of low porosity and mixed grain sizes indicates that the soil is not very permeable and may have limited water and air flow through it.

Coarse sand is the correct answer because it has larger particles compared to fine sand, silt, clay, and loam/peat. The larger particles create larger spaces between them, allowing water to pass through quickly without being absorbed. This is because the larger spaces in coarse sand provide less resistance to the flow of water, making it the substrate that allows water to consistently pass through the quickest without absorption.

Gravel is a type of sedimentary rock called "bluestone" that has a blue color. It is formed from sediments that have been compressed over millions of years. Gravel is obtained by mining it from a quarry and then crushing it into smaller pieces.

Soil is a mixture of weathered rock and decayed organic matter. This explanation accurately describes soil as a combination of both inorganic components (weathered rock) and organic components (decayed organic matter). It highlights the importance of both these components in the composition of soil.

Loam/peat is the correct answer because it has a balanced mixture of sand, silt, and clay, which allows for quick percolation of water. It also has good water retention capacity, keeping the substrate moist and providing nutrients for the habitat.

Silt is the correct answer because it is a fine substrate that remains soft and moist when wet. Unlike clay, which can become sticky and compacted, silt retains its ability to filter water through. Coarse sand and fine sand are not as effective at retaining moisture and filtering water, while loam/peat is a mixture of different soil types and may not have the same qualities as pure silt.